Arnold Bregt From GIS-application to geo- knowledge infrastructure.

Arnold Bregt

From GIS-application to geo-knowledge infrastructure

Two Developments

Two from data to knowledge

From vertical to horizontal information systems

Data

Information

Knowledge

Wisdom

Framework

Vertical Horizontal

Data

Information

Knowledge

Framework

Vertical Horizontal

Data Geo-data

Information

Knowledge

Geo-data Collected with

geographical phenomena in mind

e.g. water, soil, topography

One responsible organization

From 1960 conversion from analog to digital

In NL government 25 000 geo-datasets

Framework

Vertical Horizontal

Data Geo-data

Information Geographical information system (GIS)

Knowledge

Geographical Information systems (GIS) GIS applications for a

specific problem or question

Started around 1980 Special software (e.g.

Esri) Applied within one org. Development and

maintenance of applications expensive

Problem: changing questions

Framework

Vertical Horizontal

Data Geo-data


Knowledge Spatial Decision Support system (SDSS)

Spatial decision support systems

Started around 1990 Data, processing and

knowledge Data integration and for

specific domains

Problems: not really used by decision makers

Decision making is complex

condition

suitability

scenario

quality

Framework

Vertical Horizontal

Data Geo-data Spatial Information Infrastructure (SDI)



Spatial data infrastructure

Started around 1991(Canada) Clinton order in 1994 The same data for many applications

(horizontal) GI becomes a policy and organization issue Standards are crucial (ISO, OGC, W3C)

Problem very data driven

Definitions of SDI

Utility view: SDI is a network facility for accessing and sharing spatial data.

Component view: spatial data, standards, policies and service technology and institutional framework

Utility and goal: a network facility for advancing knowledge in a given context through accessing and sharing spatial data

3-D BaseMap

(Cache)

2-D Base Map

(Cache)

Open Web

Services

TrackingServices

GIS DataData

Streams

Browser

Catalog Services

Catalog

Mobile

Desktop GIS

Geo-processing

Services • Search• Channels • Link Browser

Map• Download:• ArcGIS Explorer• Toolbar for ArcMap• …• Collaboration

Web Services Platform

2-D &* 3-DDesktop Viewers

Enterprise GeoPortal Data Warehouse

GeoPortal

Client Applications

Access Network Component

0102030405060708090

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

# cl

eari

ngho

uses

# nationalclearinghousesimplementedCumulative

Which countries are involved?

ASDD GeoInsight Portal

Framework

Vertical Horizontal



Geo-information Infrastructure (GII)


Move from data to services

User oriented Started 2002 View services, but

others identified Some organizations are

also implementing (RWS)

Called “second generation infrastructures”

Current INSPIRE Geoportal

Framework

Vertical Horizontal



Geo-information Infrastructure (GII)


Geo-knowledge Infrastructure (GKI)

Geo-knowledge infrastructure Still on the drawing

board!

Technical component: Knowledge components for certain functions (knowledge agents)

Human component: training experience, collaboration experiments

End-user

WMS

Single Service

WMS

WFS

Multiple ServiceSame Data

CoordTrans.

Service OnlyNo Data

FTP

Data OnlyNo Service

Catalog

CatalogService

InventoryAccess

http://ceos.org100,50,2300,75.4X=56

Directory

Inventory

LargeData System

i n t e r n e t

Knowledge Services

Knowledge Services

Arnold Bregt From GIS-application to geo- knowledge infrastructure.

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