Aristotle – “Spoken words are the symbols of your mental experiences.”
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Transcript of Aristotle – “Spoken words are the symbols of your mental experiences.”
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Aristotle – “Spoken words are the symbols of your mental
experiences.”
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If your spoken words are NOT the same, do cultures have different mental experiences based on their languages?
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YESWe experience the world differently, therefore, we use language to express our experiences differently.
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Language, no matter what language, is a taken for granted aspect of people’s lives AND does not have to make sense.
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German
Schadenfreude
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German
Drachenfutter
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Scottish
sgiomlaireachd
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Russian
EfficiencyChallenge
Engagement ringHave fun
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ENGLISH 615,000
GERMAN 184,000
FRENCH 100,000
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WORDS THAT ENGLISH SPEAKERS HAVE ADOPTED
BRONCORODEO
C’EST LA VIEDEJA VUE
PIANOSPAGEHTII
KIMONOBARBEQUE
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FRENCHHouse Home
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FINE14 Definitions as an adjective
6 as a noun
2 as an adverb
Fills 2 pages in the dictionary and takes 5,000 words to explain
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FINE
Fine Art
Feeling Fine
Court Fine
Fine Hair
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SOUND
Audible Noise
State of Healthiness (Sound Mind)
An Outburst (Sound Off)
Body of Water
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• Eskimos: 50 words related to Snow
• Arabs: 600 words related to camels
• Italians: 500 words related to pasta
• Germans: 70 words related to beer
• Maoris: 35 words related to dung
• Araqucanian: 20 words related to being hungry
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ESKIMO LANGUAGE GANA
AKILUKAK
APUT
KAGUKLAICH
PIGSIRPOG
GIMUGSUG
FALLING SNOW
FLUFFY FALLEN SNOW
SNOW ON GROUND
SNOW DRIFTED IN ROWS
DRIFTING SNOW
SNOWDRIFT
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We experience the world differently and we express those
experiences in our language.
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Our Cultural Values are Reflected in:1. What we choose to talk about
2. How we choose to express ourselves
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Do people who speak different languages have different thought processes (not experiences)?
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NO
If you moved to Alaska and experience snow and learned their language, you could process the different categories.
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Until the early 1900’s language was assumed to be a neutral medium that did not influence the way people experienced the world.
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Sapir – Whorf Hypothesis
Language is not just an instrument for voicing ideas but is itself the shaper of ideas, the guide for the individuals mental activity.
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Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
Firmer
Softer
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Sapir – Whorf Hypothesis
Firmer – Language functions like a PRISON
Once you learn a language, you are irrevocably affected by the particular of
that language.
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Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
Firmer
Softer
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Sapir – Whorf Hypothesis
Softer – Language SHAPES how people think and experience the world, yet it is possible to learn words and categories sufficiently similar to your first language so that communication can be accurate.
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Vocabulary + GrammarDifferences in a Language
1. Vocabularya. Eskimob. Arabicc. Danid. Kamayura
2. Grammara. Tense + Possessivesb. Pronouns
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Lost in Translation• German – Ich bin ein Berliner• South America – Nova• Portuguese – Rendezvous lounges• Chinese – Coca-Cola
ke kou ke la• Japan – Coke adds life
Coke brings ancestors back to life
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• Idioms: Meaning Contrary• U.S. Idioms• Japanese Idioms• Irish Idioms
• Jargon: Common to a Profession
• Argot: Used by Co-cultural
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US IDIOMS• Bite the bullet
• Don’t have a cow
• Get off my back
• Whistle blower
• On the fence
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JAPANESE IDIOMS
• The nail that sticks up gets hammered
• Like pounding a nail into tofu
• He has a higher nose
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IRISH IDIOMS
• There’ll be wigs on the green
• They left us in the ha’ penny place
• He’s only winding you
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DIALECTS DISTINGUISH COMMUNITIES
It is a form of a spoken language peculiar to a specific region or social group.
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DIALECTS VARY
• From rural to urban
• From one social group to another
• From one ethnic group to another
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THREE REASONS WHY UNDERSTANDING DIALETS IS
IMPORTANT
Clarity
Evaluations
Standard American Dialect
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CLARITY
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EVALUATIONS
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AMERICAN STANDARD DIALECTS
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CODE SWITCHING
• Setting
• Conversational Partner
• Topic