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Arie Zaban Department of Chemistry Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University, Israel : Slide 2 14 MW power plant at the Nellis Air Force Base (south Nevada). ~30 million kilowatt-hours (30MWh) of electricity annually. Expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 24,000 tons/year. Contraction cost: $100 million. Land: 140 acres (570 dunam). The company that owns the panels is leasing the land at no cost, and Nellis is agreeing to buy the power for 20 years at about 2.2 cents/kWh, instead of the 9 cents they are paying to Nevada Power, saving the Air Force $1 million each year. None of the $100 million cost came from the Air Force. North Americas Largest Solar-Electric Plant Switched On (28/12/2007) The Need/Challenge: 10TW Renewable Energy Slide 3 14 MW power plant at the Nellis Air Force Base (south Nevada). North Americas Largest Solar-Electric Plant Switched On (28/12/2007) One plant, every hour, for the next: 81 years The Need/Challenge: 10TW Renewable Energy Slide 4 One plant, every hour, for the next: 81 years The Need/Challenge: 10TW Renewable Energy 2012 installation = 24GW one plant every 5 hrs. >150G$ Slide 5 Research Goals Energy Cost ($/KWh) system cost ($/m2) system efficiency (%) effective sun (KWh/m2) Slide 6 Best Research Cell Efficiencies Slide 7 Single-Bandgap PV and the Solar Spectrum (AM 1.5) Slide 8 Prince, JAP 26 (1955) 534 Loferski, JAP 27 (1956) 777 Optimal Bandgap for Single Junction PV Slide 9 Best Research Cell Efficiencies Slide 10 Production, Laboratory, Theoretical PV Module Efficiency Slide 11 Global PV Module Price Learning Curve for c-si Wafer- Based and CdTe Modules, 1979 To 2015 Slide 12 Multi-Bandgap PV and the Solar Spectrum (AM 1.5) Slide 13 cost concentration current matching Multi-Bandgap Photovoltaics Slide 14 With optical losses Bennett and Olsen, 1988, IEEE PVSC, p. 868 Maximum Efficiency for Ideal Multi-Bandgap PV Slide 15 Best Research Cell Efficiencies Slide 16 Production, Laboratory, Theoretical PV Module Efficiency Slide 17 Third Generation Options Slide 18 Up-Conversion for a Single Junction Down-Conversion for a Single Junction Third Generation Options Slide 19 Multiple exciton generation (MEG) Phonon cooling Auger recombination MEG Phonon cooling Slide 20 Third Generation Options Luminescent solar concentrators Plasmonic solar cells Antenna-based solar cells Slide 21 Best Research Cell Efficiencies Slide 22 Best Research Cell Efficiencies: Emerging PV Slide 23 Research Goals Energy Cost ($/KWh) system cost ($/m2) system efficiency (%) effective sun (KWh/m2) Slide 24 System Cost Light collection (wave guide effect) Anti reflection coating Charge collection Slide 25 Combinatorial Material (Absorber) Library Co 3 O 4 All-Oxide PV: combinatorial material science conductance Slide 26 Bright Future Needs: Co 3 O 4 Basic science Material science Long term funding (fuel replacement program) Centers of excellence (nano) Partnership with industry Slide 27 , . and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on (upon) the earth. Thank You Slide 28 The Photovoltaic (PV) Mechanism cosT breakdown of currenT convenTional pv sysTems in The uniTed sTaTes, 2010 Slide 29 The Photovoltaic (PV) Mechanism average worldwide pv module price level and Their cosT sTrucTure by Technology (2010). Slide 30 Production, Laboratory, Theoretical PV Module Efficiency Slide 31 QDSSCs: Co-Sensitization (in series) Slide 32 Low Cost Multi-Bandgap Solar Cells Two Bands Spectral Splitting with David Cahen and Igor Lubomirsky, WIS Slide 33 hh refractive index matching low band-gap PV medium band-gap PV high band-gap PV Waveguide Based PV System Slide 34 CdSe-QR Sensitized Solar Cell: Dipole Effect Sample (nm) V oc (mV) J sc (mA/cm 2 ) FF (%) (%) 5.0 QDs5317.81522.14 40x5.0 QRs5649.68492.69 Nano Lett. (2012), 12, 2095