Are all cells alike?. All organisms are made of cells The cell is the basic unit of structure &...
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Transcript of Are all cells alike?. All organisms are made of cells The cell is the basic unit of structure &...
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The CellAre all cells alike?
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All organisms are made of cellsThe cell is the basic unit of structure &
functionThe cell is the smallest unit that can still
carry on all life processesBoth unicellular (one celled) and multicellular
(many celled) organisms are composed of cells
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Before the 17th century, no one knew cells existed
Most cells are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
In the early 17th century microscopes were invented & cells were seen for the 1st time
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek, a Dutchman, made the 1st hand-held microscope & viewed
microscopic organisms in water & bacteria from his teeth
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In 1665, an English scientist named Robert Hooke made an improved microscope and viewed thin slices of cork viewing plant cell walls and named what he saw "cells"
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In the 1830’s, Matthias Schleiden (botanist
studying plants) & Theodore Schwann (zoologist studying animals) stated that all living things were made of cells
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In 1855, Rudolf Virchow stated that cells only arise from pre-existing cells
Virchow’s idea contradicted the idea of spontaneous generation (idea that nonliving things could give rise to organisms)
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The combined work of Schleiden, Schwann, & Virchow is known as the Cell Theory
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Principles of the Cell Theory
All living things are made of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in organisms
Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes.
All cells:are surrounded by a barrier called a cell membrane.
at some point contain DNA.
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Cells are classified into two categories, depending on whether they contain a nucleus.The nucleus is a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA.
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Eukaryotes are cells that contain nuclei. Prokaryotes are cells that do not contain nuclei.
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Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic cells are less complexUnicellularDo not have a nucleus & no membrane-bound
organelles; many have ribosomes though (which aren’t membrane bound)
Most have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane & a single, looped chromosome (genetic material) in the cytoplasm
Include bacteria & blue-green bacteria
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Eukaryotes
More complex cellsIncludes both unicellular & multicellular
organismsDo have a true nucleus & membrane-
bound organellesOrganelles are internal structures in cell’s
that perform specific functionsOrganelles are surrounded by a single or
double membrane
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Entire eukaryotic cell surrounded by a thin cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell
Nucleus is located in the center of the cellThe nucleus contains the genetic material
(DNA) & controls the cell’s activities
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Cytoplasm includes everything between the nucleus and cell membrane and is composed of organelles & a jellylike material consisting of mainly water along with proteins.
Eukaryotes include plant cells, animal cells, fungi, algae, & protists