ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER.ppt

8/18/2019 ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER.ppt

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Microcontroller

Fundamentals

B. Furman13FEB2014


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Learning Objectives

Exlain t!e general arc!itecture o" amicrocontroller

List t!e #e$ "eatures o" t!e %&mega32'

microcontroller Exlain t!e "eatures and elements o" t!e %rduino

and (artronics Exerimenter (!ield )(E(* Exlain t!e concets o" microcontroller ins as

inuts and oututs +onvert bet,een binar$ and !exadecimal digits


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Mec!atronics +oncet Ma

+ontroller )-ard,are (o"t,are*

($stem to

+ontrol

(ensor

(ignal

+onditioning

/o,er nter"ace

%ctuator

ser nter"ace

/o,er

(ource

B Furman 22%11

ME 10ME 154

ME 156

ME 175

ME 120

ME 276%

ME 10

ME 120

ME 10

ME 170

ME 1'6

ME 110

ME 13

ME 154

ME 156

ME 1'2

ME 1'7

ME 175

ME 10

ME 120

ME 10

INTEGRATION


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8!at is a Microcontroller9

http://www.freescale.com/files/microcontrollers/doc/ref_manual/M68HC05TB.pdf

%%LO:

/&(

What is the difference !etween a " Digital #nput$ and an " Analog #nput$%


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%&mega32' nternal %rc!itecture

%&mega32' data s!eet . 2; 5

!tt


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%&mega32' Features

%&mega32' data s!eet . 1

!ttdatas!eet.d"


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%rduino @uemilanove

http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/&rduinoBoard'uemilano(e

!tt


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%rduino no C3

!tt


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%rduino @ue

%tmel (%M3'E rocessor )32 bit %CM +ortex M3 arc!itecture; '4M-*

!tt


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%rduino @uemilanove=no Features

Microcontroer ATmega!"8#328

Oerating oltage 5

nut oltage )recommended* 6A12

nut oltage )limits* A20

@igital =O /ins 14 )o" ,!ic! rovide /8M outut*

%nalog nut /ins

@+ +urrent er =O /in 40 m%

@+ +urrent "or 3.3 /in 50 m%

Flas! Memor$1 HB )%&mega1'* or 32 HB )%&mega32'* o" ,!ic! 2

HB used b$ bootloader

(C%M 1 HB )%&mega1'* or 2 HB )%&mega32'*

EE/COM 512 b$tes )%&mega1'* or 1 HB )%&mega32'*

+loc# (eed 1 M-

!tt


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%&mega32' Microcontroller PinnumberPin

name

Specialfunction

)ource:http://www.atmel.com/d*n/products/product_card.asp%+,-&Tmea8+

,ote the

limitations1

p. 316


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%bsolute Maximums

%&mega32' data s!eet . 31


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Microcontroller /orts and /ins

&!e communication c!annels

t!roug! ,!ic! in"ormation

"lo,s into or out o" t!e

microcontroller Ex. /OC&B

/ins /B0 I /B6

Ma$ not be contiguous O"ten biAdirectional

+

)ee ne2t slides1


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/ort /in @ata @irectionalit$

nut 8!en $ou ,ant to ta#e in"ormation "rom t!e external

,orld )sensors* into t!e M+

Outut 8!en $ou ,ant to c!ange t!e state o" somet!ing

out side t!e M+ )turn a motor on or o""; etc.*

/ins de"ault to inut direction on o,erAu or

reset Jour rogram can set or c!ange t!e directionalit$

o" a in at an$ time


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%&mega32'

Bloc# @iagram

Input

Output


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M'-+11 microcontroller


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(etting t!e /in @ata @irection

%rduino inMode' pin_no() dir *

Ex. Ma#e %rduino in 3 )/@3* an output

pinMode(3, OUTPUT); pinMode(PIN_D3, OUTPUT); // with me106.h

ote< one in at a time (uose $ou ,anted %rduino ins 3; 5; and 6 )/@3;

/@5; and /@6* to be oututs9 s t!ere a ,a$ to ma#e t!em all oututs at t!e same

time9 JesG %ns,er coming laterK


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/in sed as an Outut

&urn on an LE@; ,!ic! isconnected to in %rduino in 0

)/@0* )note t!e resistorG*

8!at s!ould t!e datadirection be "or in 0 )/@0*9 pinMode(____, ____);

&urn on t!e LE@ digit!"#ite(0,$I%$);

&urn o"" t!e LE@ digit!"#ite(0,&O");

ATmega328

Arduino

pin 0(PD0)


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/in oltages

Microcontrollers are "undamentall$ digital

devices n"ormation is coded in t,o discrete states<

-:- or LO8 )logic< 1 or 0* oltages

&&L

5 )"or -:-*

0 )"or LO8*

3.3 +MO(

3.3 )"or -:-*

0 )"or LO8*


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/ins as nuts and /ullAu Cesistors A 1

sing a s,itc! as a sensor Ex. (eat belt sensor

@etect t!e s,itc! state

8!at s!ould t!e data directionbe "or %rduino in 3 )/@3*9

pinMode(____, ____); 8!at ,ill t!e voltage be on /@3

,!en t!e s,itc! is closed9 8!at ,ill t!e voltage be on /@3

,!en t!e s,itc! is oen9 ndeterminateG

ATmega328

Arduino

pin 3(PD3)


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(,itc! as a sensor; cont. Ma#e t!e voltage on t!e in

determinate b$ turning on t!e

ullAu resistor "or /@3 %ssuming /@3 is an inut<

digit!"#ite(3,$I%$); turns on t!eNullAu resistor

pinMode(3,INPUT_PU&&UP);

8!at ,ill t!e voltage on /@3 be

,!en t!e s,itc! is oen9 &:

8!at ,ill t!e voltage on /@3 be

,!en t!e s,itc! is closed9

ATmega328

PD3

VTG= +5V

0

1


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(,itc! as a sensor; cont. &o turn off t!e ullAu

resistor

%ssuming /@3 is an inut< digit!"#ite(3,&O"); turns

t!e NullAu resistor o""

ATmega328

PD3

VTG= +5V

0

1


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/ossibilit$ o" ,ea# drive /in set as an input ,it! a

ullAu resistor turned on

can source a small current Cemember t!isG

ATmega328

PD3

VTG= +5V

0

1

iweak


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(artronics Exerimenter (!ield

R*BLED

R$ ser+oheader

Teperature

sensor

Digital pinsheader

Resetbutton

Pie,ospeake

r

Analog pinsheader

Potentioet

er

Photoresistor

P%r&gnd

header

RedLEDs

Tacts%itches

Red&R*B juper


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-andling t!e %rduino A -o, NOT to @o tG

mroer -andling A NEVER GGG


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-andling t!e %rduino A &!e /roer 8a$

/roer -andling A b$ t!e edgesGGG


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(artronics Exerimenter LE@ /inout

/in and LE@ ma 11 A LE@0 )red*

7 A LE@1 )red* or C:B )green*

A LE@2 )red* or C:B )blue*

3 A LE@3 )red* or C:B )red* 13 A LE@ on %rduino

umer determines ,!et!er ins

ma to red LE@s or t!e C:B

!! $ " 3


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13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

)C3 M#)4 M4)# )) 4C #C+ , ,0 T T0 #,T #,T0 T' 7'

9' 9' 9'

pwm pwm pwm pwm pwm pwm

9'0 9' 9' 9'

reen !lue red

piezo

ser(o

)W0 )W )W )W

(artronics Exerimenter @igital /in

%ssignments

(ee t!e Introduction to the Arduino Microcontroer laborator$ exercise


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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

photocell POT tep !e"!o#

(artronics Exerimenter %nalog /in

%ssignments

(ee t!e Introduction to the Arduino Microcontroer laborator$ exercise


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Binar$ and -exadecimal umbers A 1

Microcontrollers are "undamentall$ digital)as oosed to analog* and use binary logic

&,o states< !ig! and lo,; 1 or 0; on or o"" O"ten 5 or 0

One binar$ digit is called a bit t can ta#e on t,o ossible states< 1 or 0

Eig!t binar$ digits are called a byte Four binar$ digits are called a nibble


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1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

6 5 4 3 2 1 0$it %o.

&owe# "i''le

(4 'it!)

*ppe# "i''le

(4 'it!)

&$(&ea!t i,"i-ica"t $it)

$(o!t i,"i-ica"t $it)

B$te and bits


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1 1 3 ' ($a!e 10 o# decimal "/'e#)

55/88/05005000

50850/505505 05/

=+++

×+×+×+×

1 1 0 1($a!e 2 o# binary "/'e# )

08

0 0

=+++

×+×+×+×

($a!e 10)

3 2 ! %$it %o.

&ace Vaue

P 'hat range o( decima )aues can * +its represent,P -o man/ )aues in tota can * +its represent,

($a!e 10)

0 to 15

16


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0 0 0 0 %

0 0 0 1 !

0 0 1 0 2

0 0 1 1 3

0 1 0 0 *

0 1 0 1 0

0 1 1 0 "

0 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 8

1 0 0 1 $

1 0 1 0 A1 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 0 1 4

1 1 1 0 E

1 1 1 1 5

H9Binar*

"h' i he impo#tnt*

One he digit +n e-ed shorthand to#ep#eent o-# in#'

digit

Two he digit +n e-ed shorthand to#ep#eent eight

in#' digit o# one 'te


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sing -ex alues


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/ractice

0b11000111 in !ex )0b is + notation t!at sa$s;Ninterret ,!at "ollo,s as a binar$ number*

0b10011001 in !ex

0b10011001 as a base 10 number

0x5% in binar$ )use ' bits*

0b11111111 in !ex and as a base 10 number

)36*10 in binar$ and !ext!e re"ix Q0xQ is + notation t!at means t!at t!e digits ,!ic! "ollo, are !ex digits

t!e re"ix Q0bQ means t!at t!e digits ,!ic! "ollo, are binar$ digits

Bac to PO!T


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(olution

1100 0111 in !ex ? 0x+6

1001 1001 in !ex ? 0x77

1001 1001 in base 10 ? 153

0x5% in binar$ ? 0b0101 1010

0b1111 1111 ? 0xFF or 255

)36* ? 0b0010 0101 or 0x25


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(o 8!at9

Cecall t!e Duestion< s t!ere a ,a$ c!ange t!e data direction "or a set o"

ins all at t!e same time9

%ll t!e ,or# o" M+ !aens t!roug! registers )secial memor$ locations* Cegisters on t!e %tmega32' are 'Abits ,ide

&!e data direction register )@@Cx* !andles t!e

data directions "or ins in /OC&x

)ource:http://www.atmel.com/d*n/products/product_card.asp%+,-&Tmea8+ p. 93


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@ata @irection Cegister

" t!e bit is zero AR in ,ill be an input Ma#ing a bit to be ero ?? cearing t!e bit

" t!e bit is one AR in ,ill be an output

Ma#ing a bit to be one ?? setting t!e bit &o c!ange t!e data direction "or a set o" ins

belonging to /OC&x at t!e same time<

1. @etermine ,!ic! bits need to be set and cleared in

@@Cx

2. (tore t!e binar$ number or its eDuivalent )in an

alternate base; suc! as !ex* into @@Cx


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/OC& /in and

register details %&mega32' datas!eet; . 6A74

#ump to


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%&mega32' /ort /in @etails

(ee t!e %&mega32' data s!eet; . 6A74 /ort in "unctionalit$ is controlled b$ t!ree

register )secial memor$ location* bits<

@@Cx @ata @irection bit in @@Cx register )read=,rite*

/OC&xn /OC&xn bit in /OC&x data register )read=,rite*

/xn /xn bit in /x register )read onl$*


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Examle 1

%rduino aroac! %lternate aroac!

Ma#e %rduino ins 3; 5; and 6 )/@3; /@5; and/@6* to be oututs

inMode)3; O&/&*SinMode)5; O&/&*S

inMode)6; O&/&*S

@@C@ ? 0b10101000S

or

@@C@ ? 0x%'S

or

@@C@ T ? 1UU/@6 T 1UU/@5 T 1UU/@3S

More on t!is next lectureG

Or i" me10.! is used<

inMode)/>@3; O&/&*S

inMode)/>@5; O&/&*S

inMode)/>@6; O&/&*S


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Examle 2

%rduino aroac! %lternate aroac!

Ma#e ins %rduino ins 0 and 1 )/@0 and /@1*inuts; and turn on ullAu resistors

inMode)0; /&*S

inMode)1; /&*S

digital8rite)0; -:-*S

digital8rite)1; -:-*S

@@C@ ? 0S == all /OC&@ ins inuts

/OC&@ ? 0b00000011S

or

/OC&@ ? 0x03S

or better $et<@@C@ ? V)1UU/@1 T 1UU/@0*S

/OC&@ T ? )1UU/@1 T 1UU/@0*S

More on t!is next lectureG

Or i" me10.! is used<

inMode)/>@0; /&*S

inMode)/>@1; /&*S

digital8rite)/>@0; -:-*S

digital8rite)/>@1; -:-*S


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(tructure o" an %rduino /rogram

%n arduino rogram ?? s6etch Must !ave<

setu)*

loo)*

setu)* con"igures in modes and

registers

loo)* runs t!e main bod$ o" t!e

rogram "orever li#e ,!ile)1* WKX

8!ere is main)* 9 %rduino simli"ies t!ings

@oes t!ings "or $ou

=Y in6 A turns on an LE@ "or @EL%J>O msec;

t!en o"" "or @EL%J>OFF msec; and reeats

B Furman rev. 1.1 Last rev< 22%2011

Y=

Zde"ine LE@>/ 13 == LE@ on digital in 13

Zde"ine @EL%J>O 1000

Zde"ine @EL%J>OFF 1000

void setu)*

W== initialie t!e digital in as an outut<

inMode)LE@>/; O&/&*S

X

== loo)* met!od runs "orever;

== as long as t!e %rduino !as o,er

void loo)*

W

digital8rite)LE@>/; -:-*S == set t!e LE@ on

dela$)@EL%J>O*S == ,ait "or @EL%J>O msec

digital8rite)LE@>/; LO8*S == set t!e LE@ o""

dela$)@EL%J>OFF*S == ,ait "or @EL%J>OFF msec

X


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@igital O I /ractice 1

Ceading a in 8rite some lines o" + code "or t!e

%rduino to determine a course o"

action i" t!e seat belt !as been

latc!ed )s,itc! closed*. " latc!ed; t!e ignition s!ould be

enabled t!roug! a call to a "unction

ig>enable)*.

" not latc!ed; t!e ignition s!ould be

disabled t!roug! a call to a "unctionig>disable)*

8rite seudocode "irst

ATmega328

PD3


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@igital O I /ractice 1 (olution

Ceading a in /seudocode<

(et u /@3 as an inut

&urn on /@3 ullAu resistor

Cead voltage on %rduino in 3 )/>@3*

F />@3 voltage is LO8 )latc!ed*; &-E

call "unction ig>enable)*

EL(E

call "unction ig>disable)*

ATmega328

PD3

VTG= +5V

0

1


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@igital O I /ractice 1 (olution

Ceading a in /seudocode<(et u /@3 as an inut

&urn on /@3 ullAu resistor

Cead voltage on %rduino in 3 )/>@3*

F />@3 voltage is LO8 )latc!ed*; &-E

call "unction ig>enable)*

EL(E

call "unction ig>disable)*

ATmega328

PD3

VTG= +5V

0

1

deine PIN_"IT$ 3

deine &2T$D &O" pinMode(PIN_"IT$,INPUT_PU&&UP); e!t_tte 4 digit!5ed(PIN_"IT$);i (e!t_tte 44 &2T$D) ig_en!e(); 7e!e ig_di!ed(); 7

One ,a$

)sniet; not "ull rogram*


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@igital O I /ractice 2

Ceading "rom and ,riting to ain 8rite some lines o" + code "or

t!e %rduino to turn on a lam

)/@2* and buer )/@3* i" t!e#e$ is in t!e ignition )/@0

closed*; but seat belt is not

latc!ed )/@1 oen*

)diagram s!o,s onl$ one o" t!e t,os,itc!es; but bot! are similar*

/seudocode "irst

ATmega328

PD0$ PD%

PD2

PD3


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@igital O I /ractice 2 /seudocode /seudocode<

(et u data direction o" ins

Ma#e /@0 and /@1 inuts

&urn on ull u resistors "or /@0 and /@1

Ma#e /@2 and /@3 oututs

Loo "orever

F #e$ is in ignition &-E

F belt is latc!ed; &-E

&urn o"" buer

&urn o"" lam

EL(E

&urn on lam

&urn on buer

EL(E

&urn o"" buer

&urn o"" lam

ATmega328

PD0$ PD%

VTG

= +5V

0

1

PD2

PD3


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@igital O I /ractice 2 )%rduino st$le code*Zde"ine />:&O 0

Zde"ine />(E%&BEL& 1

Zde"ine />LE@ 2Zde"ine />B[[EC 3

Zde"ine (E%&BEL&>L%&+-E@ LO8

Zde"ine HEJ>>:&O LO8

Zde"ine LE@>O -:-

Zde"ine LE@>OFF LO8

Zde"ine B[[EC>O -:-

Zde"ine B[[EC>OFF LO8void setu)*

W

inMode)/>:&O; /&>/LL/*S == #e$ s,itc!

inMode)/>(E%&BEL&; /&>/LL/*S == belt latc! s,itc!

inMode)/>LE@; O&/&*S == lam

inMode)/>B[[EC; O&/&*S == buer

Xvoid loo)*

W =Y see next age "or code Y=X

ATmega328

PD0$ PD%

VTG

= +5V

0

1

PD2

PD3


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@igital O I /ractice 2 )%rduino st$le code*=Y see revious age "or code be"ore loo)* Y=

void loo)*

Wint #e$>state ? digitalCead)/>:&O*S

int belt>state ? digitalCead)/>(E%&BEL&*S

i" )#e$>state ?? HEJ>>:&O*

W

i" )belt>state ?? (E%&BEL&>L%&+-E@*

W

digital8rite)/>B[[EC; B[[EC>OFF*S digital8rite)/>LE@; LE@>OFF*S

X

else

W

digital8rite)/>B[[EC; B[[EC>O*S

digital8rite)/>LE@; LE@>O*S

X else

W

digital8rite)/>B[[EC; B[[EC>OFF*S

digital8rite)/>LE@; LE@>OFF*S

X

X

X

ATmega328

PD0$ PD%

VTG= +5V

0

1

PD2

PD3


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@igital O I /ractice 3 )/ort st$le code*

=Y O&E< Zde"ines use rede"ined /OC& in numbers "or %&mega32' Y=

Zde"ine />:&O /@0

Zde"ine />(E%&BEL& /@1

Zde"ine />LE@ /@2

Zde"ine />B[[EC /@3

Zde"ine (E%&BEL&>L%&+-E@ LO8

Zde"ine HEJ>>:&O LO8

Zde"ine LE@>O -:-

Zde"ine LE@>OFF LO8

Zde"ine B[[EC>O -:-

Zde"ine B[[EC>OFF LO8

Zde"ine >B&>M%(H) bit * ) 1 UU )bit* * == same as >B) bit*

void setu)*

W

/OC&@ ? 0S == all /OC&@ ullus o"" @@C@ T ? >B&>M%(H)/>LE@* T >B&>M%(H)/>B[[EC*S == LE@ and buer

/OC&@ T ? >B)/>:&O* T >B)/>(E%&BEL&*S == ullus "or s,itc!es

X

=Y (ee next age "or loo)* code Y=

ATmega328

PD0$ PD%

VTG= +5V

0

1

PD2

PD3


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@igital O I /ractice 3 )/ort st$le code*=Y see revious age "or setu)* code Y=

void loo)*

Wuint'>t current>/OC&@>state; #e$>state; belt>stateS

current>/OC&@>state ? /@S == snas!ot o" /OC&@ ins

#e$>state ? current>/OC&@>state >B)/>:&O*S

belt>state ? current>/OC&@>state >B)/>(E%&BEL&*S

i" )#e$>state ?? HEJ>>:&O*

W

i" )belt>state ?? (E%&BEL&>L%&+-E@*

W

/OC&@ ? V) >B)/>LE@* T >B)/>B[[EC* *S

X

else

W

/OC&@ T ? ) >B)/>LE@* T >B)/>B[[EC* *SX

X

else

W

/OC&@ ? V) >B)/>LE@* T >B)/>B[[EC* *S

XX

ATmega328

PD0$ PD%

VTG= +5V

0

1

PD2

PD3


54/55

(ummar$

@ata direction nut is de"ault; but o#a$ to set exlictl$

Outut

%rduino st$le< inMode) pin_no, mode* %lternate< (et bits in @@Cx

/ullAu resistors

/in must be an inut %rduino st$le< digital8rite) pin_no, state*

%lternate st$le< (et bits in /OC&x


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(ummar$; cont.

Cead digital state o" a in %rduino st$le< digitalCead) pin_no*

/ortAst$le< need to "orm a bit mas# and use it

to singleAout t!e bit o" interest 8rite to a in )assuming it is an outut*

%rduino st$le< digital8rite) pin_no, state*

/ortAst$le< use a bit mas# and bitmaniulation tec!niDues to set or clear onl$

t!e bits o" interest

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