ArcView Training - 7-15-2011
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Transcript of ArcView Training - 7-15-2011
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ArcGIS 9.3.1
Basic Concepts
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Technology makes life easier.
Disclaimer
• The following presentation is not endorsed by any creature, human or otherwise, living or dead.
• The presenter is barely qualified to tie his own shoe.
• If the following presentation causes you any grief, now or later, the presenter will provide you with a full refund.
• By watching this presentation you hereby forfeit any right to criticize the presenter or the presentation.
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Mappers used to have a fancier name.
Part 1
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Cartographers: (n)People who make maps.
Landmen: (n)People who like to look at maps.
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• ArcGIS is very complex.• Luckily, a landman doesn’t
need to know as much about ArcGIS as a mapper.
• Nevertheless, a modern landman should be comfortable using ArcGIS.
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Technophobia
Part 2
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A
B
Lumberjack
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A
B
Farmer
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Landman
A
B
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Technology makes life easier.
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The secret life of data
Part 3
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What is data?• Abstractions, or simplified
descriptions, of reality.
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Types of data• Qualitative
– Color, shape• Quantitative
– Number, height, weight, length
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Geographical data• Cartesian Coordinates, Lat./Long.,
physical address
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Communicating data• The same data can be
expressed in different ways.• The clear communication of
data is as important as the data itself.
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101
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Base Ten Binary
0 01 1
2 103 114 1005 1016 110
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Conclusion:• The “best” way to display data
depends on the end user’s needs.• ArcGIS is a database
management system that allows users to capture, display, and analyze data in multiple ways.
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What the heck is a database anyways?
Part 4
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Database:• A database is simply a
collection of data.
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Simplest database• Flat database
– A table, array, or list• 2-dimensional array
–Rows and columns–Rows contain “records” –Columns contain similar data
about each record• Excel spreadsheet
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Database Management System (DBMS):
• A DBMS is a collection of data and routines to perform operations on that data.
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Example database operations• Query• Sort• Statistical operations• Joins and relates
– Primary key– Called an FID in ArcGIS
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Junk in, junk out• A collection of unorganized,
unrelated data, is practically useless.
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Relational Database• A collection of data grouped by
common attributes.– Example: All the oil and gas leases
in Karnes County covering more than 500 net acres.
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Multi-table Relational Database
Units
1
2
3
4
5
6
Leases
1
2
3
4
5
6
Wells
1
2
3
4
5
6
Surface Tracts
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Relates
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Joins
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ArcGIS can display the same data in more than one way
• Maps• Tables• Reports
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Lease
Provisions
Thematic Map
Table
Report
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Summary:• ArcGIS is a relational database
management system that allows users to capture, display, and analyze data in multiple ways.
• Its strength is in dealing with data related to specific positions in space, called georeferenced data.
• Georeferenced data– Data associated with a specific place on
earth.
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Georeferenced data
Part 5
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Georeferencing: • The science of showing the relationship
between data and its position on earth.• We accomplish this by using a
coordinate system.– Data + coordinates = georeferenced data
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Elements of a coordinate system–Ellipsoid, datum, projection,
units.
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Ellipsoid• A good enough model of the earth.• There’s more than one model.• Provides us with a frame of reference in which to
locate features on Earth.
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Datum• A set of benchmarks from which
measurements on Earth are made.• Global datum
– NAD 83– WGS 84 (GPS)
• Local datum– NAD 27– Meades Ranch, KS
• Differences in accuracy
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Local datums
Not Good Better Even Better
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Projection• How to get a 3D Earth onto 2D paper.• Distortions
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Units• Feet or meters.
– NAD 27 is typically in feet– Global datums are typically in meters
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NAD 27, Texas South Central (4204), feet
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Re-projecting layers• If you combine map layers created
with different coordinate systems, they will not line-up.
• ArcGIS re-projects layers on the fly.
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Conclusion:• A coordinate system allows us to
relate data to places on Earth using a commonly accepted system of location.
• This georeferenced data can be stored, analyzed, and communicated in a concise, efficient manner.
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All this talk about layers
Part 6
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ArcMap supports layering
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Units
1
2
3
4
5
6
Leases
1
2
3
4
5
6
Wells
1
2
3
4
5
6
Surface Tracts
1
2
3
4
5
6
Map layers are a depiction of the multiple tables in a map
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Map layers• Vector
– ESRI shapefiles• Geometric shapes: Points, lines,
polygons, polylines• Raster
–Aerial photographs
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ESRI shapefiles• 6 different files combine to make a shapefile
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Shapefile parts• Geometry (.shp)
–Points, lines, polygons, polylines• Attributes (.dbf)
–Tabular data• Projection (.prj)
–Coordinates
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Attributes (.dbf)• The data behind the shapes• Can be exported to a dbase file, which can be opened in Excel.
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Raster data• Aerial photos must be georeferenced and in the same projection
as the other map layers
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Getting started with ArcGIS
Part 7
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ArcGIS is a combination of programs• ArcCatalog
–Manage layers and sources–Create new, empty layers
• ArcMap–View and edit data
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Menu barTool bar
File tree
Contents pane
ArcCatalog
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Menu barTool bar
Table of Contents
Drawing toolbar
Display area
ArcMap
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Maps
Data Frames
Layers
Map Features
Maps contain Data Frames.
Data Frames contain Layers.
Layers contain Map Features.
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Each geometric, or vector, map feature in a layer also has a record in the attribute table for that layer.
Primary Key
Lease layer Lease attribute table
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Static data– Layers saved to your
desktop
Dynamic data– ArcSDE
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ArcSDE• How to provide map data on a multi-user system.• SDE layers live on a server. They can only be edited
by users with editing rights.