Arches of the footArches of the foot11 - -Medial Longitudinal archMedial Longitudinal arch..

22 - -Lateral longitudinal archLateral longitudinal arch..

33 - -Transverse archTransverse arch..

The Medial Longitudinal ArchThe Medial Longitudinal ArchPosterior Pillar:Posterior Pillar: CalcaneusCalcaneus

Top:Top: Talus Talus

Anterior pillar:Anterior pillar: Navicular, 3 cuniforms, med. 3 metatarsals Navicular, 3 cuniforms, med. 3 metatarsals..

Functions:Functions: 1- Distribution of body weight 1- Distribution of body weight,,

22 - -Protection of soft structuresProtection of soft structures,,

33 - -Shock absorptionShock absorption..

44 - -Elastic propulsion during walking or runningElastic propulsion during walking or running

The Medial Longitudinal Arch (cont.)The Medial Longitudinal Arch (cont.)Factors keeping med. Long. ArchFactors keeping med. Long. Arch::

11 . .Ligaments:Ligaments: Spring lig., deltoid ligSpring lig., deltoid lig ,. ,.

plantar aponeurosisplantar aponeurosis,,

interosseous ligsinterosseous ligs ,. ,.

long & short plantar ligslong & short plantar ligs..

22 . .Muscles:Muscles: Tibialis post., tibialis antTibialis post., tibialis ant,.,.

flexor hallucis longusflexor hallucis longus , ,

flexor digitorum longusflexor digitorum longus , ,

short muscles of the big toeshort muscles of the big toe..

33 . .Bony factor:Bony factor: The shape and constitutionThe shape and constitution

of the bones keep the foot inof the bones keep the foot in

the arching positionthe arching position..

The Lateral Longitudinal ArchThe Lateral Longitudinal ArchPosterior Pillar:Posterior Pillar: CalcaneusCalcaneus

TopTop ------ : ------ :

Anterior pillar:Anterior pillar: Cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsalsCuboid, lateral 2 metatarsals..

Function:Function: 1- Distribution of body weight 1- Distribution of body weight,,

22 - -Protection of soft structuresProtection of soft structures,,

33 - -Shock absorptionShock absorption..

44 - -Support the body weight during standingSupport the body weight during standing..

The Lateral Longitudinal Arch (cont.)The Lateral Longitudinal Arch (cont.)Factors keeping lat. Long. ArchFactors keeping lat. Long. Arch::

11 . .Ligaments:Ligaments: plantar aponeurosisplantar aponeurosis,,

interosseous ligsinterosseous ligs ,. ,.

long & short plantar ligslong & short plantar ligs..

22 . .Muscles:Muscles: Peroneus longus & brevisPeroneus longus & brevis..

Flexor digitorum longusFlexor digitorum longus..

Short muscles of the littleShort muscles of the little

toetoe..

33 . .Bony factorBony factor:: The shape andThe shape and

constitution of theconstitution of the

bones keep the footbones keep the foot

in the arching positionin the arching position

The Transverse ArchThe Transverse ArchFormed byFormed by:: 1- Bases of the metatarsal bones1- Bases of the metatarsal bones

22 - -Cuboid 3- The 3 cuniforms. (incomplete Cuboid 3- The 3 cuniforms. (incomplete arch)arch)

Factors keeping the Transverse ArchFactors keeping the Transverse Arch::1.1. Bony Factor:Bony Factor: Intermediate and Intermediate and lateral cuniformslateral cuniforms are wedge- shapedare wedge- shaped..

22 . .LigamentsLigaments:: Deep transverse lig. Deep transverse lig.

interosseous ligs. interosseous ligs. (dorsal and (dorsal and planter)planter)

33 . .MusclesMuscles:: - Peroneus longus & - Peroneus longus &

brevisbrevis,, - -Transverse head ofTransverse head of

adductor hallucisadductor hallucis,, - Slips of tibialis- Slips of tibialis posterior posterior

AnomaliesAnomalies::11 - -Flat foot (pes planus):Flat foot (pes planus): Rotatation of the calcaneus ----Rotatation of the calcaneus ----

► evertion of the plantar surface, slipping down of the talus ► evertion of the plantar surface, slipping down of the talus and navicular -----► and navicular -----► lenthening of the medial longitudinal lenthening of the medial longitudinal arch arch and abduction of the forefoot and abduction of the forefoot..

Cause:Cause: Excess weight on the medial side of the foot due to Excess weight on the medial side of the foot due to malalignment of bones, relaxation of ligaments, or malalignment of bones, relaxation of ligaments, or

muscular imbalance muscular imbalance..

22 - -Talipes equinovarus:Talipes equinovarus: Plantar flexion, inversion, and Plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction of the foot adduction of the foot..

33 - -Talipes calcaneovulgus:Talipes calcaneovulgus: Dorsiflexion, eversion, and Dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction abduction4- 4- Sprain:Sprain: Tear of the ligaments of the ankle ---►severe Tear of the ligaments of the ankle ---►severe

disability disability