Arches of the foot1 -Medial Longitudinal arch.

2 -Lateral longitudinal arch.

3 -Transverse arch.

The Medial Longitudinal ArchPosterior Pillar: Calcaneus

Top: Talus

Anterior pillar: Navicular, 3 cuniforms, med. 3 metatarsals.

Functions: 1- Distribution of body weight,

2 -Protection of soft structures,

3 -Shock absorption.

4 -Elastic propulsion during walking or running

The Medial Longitudinal Arch (cont.)Factors keeping med. Long. Arch:

1 .Ligaments: Spring lig., deltoid lig ,.

plantar aponeurosis,

interosseous ligs ,.

long & short plantar ligs.

2 .Muscles: Tibialis post., tibialis ant,.

flexor hallucis longus ,

flexor digitorum longus ,

short muscles of the big toe.

3 .Bony factor: The shape and constitution

of the bones keep the foot in

the arching position.

The Lateral Longitudinal ArchPosterior Pillar: Calcaneus

Top ------ :

Anterior pillar: Cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsals.

Function: 1- Distribution of body weight,

2 -Protection of soft structures,

3 -Shock absorption.

4 -Support the body weight during standing.

The Lateral Longitudinal Arch (cont.)Factors keeping lat. Long. Arch:

1 .Ligaments: plantar aponeurosis,

interosseous ligs ,.

long & short plantar ligs.

2 .Muscles: Peroneus longus & brevis.

Flexor digitorum longus.

Short muscles of the little

toe.

3 .Bony factor: The shape and

constitution of the

bones keep the foot

in the arching position

The Transverse ArchFormed by: 1- Bases of the metatarsal bones

2 -Cuboid 3- The 3 cuniforms. (incomplete arch)

Factors keeping the Transverse Arch:1. Bony Factor: Intermediate and lateral cuniforms are wedge- shaped.

2 .Ligaments: Deep transverse lig.

interosseous ligs. (dorsal and planter)

3 .Muscles: - Peroneus longus &

brevis, -Transverse head of

adductor hallucis, - Slips of tibialis posterior

Anomalies:1 -Flat foot (pes planus): Rotatation of the calcaneus ----►

evertion of the plantar surface, slipping down of the talus and navicular -----► lenthening of the medial longitudinal arch and abduction of the forefoot.

Cause: Excess weight on the medial side of the foot due to malalignment of bones, relaxation of ligaments, or

muscular imbalance.

2 -Talipes equinovarus: Plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction of the foot.

3 -Talipes calcaneovulgus: Dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction4- Sprain: Tear of the ligaments of the ankle ---►severe

disability