Allied Biological, Inc. 580 Rockport Road, Hackettstown, NJ 07840

ph (908) 850-0303 fax (908) 850-4994

AQUATIC MACROPHYTE SURVEY JULY 24, 2013

LAKE WACCABUC LEWISBORO, NY

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I. Introduction

On July 24, 2013 Allied Biological, Inc. conducted a detailed aquatic macrophyte survey utilizing the Point Intercept Method (PIM) at Lake Waccabuc (The Three Lakes) located in South Salem, New York (Westchester County). The weather was suitable on the day of sampling, so the survey was conducted in a single day in slightly more than eight hours of on-the-water time. This reduction in time was due to the fact we had an extra biologist on board to process the weed anchor tosses more efficiently. This survey is essential in order to determine the aquatic macrophytes that comprise the lake’s submersed and floating macrophyte community and their relative abundance and distribution throughout the littoral zone. Lake Waccabuc is a 138 surface acre lake with a maximum depth of 44 feet. The littoral zone (defined as less than 15 feet deep) is restricted to the shoreline, the East and West ends of the lake, plus three coves. These are the North Cove (the largest), the Northeast Cove, and the South Outlet Cove. A canal connects Lake Waccabuc to Lake Oscaleta, and it too was surveyed, up to Oscaleta Road. Sediment type varies throughout the basin, but generally with softer organic-rich mud at the East end of the lake, and to an extent in the other coves to sandy sediment with medium to large rocks scattered about the remaining littoral zone. There are several reasons for conducting this detailed Point Intercept survey at Lake Waccabuc this year. First, similar surveys were conducted at this site in 2008 and 2010 through 2012. Since similar sampling procedures and sampling locations were utilized, a direct comparison of all the data sets is achievable. This is important to determine the changes in the submersed and floating macrophyte communities over time. This is especially important with regard to the invasive species that inhabit Lake Waccabuc. In 2008, Brazilian elodea was identified in the North Cove during the survey. In 2009, aggressive control efforts were employed in the North Cove to eradicate this invasive macrophyte, including suction harvesting and hand pulling. In 2010, Brazilian elodea was collected at one site, located outside of the North Cove, situated near the island. Divers were dispatched to this site following the survey. A rooted patch of Brazilian elodea (approximately six feet in diameter) was located and hand-pulled. Based on the presence of this aggressive invasive outside of the North Cove, one must assume it could have spread to other locations in the littoral zone of the main basin. Therefore, the survey was repeated to identify any additional isolated infestations of Brazilian elodea. Since the main goal of the 2013 survey was locating new infestations of Brazilian elodea, three weed anchor tosses per site were conducted (similar to 2011 and 2012), to increase the chance of discovering the target plant, or any other RTE species. The same 120 sites that were sampled in 2011 and 2012 were once again sampled this year. In addition, the access area was visually inspected, as well as the shallow coves and around the island (via walking in the shallows) as an added precaution. Table #1, below, summarizes the aquatic macrophytes collected or observed during the 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 surveys at Lake Waccabuc. An “X” in the column indicates the macrophyte was collected/observed in that year. A red “X” indicates an invasive species. The last column (labeled “change”) indicates whether the macrophyte in

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question increased (+), or decreased (-) in abundance from 2012 to 2013. If plant abundance was similar both years, it is indicated by 0%. The Appendix of this report contains bar graphs depicting the percent abundance data for each macrophyte for all five sampling years. The overall bar represents the total frequency of the macrophytes occurrence for each respective sample year. The total bar is then divided by different colors, indicating a breakdown of the four measured densities (trace, sparse, medium and dense). If a color is not present, that macrophyte did not occur at that density. By examining these graphs, the change in macrophyte percent occurrence and abundance can be discerned between the all sample years. Keep in mind; nuisance density growth of macrophytes for management purposes is typically considered medium and dense density. Table 1 Lake Waccabuc 2008 through 2013 Aquatic Macrophyte Summary

Aquatic Macrophyte Scientific Name 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 Change Arrowhead (rosette) Sagittaria sp. X X X X X 0% Bass Weed Potamogeton amplifolius X X X X X -1% Benthic filamentous Algae X X X X X -1% Brazilian Elodea Egeria densa X X 0% Brittle Naiad Najas minor X X X +3% Common Watermeal Wolffia columbiana X X -2% Common Waterweed Elodea canadensis X X X X X -1% Coontail Ceratophyllum demersum X X X X X -1% Creeping Bladderwort Utricularia gibba X X X X X +6% Curly-leaf Pondweed Potamogeton crispus X X X +4% Dwarf Water Milfoil Myriophyllum tenellum X X X X X -2% Eurasian Water Milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum X X X X X +10% Flat-stem Pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis X 0% Floating Filamentous Algae X X X X X +17% Great Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza X X -1% Leafy Pondweed Potamogeton foliosus X X X X X -5% Ribbon-leaf Pondweed Potamogeton epihydrus X X X X 0% Robbin’s Pondweed Potamogeton robbinsii X X X X X -3% Slender Naiad Najas flexilis X 0% Small Duckweed Lemna minor X X X -2% Spatterdock Nuphar variegata X X X X X +2% Spiral-fruited Pondweed Potamogeton spirillus X X X X X +8% Water Stargrass Zosterella dubia X X X X +1% Watermoss Fontinalis sp. X X +1% Watershield Brasenia schreberi X X X X X -2% White Water Lily Nymphaea odorata X X X X X +2%

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II. Procedures

In 2013, the same sample locations were utilized as 2012. Since the primary goal of this survey was to locate any Brazilian elodea, additional sites were added to high risk areas (the coves and around the island) in 2010. It should also be noted that deeper water areas (total depth greater than 15 feet) are generally not surveyed due to the lack of aquatic macrophyte growth caused by poor light penetration. The sample locations are depicted on a map in the Appendix of this report.

The survey boat is piloted to the first sample location, using the 2010-logged GPS coordinates, loaded on a Trimble GeoXH 2008 series handheld GPS unit (sub-meter accuracy). The water depth was also measured, using a boat-mounted depth finder, a handheld depth gun (HawkEye digital sonar system, or equivalent), or a calibrated metal pole, as appropriate to the conditions. The water depth is recorded on a field log (and confirmed with 2010 data), and is depicted on a map. Any other pertinent field notes regarding the sample location (or habitat) are also recorded on a field log, such as additional macrophyte species observed but not collected on weed anchor tosses, or nuisance macrophytes at the surface. Next, a weed anchor attached to a 10 meter-long piece of rope is tossed from a random side of the boat. It is important to toss the weed anchor the full 10 meters (a loop at the end of the rope is attached to the boat to prevent losing the anchor). The weed anchor is slowly retrieved along the bottom, and carefully hoisted into the boat. To determine the overall submersed vegetation amount, the weed mass is assigned one of five densities, based on semi-quantitative metrics developed by Cornell University (Lord, et al, 2005). These densities are: No Plants (empty anchor), Trace (one or two stems per anchor, or the amount that can be held between two fingers), Sparse (three to 10 stems, but lightly covering the anchor, or about a handful), Medium (more than 10 stems, and covering all the tines of the anchor), or Dense (entire anchor full of stems, and one has trouble getting the mass into the boat). See the Appendix of this report for pictures of these representative densities. These densities are abbreviated in the field notes as 0, T, S, M, and D. Next the submersed weed mass is sorted by Genus (or species if possible) and one of the five densities (as described above) is assigned to each Genus. Finally, overall floating macrophyte density within a 10 meter diameter of the survey boat is assigned a density, as well as an estimated density for each separate Genus (or species) observed. This data is recorded in the field notes. This procedure is then repeated for the remaining sample points. The survey conducted at Lake Waccabuc in 2013 utilized three anchor tosses per site. The tosses were conducted from opposite sides of the boat and labeled Toss A, Toss B, and Toss C, respectively. The data for all three tosses are included on Table #2, in the Appendix. Each density was assigned a numeric value: 0 for no plants, 1 for trace, 2 for sparse, 3 for medium, and 4 for dense plants. The mean of these three values for all tosses (rounded up) are also displayed on Table #2. These mean values were used to assign overall densities, as depicted on the distribution maps in the Appendix. For example, if toss A was medium density (3), toss B was sparse (2), and toss C was trace density (1) for the same macrophyte, the mean density would be sparse (3+2+1=6/3=2). Although using three tosses is ideal for

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detecting the presence of many different aquatic macrophytes, these procedures and associated calculations tend to decrease the overall abundance per site. Therefore, very few sites will be classified as dense. The 2008 through 2012 percent abundance bar graphs depict this trend. However, as stated above, the primary goal of the survey was to locate patches of Brazilian elodea (or other invasive macrophytes), even at the cost of generating a data set that might not be ideally comparable to the 2008 and 2010 data. A sample of each different macrophyte is collected and placed in a bottle with a letter or number code (A, B, 1, 2, etc.). If possible, these samples should include both submersed and floating leaves (if any), seeds, and flowers (if present), to facilitate identification. These bottles are placed in a cooler stocked with blue-ice packs or ice, and returned to Allied Biological’s lab for positive identification and photographing. Regionally appropriate taxonomic keys (see the list in section VII) were used to identify the aquatic macrophytes.

The weed anchor used for aquatic macrophyte surveys has a specific design. It is constructed with two 13.5 inch wide metal garden rakes attached back to back with several hose clamps. The wooden handles are removed and a 10 meter-long nylon rope is attached to the rake heads.

III. Macrophyte Summary

The following aquatic macrophytes were observed at Lake Waccabuc during the July, 2013 aquatic macrophyte survey. A few additional macrophytes were observed during the survey (but not collected via anchor toss), as discussed at the end of this section. The data and maps are located in the Appendix of this report. The respective macrophyte percent abundance data are summarized on Table #1, while Table #2 summarizes the distribution data for each species collected. In addition, the distribution of each individual macrophyte is depicted on separate maps, organized according to most common occurrence to least common occurrence, and divided by submersed and floating types. Below is a short description of each macrophyte collected or observed, and a picture. Unless otherwise noted, all pictures of macrophytes represent the actual plants collected or observed at Lake Waccabuc either taken in the field, or from samples returned to Allied Biological’s laboratory. These descriptions are presented in alphabetical order.

Arrowhead (Submersed Rosette) (Sagittaria sp. Common Name: Arrowhead. Native.): This plant is the submersed rosette of a species of arrowhead. The submersed rosette lacks both flowers and seeds, so further identification is usually not possible. However, when the submersed rosette form is found, lake edges are usually inhabited by emergent arrowhead plants of similar species. Arrowhead has emergent leaves, and usually inhabits shallow waters at pond or lake edges, or along sluggish streams. It

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can tolerate a wide variety of sediment types and pH ranges. Arrowhead is very suitable for constructed wetland development due to its tolerance of habitats, and ability to act as a nutrient sink for phosphorous. Typical arrowhead reproduction is via rhizomes and tubers although seed production is possible if conditions are ideal. Arrowhead has high wildlife value, providing high-energy food sources for waterfowl, muskrats and beavers. Arrowhead beds provide suitable shelter and forage opportunities for juvenile fish as well. Bass Weed (Potamogeton amplifolius. Common Names: Large-leaf Pondweed, Bass Weed, Musky Weed. Native.): Bass weed has robust stems that originate from black-scaled rhizomes. The submersed leaves of bass weed are among the broadest in the region. The submersed leaves are arched and slightly folded, attached to stems via stalks, and possess many (25-37) veins. Oval floating leaves, also with numerous veins, are produced on long stalks (ranging from 8-30 cm in length). Stipules are large (up to 12 cm long), free and taper to a sharp point. Flowers are produced by midsummer, (and fruit, later in the season) densely packed onto a spike. The fruit have three low ridges on its surface. Bass weed prefers soft sediments in water one to four meters deep. This plant is sensitive to increased turbidity and also has difficulty recovering from top-cutting, from such devices as boat propellers and aquatic plant harvesters. As its name implies, the broad leaves of this submersed plant provides abundant shade, shelter and foraging opportunities for fish. The high numbers of nutlets produced per plant make it an excellent waterfowl food source. Studies have demonstrated that bass weed can be established in littoral areas via stem clippings if growing conditions are ideal.

Benthic or Floating Filamentous Algae: Filamentous algae is a chain or series of similar algae cells arranged in an end to end manner. Benthic filamentous algae is attached to a hard substrate, such as logs, rocks, a lake bottom, or even other aquatic plants. When growing in heavy densities, benthic filamentous algae can appear as brown or green mats of vegetation that can reach the surface. When large pieces break off the bottom substrate, they become floating filamentous

algae patches. Benthic and floating filamentous algae can comprise an entire range of morphologies, but flagellated taxa are far less common. Typically, green algae and blue-green algae groups are represented by macroscopic filamentous algae.

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Brazilian Elodea (Egeria densa. Common Names: Egeria, Anacharis, Brazilian waterweed. Exotic, Aggressive, Invasive.): Brazilian elodea is an aggressive exotic invasive submersed plant that originated from South America. It was introduced via the aquarium hobby trade, and is a top selling plant used as an oxygenator. The stems can be several meters long, and the strap-like leaves are situated in whorls of three to six, but usually four. The leaves are finely serrated, and are tightly packed together

near the end of the stem. Brazilian elodea can be rooted or free floating, and due to its highly branching and buoyant nature, most of its biomass occurs at or near the surface. Submersed plants can quickly reach nuisance densities, crowding out native vegetation and floating mats can block light penetration needed for lower growing native submersed plants. Although it can be confused with Hydrilla, another invasive submersed plant, its lack of tuber production and leaf structure differentiates it. Although it can produce white flowers, it reproduces vegetatively in the United States. Two adventitious roots can be seen in the picture to the left. Waterfowl consume Brazilian elodea, and fish and invertebrates uses the stems for refuge and habitat. Brittle Naiad (Najas minor. Common Names: brittle water nymph, European naiad. Exotic, Invasive): Brittle naiad is a submersed annual that flowers in August to October. It resembles other naiads, except its leaves (usually less than 3.5 cm long) are highly toothed with 6-15 spinules on each side of the leaf, visible without the aid of magnification. The leaves are opposite, simple, thread-like, and usually lime-green in color, often with a “brittle” feel to them. Brittle naiad fruit are narrow, slightly curved, and marked with 10-18 longitudinal ribs, resembling a ladder. Often the fruits are purplish in color. Although it can reproduce via fragmentation, its primary mode of reproduction is seed production. Brittle naiad has been introduced from Europe in the early 1900’s, and can be found in most of the northeastern states. Brittle naiad can occur in water as deep as five meters, and although it prefers sandy and gravel substrates, it can tolerate a wide range of bottom types. It’s tolerant of turbid and eutrophic conditions. Waterfowl graze on the fruit.

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Common Watermeal (Wolffia columbiana. Common Names: common watermeal, watermeal. Native.): Common watermeal appears as pale green globes of vegetative matter without roots, stems or true leaves. It’s one of the world’s smallest flowering plants, but flowers are rarely found and require magnification to see. Common watermeal usually reproduces by budding. Common watermeal is typically found on the surface, intermingled with duckweeds. It drifts with the water’s current or wind, and therefore it

grows independent of water depth, clarity or sediment type. In the fall it produces winter buds that sink to the bottom. In the spring, the buds become buoyant and float to the surface. Waterfowl, fish, and muskrats all include common watermeal in their diets. Common Waterweed (Elodea canadensis: Common Names: Elodea, common waterweed. Native.): Common waterweed has slender stems that can reach a meter or more in length, and a shallow root system. The stem is adorned with lance-like leaves that are attached directly to the stalk that tend to congregate near the stem tip. The leaves occur in whorls of three (or occasionally two). The leaves are populated by a variety of aquatic invertebrates. Male and female flowers occur on separate plants, but it can also reproduce via stem fragmentation. Common waterweed overwinters as an evergreen plant, and primarily reproduces via fragmentation. Its resistance to disease and tolerance of low-light conditions grant it a competitive advantage. Although common waterweed is considered a desirable native plant, it can reach nuisance levels, creating dense mats that can obstruct fish movement, and the operation of boat motors.

Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum. Common Names: coontail, hornwort. Native.): Coontail has long trailing stems that lack true roots, although it can become loosely anchored to sediment by modified stems. The lack of a true root system can have an affect its distribution in a lake basin, due to prevailing winds, water currents, and boat movement. The leaves are stiff, and arranged in whorls of five to 12 at each node. Each leaf is forked once or twice, and has teeth along the margins. The whorls of leaves are spaced closer at the

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end of the stem, creating a raccoon tail appearance. Coontail is tolerant of low light conditions, and since it is not rooted, it can drift into different depth zones. Coontail can also tolerate cool water and can overwinter as an evergreen plant under the ice. Typically, it reproduces via fragmentation. Bushy stems of coontail provide valuable habitat for invertebrates and fish (especially during winter), and the leaves are grazed on by waterfowl. Although considered a desirable native plant, it can reach nuisance density at the surface of a lake.

Creeping Bladderwort (Utricularia gibba. Common Names: creeping bladderwort, humped bladderwort, cone-spur bladderwort. Native.). Creeping bladderwort is a small (usually less than 10 cm long), delicate, free-floating stem. It often forms tangled mats in quiet shallow waters, often associated with bogs, or stranded on soil. It is sometimes mistaken for algae. It has short side braches that fork once or twice, a defining characteristic. Small bladders, used to capture live prey, are situated on these side branches, but they

are few in number when compared to other bladderworts. Small yellow snap-dragon-like flowers are produced on a short stalk, typically developing in early summer, yet persisting for several weeks. Mats of creeping bladderwort offer limited cover and foraging opportunities for fish. Curly-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus. Common Name: curly-leaf pondweed. Aggressive, Invasive, Exotic.): Curly-leaf pondweed is native to Europe, but was introduced to North America in the mid-1800’s. This invader is very common in the northeast, and its range now includes most of the USA. Curly-leaf pondweed has spaghetti-like stems that often reach the surface by mid-June (up to four meters long). Its submersed leaves are oblong, and attached directly to the stem in an alternate pattern. The margins of the leaves are wavy and finely serrated, hence its name. No floating leaves are produced. Stipules are fused to the base of the stem, but disintegrate early in the season. Curly-leaf pondweed can tolerate turbid water conditions better than most other macrophytes, giving it a competitive advantage over most desirable native plants. In late summer, curly-leaf pondweed enters its summer dormancy stage. It naturally dies off (often creating a sudden loss of habitat and releasing nutrients into the water to fuel algae growth) and produces vegetative buds called turions. These turions germinate when the water gets cooler in the autumn and give way to a winter growth form that allows it to thrive under ice and snow cover, providing habitat for fish and invertebrates.

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Dwarf Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum tenellum. Common Name: Dwarf water milfoil. Native.): Dwarf milfoil, which does not look anything like other milfoil species, has slender unbranched stems ranging from 2 cm to 15 cm in height. The leaves are reduced to scales or “bumps”. If the tips rise out of the water, they are capable of producing pale flowers and nut-like fruits (produced in late summer). These flowers are then wind pollinated. The toothpick-like stems arise from rhizomes in a chain. Dwarf milfoil is small and delicate, often overlooked even when visible in the shallows. It prefers sandy bottoms in water up to four meters deep, but typically only a few inches deep. Dwarf water milfoil provides suitable spawning habitat for panfish and adequate shelter for small invertebrates. The dense tufts of rhizome networks are ideal to stabilize bottom sediments.

Eurasian Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum. Common Names: Asian water milfoil. Aggressive, Exotic, Invasive.): Eurasian water milfoil has long (two to four meters long) spaghetti-like stems that grow from submerged rhizomes. The stems often branch repeatedly at the water’s surface creating a canopy that can shade out other vegetation, and obstruct recreation and boat navigation. Low light conditions and high surface water temperatures promote canopy formation. The leaves

are arranged in whorls of four to five, often spread out along the stem one to three centimeters apart. The leaves are divided like a feather, resembling the bones on a fish spine, typically with 14 to 20 pairs. Eurasian water milfoil is an exotic, originating in Europe and Asia, but its range now includes most of the United States. It’s ability to grow in cool water and at low light conditions gives it an early season advantage over other native submersed plants. It can grow in water up to 15 feet deep, and prefers fine-textured inorganic sediments. In addition to reproducing via fruit production, it can also reproduce via fragmentation. It does not produce winter buds, and can persist under the ice as an evergreen plant. Waterfowl graze on Eurasian water milfoil, and its vegetation provides substandard habitat for invertebrates. However, studies have determined mixed beds of native pondweeds and wild celery can support more abundant and diverse invertebrate populations.

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Great Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza. Common Names: Great duckweed, large duckweed. Native.). Great duckweed is the largest of the duckweeds, but it is still very small compared to other aquatic macrophytes. It has simple flattened fronds with irregular oval shapes, often up to 1 cm in length and 2.5 to 8.0 mm long. The frond surface is usually green with a conspicuous purple dot. The underside of the frond is magenta with a cluster of 5-12 roots that dangle into the water. Indeed, peering at

great duckweed from under the water grants it the appearance a tiny jellyfish. Although great duckweed produces flowers, it usually reproduces via budding, and like other duckweeds, it is capable of rapid growth. It often occurs with other duckweeds, and since it is free floating, it can be moved via the wind or water currents. It derives its nutrients from the water column and often occurs in eutrophic systems. It’s an excellent food source for waterfowl, and is also used by muskrat and fish. The dense mats offer shade and cover for fish. Leafy Pondweed (Potamogeton foliosus: Common Name: leafy pondweed. Native.): Leafy pondweed has freely branched stems that hold slender submersed leaves that become slightly narrower as they approach the stem. The leaf contains three to five veins, typically flanked by one to two rows of hollow (lacunae) cells. The leaves often taper to a point. Stipules are membranous and free from the stems in mature plants, but wrap around the stem in developing plants. No floating leaves are produced. It produces early season abundant fruits in tight clusters on short stalks in the leaf axils. The seeds are flattened with a dorsal wavy ridge and a short beak. These early season fruits are often the first grazed upon by waterfowl during the season. Muskrat, beaver, deer and even moose also graze on the fruit. It inhabits a wide range of habitats, but usually prefers shallow water and softer sediments. In ideal habitats, it can reach nuisance densities. It has a high tolerance for eutrophic conditions, allowing it to even colonize secondary water treatment ponds.

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Ribbon-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton epihydrus: Common Name: ribbon-leaf pondweed. Native.): Ribbon-leaf pondweed has flattened stems and two types of leaves. The submersed leaves are alternate on the stem, lack a leaf stalk, and are long tape-like in shape. Each leaf, which can reach lengths up to 20 cm long, has a prominent stripe of pale green hollow cells flanking the midvein, and 5 to 13 other veins. Stipules are not fused to the leaf. Floating leaves are egg or ellipse-shaped and supported by a leaf stalk about as long as the leaf itself. Fruiting stalks are located at the top of the stem and packed with flattened disk-shaped fruits. It is typically found growing in low alkalinity environments, and in a variety of substrates. Seeds are highly sought after by all manner of waterfowl, and the plant is grazed on by muskrat, deer, beaver and moose. The ribbon-like leaves are often colonized by invertebrates, and offer foraging opportunities for fish and frogs.

Robbin’s Pondweed (Potamogeton robbinsii. Common Name: Fern Pondweed. Native.). Robbin’s pondweed has robust stems that emerge from spreading rhizomes. The rhizomes can be tightly spaced, creating a carpet of Robbin’s pondweed that possibly could inhibit other submersed plants from becoming established. The leaves are strongly ranked creating a fern-like appearance most clearly seen while still submerged, yet still evident when out of the water. Its distinct closely-spaced fern-like

leaves give it a unique appearance among the pondweeds of our region. Each leaf is firm and linear, with a base that wraps around the stem with ear-like lobes fused with a fibrous stipule. No floating leaves are produced. Whorls of flowers can be produced, but fruit rarely is produced. Robbin’s pondweed thrives in deeper water, often inhabiting a thin margin at the edge of the littoral zone, beyond most other submersed plants. Under some circumstances, portions of Robbin’s pondweed can over winter green. Robbins pondweed creates suitable invertebrate habitat, and cover for lie-in-wait predaceous fish, such as pickerel and pike. Slender Naiad (Najas flexilis: Common Names: water nymph, northern water nymph, slender naiad, bushy pondweed. Native.): Slender naiad has fine-branched stems that can taper to lengths of one meter, originating from delicate rootstalks. Plant shape can vary based on environmental conditions; from compact and bushy, to

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long and trailing slender stems, depending on growing conditions. The leaves are short (1-4 cm long) and taper to a point with very fine serrations (actually minute spines) that are often only visible under a microscope. The leaves broaden gently where they meet the stem. It is a prolific seed producer, generating seeds with faint pits longer than wide. It is found in a variety of habitats, and can colonize sandy or gravelly substrates. Slender naiad typically does not reach nuisance density, due to its low-growing structure in all but the shallowest of waters. It is a true annual, and dies off in the fall, relying on seed dispersal to return the next year. Stems, seeds and leaves are important food sources for waterfowl, marsh birds, and even muskrats.

Small Duckweed (Lemna minor. Common Names: Small duckweed, water lentil, lesser duckweed. Native.). Small duckweed is a free floating plant, with round to oval-shaped leaf bodies typically referred to as fronds. The fronds are small (typically less than 0.5 cm in diameter), and it can occur in large densities that can create a dense mat on the water’s surface. Each frond contains three faint nerves, a single root (a characteristic used to distinguish it from other duckweeds), and no stem. Although it can produce flowers, it usually reproduces via budding at a tremendous rate. Its population can

double in three to five days. Since it is free floating, it drifts with the wind or water current, and is often found intermixed with other duckweeds. Since it’s not attached to the sediment, it derives nutrients directly from the water, and is often associated with eutrophic conditions. It over-winters by producing turions late in the season. Small duckweed is extremely nutritious and can provide up to 90% of the dietary needs for waterfowl. It’s also consumed by muskrat, beaver and fish, and dense mats of duckweed can actually inhibit mosquito breeding. Spatterdock (Nuphar vareigata. Common Name: Yellow pond lily, bullhead pond lily, spatterdock. Native.): Spatterdock leaf stalks emerge directly from a robust submerged fleshy rhizome often adorned with scars from previous flower stalks. Spatterdock has large (up to 25 cm) heart-shaped leaves with a prominent notch and two lower lobes. The leaf stalk sports a winged margin, setting it apart from another yellow pond lily, N. advena. Flowering occurs in the summer and, the flowers open during the day and close at night. Flowers are bulbous in shape with

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yellow sepals often tinted red at the base. Spatterdock typically inhabits quiet water less than two meters deep, such as ponds, shallow lakes and slow-moving streams. Occasionally, the leaves are held erect, above the surface of the water. The leaves offer shade and protection for fish, and the leaves, stems, and flowers are grazed upon by muskrats, beaver, and sometimes even deer. Spiral-fruited Pondweed (Potamogeton spirillus. Common Name: Spiral-fruited pondweed. Native.): Spiral-fruited pondweed has slender stems that originate from a delicate, spreading rhizome. The stems tend to be compact and have numerous branches. Submersed leaves are linear with a curved appearance. Floating leaves are delicate, ellipse-shaped and range from seven to 35 mm long and two to 13 mm wide. Stipules are fused to the leaf blade for more than half of their length. Flowering occurs early in the season, with fruit production by mid-season. Nut-like fruits are produced on stalks of varies lengths. Shorter stalks tend to be on lower axils with fruit arranged in a compact head, while longer stalks tend to appear on upper axils, with fruit arranged in a cylindrical head. The fruit itself is a flatten disc with a sharply-toothed margin. Its smooth sides appear like a tightly coiled embryo, a distinguishing characteristic. Spiral-fruited pondweed prefers shallow water with sandy substrate, but can inhabit a wide range of bottom substrates. It serves as an important sediment stabilizer and cover for fish fry and invertebrates.

Water Stargrass (Zosterella dubia (=Heteranthera dubia): Common Name: Water stargrass, eelgrass. Native.): Water stargrass has slender free-branched slightly flattened stems that originate from rhizomes. The leaves are narrow and alternate, attaching directly to the stem. Leaves can be up to 15 cm long, and lack a prominent midvein, a distinguishing characteristic. Although water stargrass appears to be a pondweed, it’s actually not related to that diverse genus, being in the pickerelweed family. Water stargrass can inhabit a

wide range of water depths and sediment types, and can tolerate reduced clarity environments. Yellow star-shaped flowers are produced by midsummer, but reproduction is usually via over wintering rhizomes. Flowers are typically only produced in shallow water

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or stranded-on-shore plants. Water stargrass is a locally important waterfowl food source, and provides suitable cover and foraging opportunities for fish.

Watershield (Brasenia schreberi. Common Names: common water shield, water target. Native.): Watershield is a floating-leaf aquatic plant similar to water lilies. Its stem and leaves are elastic, and are attached to a rooted rhizome that acts as an anchor and source of stored nutrients. The leaf stalks are attached to the middle of the leaf, creating a bull’s eye effect, hence its name water target. The leaves, which are typically much smaller than other water lilies, are green on the upper surface, and purple

underneath. Maroon to purple small flowers (less than 3 cm in diameter) peak above the water’s surface on short, stout stalks. Watershield is usually coated with a clear gelatinous slime on the stem and underside of the leaves. Watershield prefers soft-water lakes and ponds in sediments containing decomposing organic matter. Under ideal conditions, watershield can become aggressive, and reach nearly 100% coverage on the surface. The whole plant is consumed by waterfowl, and the floating leaves provide shade and cover for fish. White Water Lily (Nymphaea odorata. Common Name: white water lily, fragrant water lily. Native.): White water lily leaf stalks emerge directly from a submerged fleshy rhizome. White water lilies have round floating leaves that can reach 30 cm in diameter. The floating leaves have a narrow notch (or sinus), and a green to purple underside. The white flowers are prominent and showy (seven to 20 cm) and arise from stalks from the rhizome. Flowering occurs during the summer, and the flowers open during the day, and close during the night. White water lilies are very common and typically inhabit quiet water less than two meters deep, such as ponds, shallow lakes and slow-moving streams. They inhabit a variety of sediment types, and can reach nuisance density under ideal circumstances. Nuisance density white lilies shade other macrophyte growth, compound sediment accumulations, and obstruct boat movement. The leaves offer shade and protection for fish, and the leaves, stems, and flowers are grazed upon by muskrats, beaver, and sometimes even deer. There is quite a bit of debate among aquatic macrophyte taxonomists regarding the placement of fragrant white water lily and tuberous white lily (N. tuberosa).

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Water Moss (Fontinalis sp. Common Name: water moss. Native.): Water mosses are submerged mosses that are attached to rocks, trees, logs, and other hard substrates by false rootlets located at the base of their stems. The stems are dark-green to brown, and about one foot long. The leaves share a similar color as the stems, and are usually ovate with fine-toothed margins. Water moss is utilized by aquatic invertebrates, and as a breeding site for small fish. Water moss rarely reaches nuisance levels.

IV. Discussion of the 2013 Lake Waccabuc Aquatic Macrophyte Results For Lake Waccabuc, 27 maps are included in the Appendix. Twenty two of these maps represent the distribution of aquatic macrophytes according to species at each sample location (including two maps that depict filamentous algae distribution). Four maps depict sample location distribution, water depth distribution, total floating aquatic vegetation distribution, and total submersed aquatic vegetation distribution for the data collected in 2013. The final map depicts Richness (number of individual species) per sample location. A total of 120 sample locations were surveyed for aquatic macrophytes at Lake Waccabuc in 2013. This includes four sites surveyed in the channel leading from Lake Waccabuc to the Oscaleta Road overpass. At the channel sites, only one rake toss was performed per site, due to the canal width, which has been a standard practice since the beginning of these surveys. Fifteen submersed aquatic macrophytes (and benthic filamentous algae) were collected during the July 2013 survey at Lake Waccabuc. Of these 15, three invasive species were observed: Eurasian water milfoil, curly-leaf pondweed and brittle naiad. Curly-leaf pondweed experiences a natural die-back in late June, so it was clearly not at the peak of its growth during the time of the survey. Anecdotal observations and input from 3LC volunteers indicates an increased abundance and distribution of this invasive species. Most important, Brazilian elodea was not collected or observed again in 2013, the third consecutive year. The remaining observed species are considered desirable native species, although some of these species, such as coontail or common waterweed, could reach nuisance densities (often classified as medium or dense densities), negatively impacting lake uses. Submersed macrophytes were collected at 107 (or 89%) of the sites surveyed in 2013, a slight decrease (one additional site) when compared to data collected in 2012. At 53 (or 50%) of the sites, trace density macrophytes were collected. At 36 (or 34%) of the sites, sparse density macrophytes were collected. Medium density growth was collected at 12, or 11% of the sites surveyed in 2012. The remaining six sites (or 6%) were considered dense

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growth. In general, there were less trace sites (a decrease of 11 sites this year), and more sparse, medium, and dense sites this year. Due to the basin morphology, submersed macrophytes at Lake Waccabuc are limited to the shorelines, including around the island, in the North Cove, in the Outlet Cove, and the East Inlet end of the lake. The highest abundance locations continue to be the East Inlet end (with six medium sites and five dense sites), and the North Cove (two medium sites and the remaining dense site). The North Cove abundance continues to rebound since the suction harvested project conducted in 2009, with at least sparse growth along much of the southern shoreline sites and increased abundance at the interior of the cove. Sample site Richness continues to increase in this cove, especially along the eastern shoreline (Richness seven to ten species per site). Seven of the sites in this cove contained at least six different species and three had nine or more. A stretch of the North shore (sites 80, 81, and 88 to 90) had the lowest diversity (zero to one species) of submersed plants due to the rocky bottom and steep slopes of the littoral zone. That said, submersed macrophytes typically occur at between 80% and 90% of the sampling sites since data collection began in 2008. Several factors are at play influencing the submersed macrophyte abundance and distribution at this lake. The first is the presence of invasive species which can outcompete and displace desirable native species. Eurasian water milfoil still dominates the submersed community at Lake Waccabuc, occurring at 80% of the sites surveyed, a sizable increase as compared to 2012 data. Second, aquatic macrophyte control projects (such as ongoing hand pulling efforts by the residents, and the 2009 suction harvesting project) affect the aquatic macrophyte assemblage. A picture of hand pulling efforts near site W119 is appears to the right. Third, basin morphology plays a defining role in determining the suitability for submersed macrophytes to inhabit certain locations throughout the basin. Shallow coves with nutrient rich bottom sediments are choked with vegetation, whereas stretches of steep littoral zone shorelines and the presence of large boulders, rocks and cobble limit submersed macrophyte establishment. Not only do these large rocks create unsuitable bottom substrate for all but the hardiest species, they make traditional weed anchor sampling difficult as the anchors become “hung up” often, preventing a full 10 meter drag. Water clarity also defines the littoral zone of a basin. If sunlight can’t reach the bottom of the lake (due to turbidity possibly influenced by unicellular phytoplankton blooms), submersed macrophytes have a difficult time becoming established. In 2013, water clarity was estimated at 4.5 feet on the date of the survey with slightly improved conditions in the North Cove and at the West end of the lake. Finally, seasonal weather patterns (rainfall, ambient regional air temperatures, prevailing winds, storm events, winter ice cover) all play a role in the complex ecological function of a lake system. In the winter of 2013/2014 much colder temperatures, ice formation and snow pack

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will all likely play a role defining the aquatic plants at Lake Waccabuc in the summer of 2014. Sample location Richness (number of individual species) data was included and depicted on a map for this year’s data set. At Lake Waccabuc, Richness ranged from zero to 11 different macrophytes. Using all 120 sites, a calculated average Richness of 3.97 species was obtained with the 2012 data set, an increase of 0.31 species per site. As expected, the highest Richness values occurred at the East Inlet (typically 5 to 10 per site) end of the lake and the North cove (6 to 11 at shoreline sites). The West Cove supported an increase in location Richness this year, with 5 to 8 different species per site along the northern shore. In the canal, sample Richness ranged from 8 to 10, with an increase observed moving toward the mouth to the main basin. In 2013, the invasive Eurasian water milfoil continued to be the dominant submersed macrophyte collected at Lake Waccabuc. Eurasian water milfoil has been the dominant macrophyte in this basin on all five sampling dates, usually by a wide margin over the next most dominant true macrophyte. This year it was collected at 96 (or 80%) of the sites surveyed. This represents an increase in abundance when compared to 2012 data (84, or 70%). We also observed a decrease in the number of trace sites. This year, 57 (or 59%) of the sites were trace density as compared to 71, (or 85%) trace sites in 2012. Sparse sites tripled in 2013, now accounting for 33 (or 34%) of the sites surveyed. Six medium sites rounded out the Eurasian water milfoil collected this season. Eurasian water milfoil abundance has clearly increased from 2012 to 2013. Medium sites of Eurasian water milfoil were scattered about the basin, occurring in the East Inlet Cove (1), the Outlet Cove (1), near the swimming beach (1), along the northern shore (2) and in the North Cove (1). This year, Eurasian water milfoil was observed canopying at the surface at numerous locations (sites W31 through 34, W52 and W53, W65-68, W72, W75 through W77, W82, W84, W86, around the island, W94, W95, W97, W107, W114, and finally W117). By far, this was the most instances where Eurasian water milfoil was observed at the surface since ABI has been performing these surveys (2008). It was also observed while piloting between several sampling locations (for example, but not limited to between W16 and W17; between W17 and W18; and between W80 and W81). Algae growth at Lake Waccabuc has been elevated the past few seasons, especially when compared to 2008 and 2010 data. Although benthic filamentous algae abundance was similar to 2012, floating mats of algae (see below) was significantly higher. Benthic filamentous algae was collected at 65 (or 54%) of the sites surveyed this year. At 51 (or 78%) of these sites, the density was trace, while eight sites (or 12%) had sparse density. Six sites (or 9%) were considered medium density. Five of the medium sites occurred in the East Inlet Cove, with the remaining site collected near the swimming beach. It occurred at all sites surrounding the island (five trace and one sparse), and about half of the sites (trace and sparse density) in the North Cove. Benthic filamentous algae was typically attached to other macrophytes. At one site (W29) it appeared to be smothering the aquatic plants, as some of the weed mass could not be identified due to decomposition. Benthic filamentous algae was present at all four canal sites (trace density) this year, whereas it was absent in 2012.

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Bass weed occurred at 43 (or 36%) of the sites surveyed this year, very similar to last year’s abundance. Most of the sites in 2013 (37, or 86%) the density was considered trace. At four sites (or 9%), the density was sparse, while at two sites (or 5%) the density was classified as medium. Bass weed continues to be scattered about the lake basin, preferring the shallow coves. The heaviest densities of bass weed continue to occur in the East Inlet end of the lake (with all four sparse sites and both medium sites). All remaining sites were considered trace density, with isolated sparse patches located near the clubhouse, around the island, and in the North Cove. Bass weed was also observed at the surface at site W13, and near sites W38, W43, and W74. Coontail was collected at 43 (or 36%) of the sites surveyed at Lake Waccabuc in 2013. Coontail occurred at a range of densities, but most (30 sites or 70%) were considered trace density. Six sites (or 14%) were considered sparse density, while four more sites were considered medium density. This year, three dense sites were even collected. Coontail has displayed a steady increase in abundance since 2008 (when it occurred at 18% of the sample locations). Although overall distribution was reduced by one site this year, an increase in individual site abundance was observed. This resulted in less trace sites, and increase in sparse sites, and the presence of three dense sites. Coontail was heaviest in the East Inlet cove (three medium sites and all three dense sites), but was also present at all four canal sites (trace to sparse abundance) and in the North Cove (nine total sites, including single sparse and medium sites). The remaining (mostly trace sites) were scattered about the basin. Water stargrass occurred at 15 (or 13%) of the sites surveyed at Lake Waccabuc this year, similar to number of sites as 2012. All of the sites were considered trace density this season. Water stargrass continues to be truly scattered about the entire basin, with isolated patches occurring along in the East Inlet end of the lake (3) in the Outlet Cove (3), at the West end of the lake (2), in the North Cove (3) and the Northeast Cove (4). Water stargrass was also observed near sites W42, W43 (and between those two sites) and near site W69. Arrowhead is a common native emergent macrophyte that occurs along the shoreline or shallow water of most lakes that also produces a submersed rosette form (leaves arranged in a radiating pattern at the base of a plant). The rosette is sometimes collected during weed anchor toss surveys, but due to its morphology and ability to hold fast into the sediment, it’s often underestimated during Point Intercept surveys. Often it is merely observed during sampling, due to these characteristics. Arrowhead rosettes were collected at 14 (or 12%) of the sites surveyed in 2013, the same number as the previous season. Most of the sites (13, or 93%) were considered trace density, and one sparse site was also collected. Arrowhead rosettes were most common at the East Inlet end of the basin, the Outlet Cove, and in the interior of the Northeast Cove. Individual sites were located at the West end of the basin. Since water clarity was improved this year, we also observed arrowhead rosettes near sites W1 (in the canal), W30, W43, and scattered around sites W109 and W110. Emergent growth of arrowhead was observed along the shoreline near sites W39 and W42.

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In 2013, a thin-leaved pondweed was again collected, but since it lacked seeds (or other reproductive structures), its identity could not be confirmed (see discussion on leafy pondweed, below). Since spiral-fruited pondweed has been confirmed in the past in this basin, this is the likely species but it is possible that some of these samples are actually leafy pondweed, or perhaps even another native thin-leaved pondweed (such as small pondweed, P. pusillus, or thread-leaf pondweed, P. diversifolius). This could be especially applicable this season, as the abundance increased. In the future, if seeds and/or other distinguishing characteristics can be confirmed in the field (possibly through volunteer-collected samples), we can get a better understanding on the classification of thin-leaved pondweeds in this basin. For the purposes of this survey, this pondweed will be considered spiral-fruited pondweed. It was collected at 13 (or 11%) of the sites surveyed in 2013. All sites were considered trace density, and were scattered about the basin. Four sites occurred at the East Inlet end of the lake, with another four sites located in the Northeast Cove, and three sites in the North Cove. A single site was situated at the West end of the lake. Common waterweed occurred at 13 (or 11%) of the sites surveyed at Lake Waccabuc in 2013. Eleven of the sites were considered trace density, and two sites were considered sparse density. Common waterweed occurred in three locations this year. In the North Cove, six sites were collected, including both sparse sites. Five trace sites were located at the East Inlet end of the lake, and two trace sites were located at the West end of the lake, along the north shoreline. Scattered patches of common waterweed were also observed around site W92. The author once again refers the reader to the 2008 report for information regarding the taxonomy of common waterweed. In New York State, there continues to be concerns distinguishing common waterweed and slender waterweed (E. nuttallii) to the point that some scientists prefer to lump them all as Elodea sp. (personal communication, Robert Johnson, Cornell University, 2010). The samples collected in 2013 did not possess characteristics to differentiate these two species, so for the purposes of this report, the common waterweed collected at Lake Waccabuc shall be considered E. canadensis. However, all common waterweed samples were closely examined in the field to confirm they were not Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), which has recently been confirmed in upstate New York. Robbin’s pondweed was collected at 12 (or 10%) of the sites surveyed at Lake Waccabuc in 2013, very similar to data collected in 2012. This year, all sites were considered trace density, typical of previous data sets, although last year a single medium site was collected. It’s possible the increase in Eurasian water milfoil and/or filamentous algae conspired to reduce the abundance of this desirable native pondweed, especially considering the reduction in overall sites at the East Inlet end of the lake. Nine trace patches occurred at the East Inlet end of the basin. One site was located in the Northeast Cove, and two sites were located at the West end of the lake. Creeping bladderwort was collected at nine (or 8%) of the sites surveyed in 2013 at Lake Waccabuc, a suitable increase as compared to last year’s data. All sites were considered trace density, which is typical for this delicate-stemmed bladderwort that often occurs on the surface among floating-leaf macrophytes. Three sites were located in the canal, and four more sites were among the floating leaf plants at the East Inlet end of the basin. The final

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trace patch was located at the interior of the North Cove. Creeping bladderwort was also observed near site W2 in the canal, although it was not collected on a weed anchor. Curly-leaf pondweed was collected in 2013 (but see notes above for information on the abundance and distribution of this invasive, early-growing submersed macrophyte). It occurred at five locations (or 4%), all of them considered trace density. Three of the sites were located in the canal, and the other two sites were situated at the East Inlet end of the basin. Leafy pondweed was collected at four (or 3%) of the sites surveyed this year. This is decrease in sites when compared to 2012 data. All four sites were considered trace density. In the past, leafy pondweed commonly occurred along the South shoreline at the East Inlet end of the lake and at the mouth of the Outlet cove. Not so, in 2013. Two sites were established in the North Cove, one in the Northeast Cove, and the final was along the southern shoreline. At all four sites, seeds were present on the samples collected, and were used to confirm the identity of this desirable native macrophyte, and to distinguish it from other fine-leaved pondweeds that occur in this basin. It is possible that some of the spiral-fruited pondweed occurrences this year (see above for details) were actually leafy pondweed. Ribbon-leaf pondweed continues to have very limited abundance and distribution in Lake Waccabuc. It is somewhat more common in the canal between Lake Oscaleta and Lake Waccabuc. In 2013, it was collected at four (or 3%) of the sites surveyed. Two of the sites were located in the canal, including the sparse site. Ribbon-leaf pondweed was also observed near site W3 in the canal, but not collected on a weed anchor toss. Another site was located at the mouth of the canal, among the emergent vegetations and the water lilies. But this year (for the first time), a trace patch of ribbon-leaf pondweed was collected in the North Cove, so this pondweed could be on the move. Dwarf water milfoil was collected at three (or 3%) of the sites surveyed at Lake Waccabuc in 2013. All three sites were considered trace density. Two sites were collected in the Northeast Cove and the remaining site was along the northern shoreline at the West end of the lake. Both of these sites have traditionally supported dwarf water milfoil growth in previous seasons. The population in the Northeast Cove is flourishing, yet the population at the West end of the lake seemed less vigorous, perhaps impacted by algae growth. Brittle naiad was not collected in 2012, but has been collected in 2010 and 2011. Brittle naiad is documented in nearby Lake Oscaleta as well. In 2013, brittle naiad was collected at 3 (or 3%) of the sites surveyed. All three sites were considered trace density. Two sites were located in the Northeast Cove, with the remaining site occurring in the canal. Slender naiad has been collected at Lake Waccabuc in previous years, but it was not collected or observed in 2013. Watermoss was collected for the first time at Lake Waccabuc in 2012, and once again was collected this year. It occurred at two trace sites, both located in the Outlet Cove.

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In 2012, five more floating macrophytes (and floating filamentous algae) rounded out the aquatic macrophyte assemblage at Lake Waccabuc. Floating macrophytes were observed at 58 (or 48%) of the sites surveyed in 2013, a slight decrease from 2012, but fairly consistent since 2008. Twenty (or 34%) of the sites were considered trace density, while another 24 (or 41%) were sparse density. At eight sites (or 14%), the density was considered medium, and six sites (or 10%) were considered dense. Although we observed a slight decrease in overall sites, we did observe an increase in overall site abundance. That is, this year we had less trace sites, and more sparse, medium and dense sites. The highest floating macrophyte densities were in the East Inlet end of the lake (six medium and six dense sites were located here). The Outlet Cove still hosted floating macrophytes at most interior sites, but either trace or sparse density. The West end of the lake and the North Cove continued to support mostly trace to sparse isolated patches of floating macrophytes. The North Cove contained two medium sites, three sparse sites and one trace site this year. In 2008 and 2010, watershield was the dominant floating species observed at Lake Waccabuc. In 2011, watershield and white water lily had the same abundance. In 2012, white water lily abundance has increased (and continued its gradual increase since 2008), and was now dominant over watershield by 8%. This trend continued in 2013, as white water lilies were the dominant floating macrophyte by 12% over watershield. White water lilies were observed at 48 (or 40%) of the sites surveyed in 2013, a slight overall increase as compared to 2012. Thirty two (or 67%) of these sites had trace density white water lilies. At 12 sites (or 26%) the density was considered sparse, while at two sites (or 4%) the density was considered medium. The final two sites were considered dense. White water lilies commonly occurred in at the East Inlet end of the lake, and in the Outlet Cove. White water lilies were scattered about the main basin, similar to the other floating macrophytes, with common occurrence at the West end of the lake. White water lilies abundance has held steady in the North Cove, with five sites this year, three of which were sparse. Watershield abundance continues to exhibit a slight decrease this year. Watershield occurred at 33 (or 28%) of the sites surveyed. Many of the sites (18, or 55%) were considered trace density. Thirteen (or 25%) of the sites were considered sparse density, while two sites were considered medium. Again we saw a decrease in trace sites, but an increase in sparse and medium sites this year. Watershield is most common along the South shore at the East Inlet end of the lake, throughout most of the Outlet Cove, and along the North and South shorelines at the West end of the lake. This is consistent with previous observations. Similar to last year, only a single sparse site was observed in the North Cove. As discussed, filamentous algae was more abundant at Lake Waccabuc this year, primarily due to floating mats of algae mixed in with the floating leaf macrophytes. It occurred at 25 (or 21%) of the sites surveyed, an increase of 17% as compared to 2012. It enjoyed a ranged of abundances with 14 trace (56%), 10 sparse (40%) and one dense density. Floating filamentous algae was most common in the East Inlet end of the lake, but it also was present at the Wes end of the lake, in the North Cove, and even around the island. Spatterdock abundance slightly increased this year. In 2013, spatterdock was observed at 22 (or 18%) of the sites surveyed. At 16 sites (or 73%), it occurred at trace density. At two

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sites (or 9%) it occurred at sparse density, while at one site (or 5%) it was considered medium density. However, three sites (or 14%) were classified as dense this year. Spatterdock prefers the shallow nutrient rich sediments of the East Inlet end of the basin with the medium site and two of the dense sites located here. The last dense site was also at the East end of the lake, along the south shoreline. The Outlet Cove only contained four trace sites this season. As usual, spatterdock was observed at all four sites (three sparse and one trace) in the canal. Three sites occurred along the south shore and another along the north shore. One site was located in the North Cove. Two species of duckweeds were again observed at Lake Waccabuc: small duckweed and great duckweed. Both of these duckweeds were observed at the same two locations and were considered trace density. Both sites were located in the interior of the North Cove. Small duckweed was also observed right up on the shoreline near site W109. We accessed the lake at the East Inlet end, near sampling location W26. This area was choked with macrophytes. In this small launch cove, we observed bass weed, floating stems of Eurasian water milfoil, and scattered stems of coontail all mixed in with floating mats of filamentous algae. Floating species included both duckweed species (small and great) and common watermeal. It should be noted that common watermeal was not observed at any other sampling locations in 2013, although it was observed in 2012. Emergent species were also observed near numerous sampling sites, but not collected during weed anchor tosses. These include pickerelweed (Pontedaria cordata), cattails (Typha sp.; between sites 41 and 42), and duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia, near sites W39 and W42). Pickerelweed is quite common at Lake Waccabuc, observed near sites W3, W4, W5, W68, W69, W71, W73, and W103.

V. Summary of Findings and 2014 Recommendations

On July 24, 2013 a Point Intercept aquatic macrophyte survey was performed at Lake Waccabuc. One hundred and twenty sites were surveyed in the littoral zone (and the canal), using procedures similar to the 2011 (three tosses per site) survey for a direct comparison of the data. The following is a summary of the findings of the 2013 survey:

• The primary goal of the survey was to locate any additional established patches of Brazilian elodea. For the third consecutive year, we are happy to report that we did not collect or observe any Brazilian elodea.

• Water clarity was improved this year, estimated at 4.5 feet during the survey. This likely aided in visual observations of submersed macrophytes in the some of the shallow water sampling locations.

• Filamentous algae abundance was increased in 2013. Although benthic filamentous algae was about the same as 2012, floating mats of filamentous algae increased by 17%, the largest increase observed this year.

• Eurasian water milfoil continues to be the dominant submersed macrophyte at Lake Waccabuc. Its abundance increased significantly from 70% in 2012 to 80% in 2013.

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• Most macrophyte abundance data was +/- 5% from data collected in 2012, which represents typical seasonal variation. Exceptions were Eurasian water milfoil (+10%), creeping bladderwort (+6%), and spiral-fruited pondweed (+8%).

• Coontail continues to increase in abundance, although not in overall number of occurrences. Instead, individual site abundance clearly increased in 2013.

• White water lily was the dominant floating leaf plant observed in 2013. It continues to slightly increase in site abundance, as watershield (once the dominant floating leaf macrophyte) continues to slightly decrease in site abundance.

• Brittle naiad and curly-leaf pondweed were collected and/or observed this year. • Ribbon-leaf pondweed was collected in the North Cove for the first time. • No new macrophytes were collected in 2013.

Once again, we were encouraged that we did not locate any evidence of Brazilian elodea in Lake Waccabuc in 2013. In addition, other surveys conducted by 3LC volunteers also did not locate Brazilian elodea in 2013. Three years of non-detections of this highly invasive macrophyte should be considered a milestone, with the very real possibility that it has in fact been eradicated from the basin. That said, monitoring efforts should continue in 2014, both in Lake Waccabuc and the nearby basins Lake Oscaleta and Lake Rippowam. The 3LC might want to consider a more focused survey of the North Cove in 2014 via certified divers following GPS-referenced transects. This of course is contingent on suitable water clarity, which can be impacted by unicellular phytoplankton blooms in this basin. If a Point Intercept survey is conducted, three tosses per site should be the standard practice. In previous years, other consultants and volunteers have surveyed the aquatic plant communities at Lake Oscaleta and Lake Rippowam. Since all three basins are connected via canal systems (actively traversed by kayaks and canoes), these basins should be surveyed every two to three years, not only for tracking existing native macrophyte growth, but for any of several highly invasive species (i.e. hydrilla, or water chestnut) known to occur in New York State. The 3LC should also consider several Rapid Response control methods, should a new infestation be discovered.

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VI. References

Borman, et al. 1999. Through the Looking Glass: A Field Guide to Aquatic Plants. Wisconsin Lakes Partnership, University of Wisconsin-Extension. Reindl Printing, Inc. Merrill, WI.

Fairbrothers, et al. 1962. Aquatic Vegetation of New Jersey. Extension Bulletin 382. Extension Service, College of Agriculture, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. Fassett, Norman C. 1972. A Manual of Aquatic Plants. The University of Wisconsin Press, Milwaukee.

Hill, R. and S. Williams. 2007. Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquatic Plants and their Common Native Look Alikes. Maine Center for Invasive Aquatic Plants and the Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program. J.S McCarthy Printers, Augusta Maine.

Lord et al. 2005. Effective Aquatic Plant Monitoring: Data and Issues from Waneta Lake Presentation at the Northeast Aquatic Plant Management Society Annual Meeting. Saratoga Springs, NY. Martin, Michael R. 2004. Diagnostic-Feasibility Study and Lake & Watershed Management Plan for Lake Rippowam, Lake Oscaleta, & Lake Waccabuc. Cedar Eden Environmental, LLC. 93 pp. Sea Grant Pennsylvania. 2013. Pennsylvania’s Field Guide to Aquatic Invasive Species. 158 pp. Skawinski, Paul M. 2011. Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin: A Photographic Field Guide to Submerged and Floating-leaf Aquatic Plants. 150 pages. Tarver, et al. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Florida. Bureau of Aquatic Plant Research and Control, Florida Department of Natural Resources. Tallahassee, Florida. Young, S. M. (editor). 2010. New York Rare Plant Status Lists. New York Natural Heritage Program, Albany, NY. June 2010. 111 pages.

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Appendix

Waccabuc Lake and CanalAquatic Macrophyte Distribution

July 24, 2013

Aquatic Macrophyte Total Abundance Trace Abundance Sparse Abundance Medium Abundance Dense AbundanceSites % Sites % Sites % Sites % Sites %

Total Sites 120 100%Total Submersed Vegetation 107 89% 53 50% 36 34% 12 11% 6 6%Eurasian Water Milfoil 96 80% 57 59% 33 34% 6 6% 0 0%Benthic Filatmentous Algae 65 54% 51 78% 8 12% 6 9% 0 0%Bass Weed 43 36% 37 86% 4 9% 2 5% 0 0%Coontail 43 36% 30 70% 6 14% 4 9% 3 7%Water Stargrass 15 13% 15 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Arrowhead Rosette 14 12% 13 93% 1 7% 0 0% 0 0%Spiral Fruited Pondweed 13 11% 13 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Common Waterweed 13 11% 11 85% 2 15% 0 0% 0 0%Robbin's Pondweed 12 10% 12 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Creeping Bladderwort 9 8% 9 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Curly-leaf Pondweed 5 4% 5 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Leafy Pondweed 4 3% 4 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Ribbon-leaf Pondweed 4 3% 3 75% 1 25% 0 0% 0 0%Dwarf Water Milfoil 3 3% 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Brittle Naiad 3 3% 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Watermoss 2 2% 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%

Total Floating Vegetation 58 48% 20 34% 24 41% 8 14% 6 10%White Water Lily 48 40% 32 67% 12 25% 2 4% 2 4%Watershield 33 28% 18 55% 13 39% 2 6% 0 0%Floating Filamentous Algae 25 21% 14 56% 10 40% 0 0% 1 4%Spatterdock 22 18% 16 73% 2 9% 1 5% 3 14%Small Duckweed 2 2% 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Great Duckweed 2 2% 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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Canal Sample Points1 A 8 2 41.297713° -73.571637° S S T T T T S T T S2 A 8 1.5 41.297818° -73.572004° T S T T T T T T T T3 A 9 1.5 41.297919° -73.572367° T T T T T T T T T T T4 A 10 1.5 41.298002° -73.572754° M M T S T T T S S S T S

5 A 1 41.297913° -73.573074° T D T T T D S S5 B 1 41.297913° -73.573074° S D S T D S S5 C 1 41.297913° -73.573074° S D T T S T M S M5 M 7 1 41.297913° -73.573074° S D T T T T D S S6 A 4 41.29764° -73.573063° D M S M D S T M T6 B 4 41.29764° -73.573063° D M T S M T S T M6 C 4 41.29764° -73.573063° M M S S S T S M T6 M 9 4 41.29764° -73.573063° D M S S M T S T M T T7 A 1.2 41.297719° -73.572773° S M T S T T M T7 B 1.2 41.297719° -73.572773° T D T T T T T D T7 C 1.2 41.297719° -73.572773° M M M T T T T T T M T7 M 10 1.2 41.297719° -73.572773° S M T T T T T T T T M T8 A 2.5 41.297345° -73.573038° M S S M M S T S T8 B 2.5 41.297345° -73.573038° D S S D S T S S8 C 2.5 41.297345° -73.573038° M M T M S M S8 M 7 2.5 41.297345° -73.573038° M S S M S S T S T9 A 1.5 41.297125° -73.573167° S D T S T S D S S9 B 1.5 41.297125° -73.573167° T D T T D S9 C 1.5 41.297125° -73.573167° T M T T M M9 M 7 1.5 41.297125° -73.573167° T D T T T T D T S

10 A 1.0 41.297062° -73.573482° S M S T S S T T M10 B 1 41.297062° -73.573482° M D T T M M S T D10 C 1 41.297062° -73.573482° T M T T S T T M10 M 9 1.0 41.297062° -73.573482° S M T T T T S S T T M11 A 2.0 41.297419° -73.573428° D S S D T T S T11 B 2 41.297419° -73.573428° D T S S D S T T T11 C 2 41.297419° -73.573428° D M M S T D T M S S

Lake Sample Points

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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11 M 8 2.0 41.297419° -73.573428° D S S M T M T S T T12 A 4.5 41.297692° -73.573421° D M S M T12 B 4.5 41.297692° -73.573421° D S S D T12 C 4.5 41.297692° -73.573421° D M S T D T12 M 6 4.5 41.297692° -73.573421° D M S T D T T13 A 6 41.297941° -73.573496° D S D M D S T S13 B 6 41.297941° -73.573496° D S M S D T T S13 C 6 41.297941° -73.573496° D T S S D S T13 M 6 6 41.297941° -73.573496° D S M S D S T S14 A 5 41.298244° -73.573469° T D T T T T D14 B 5 41.298244° -73.573469° T D T D T14 C 5 41.298244° -73.573469° S D S T D14 M 6 5 41.298244° -73.573469° T D T T T T D T15 A 3 41.298473° -73.573792° D S T D D S15 B 3 41.298473° -73.573792° M M M T M15 C 3 41.298473° -73.573792° M M15 M 5 3 41.298473° -73.573792° S M T S T T M16 A 2.5 41.298191° -73.573794° M S S M T T16 B 2.5 41.298191° -73.573794° D S M D T16 C 2.5 41.298191° -73.573794° D S M D T T16 M 5 2.5 41.298191° -73.573794° D S M D T T17 A 2.5 41.297884° -73.573825° S S T S17 B 2.5 41.297884° -73.573825° M T M S17 C 2.5 41.297884° -73.573825° M T M17 M 3 2.5 41.297884° -73.573825° M T T S18 A 5.0 41.297623° -73.573768° D S T D S T18 B 5 41.297623° -73.573768° M T M18 C 5 41.297623° -73.573768° M S M18 M 5 5.0 41.297623° -73.573768° M T T S M T19 A 5.5 41.297417° -73.573808° M T M19 B 5.5 41.297417° -73.573808° M S T M19 C 5.5 41.297417° -73.573808° T T T T19 M 4 5.5 41.297417° -73.573808° S T T T S20 A 1.5 41.297134° -73.573708° M S M S T T S T

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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20 B 1.5 41.297134° -73.573708° T S T T T S T20 C 1.5 41.297134° -73.573708° T S T T T S20 M 7 1.5 41.297134° -73.573708° S S S T T T T S T21 A 3.5 41.297058° -73.57418° T S T M21 B 3.5 41.297058° -73.57418° T M T T M T21 C 3.5 41.297058° -73.57418° S M T S T S21 M 5 3.5 41.297058° -73.57418° T M T T T M T22 A 8.5 41.297448° -73.574157° T T22 B 8.5 41.297448° -73.574157° S S T T T T S T S S22 C 8.5 41.297448° -73.574157° S T T S T22 M 9 8.5 41.297448° -73.574157° S T T T T T T T T T T23 A 13 41.297696° -73.574235° T T T23 B 13 41.297696° -73.574235° T T23 C 13 41.297696° -73.574235°23 M 2 13 41.297696° -73.574235° T T T24 A 10 41.297922° -73.574122° T T24 B 10 41.297922° -73.574122° T T T24 C 10 41.297922° -73.574122° T T24 M 2 10 41.297922° -73.574122° T T T25 A 6 41.298234° -73.574188° S T T S T25 B 6 41.298234° -73.574188° T T T T25 C 6 41.298234° -73.574188° S T S S T25 M 4 6 41.298234° -73.574188° S T T S T26 A 3.5 41.298519° -73.574167° M T M T26 B 3.5 41.298519° -73.574167° S T S T26 C 3.5 41.298519° -73.574167° D T M D S26 M 4 3.5 41.298519° -73.574167° S T M S T27 A 4 41.29852° -73.574638° D D S D D S T D27 B 4 41.29852° -73.574638° S D S T T S D27 C 4 41.29852° -73.574638° S M S T S M27 M 7 4 41.29852° -73.574638° M D T T M T T S D28 A 7.5 41.298181° -73.574559° M D S M T S D28 B 7.5 41.298181° -73.574559° M M T M S M28 C 7.5 41.298181° -73.574559° S D S T M D

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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28 M 5 7.5 41.298181° -73.574559° M D T M T S D29 A 2.5 41.296966° -73.574516° T T29 B 2.5 41.296966° -73.574516° S S29 C 2.5 41.296966° -73.574516° T T29 M 1 2.5 41.296966° -73.574516° T T30 A 4.5 41.297039° -73.575209° T T T T T T T30 B 4.5 41.297039° -73.575209° S T T T T T T T T30 C 4.5 41.297039° -73.575209° S T T S T S T30 M 10 4.5 41.297039° -73.575209° S T T T T T T T T T T T31 A 4.5 41.296835° -73.57609° M T M T31 B 4.5 41.296835° -73.57609° S T S T31 C 4.5 41.296835° -73.57609° S T S31 M 4 4.5 41.296835° -73.57609° S T T S T32 A 2 41.296643° -73.576377° D D32 B 2 41.296643° -73.576377° M M32 C 2 41.296643° -73.576377° T T32 M 1 2 41.296643° -73.576377° M M33 A 5 41.296586° -73.576756° T T33 B 5.0 41.296586° -73.576756° T T33 C 5 41.296586° -73.576756°33 M 1 5 41.296586° -73.576756° T T34 A 14 41.296564° -73.577181° M M34 B 14 41.296564° -73.577181° S S34 C 14 41.296564° -73.577181° S S34 M 1 14 41.296564° -73.577181° S S35 A 16 41.296606° -73.577476°35 B 16 41.296606° -73.577476°35 C 16 41.296606° -73.577476°35 M 0 16 41.296606° -73.577476°36 A 15.5 41.296282° -73.5775°36 B 15.5 41.296282° -73.5775°36 C 15.5 41.296282° -73.5775°36 M 0 15.5 41.296282° -73.5775°37 A 3.0 41.296255° -73.57714° T T T T

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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37 B 3 41.296255° -73.57714° T S T T T T T37 C 3 41.296255° -73.57714° T S T T S37 M 6 3.0 41.296255° -73.57714° T S T T T T T T38 A 4 41.296273° -73.576709° T T T T T38 B 4 41.296273° -73.576709° S T S38 C 4 41.296273° -73.576709° T S T T S T38 M 5 4 41.296273° -73.576709° T S T T T S T39 A 2.0 41.295993° -73.576724° T S T S39 B 2 41.295993° -73.576724° T S T S39 C 2 41.295993° -73.576724° M S S39 M 3 2.0 41.295993° -73.576724° T S T S T40 A 2.5 41.296055° -73.577133° M T M40 B 2.5 41.296055° -73.577133° T S T S S40 C 2.5 41.296055° -73.577133° S S40 M 4 2.5 41.296055° -73.577133° T S T T T S41 A 1.0 41.295762° -73.577017° T S T S41 B 1 41.295762° -73.577017° T S T T S41 C 1 41.295762° -73.577017° M S S S41 M 5 1.0 41.295762° -73.577017° T S T T T S T42 A 1.5 41.296053° -73.577429° T T T T T T42 B 1.5 41.296053° -73.577429° T T T T42 C 1.5 41.296053° -73.577429° T S T T T S42 M 5 1.5 41.296053° -73.577429° T T T T T T T43 A 7.0 41.29636° -73.577875° S S T T T S T S T43 B 7 41.29636° -73.577875° S T T S S S T43 C 7 41.29636° -73.577875° M S S S M T S T43 M 8 7.0 41.29636° -73.577875° S S T T S T T T S T44 A 5.5 41.296536° -73.578542°44 B 5.5 41.296536° -73.578542° T T44 C 5.5 41.296536° -73.578542° T T44 M 2 5.5 41.296536° -73.578542° T T T45 A 7.0 41.296478° -73.579316° T T45 B 7 41.296478° -73.579316° T T45 C 7 41.296478° -73.579316° T T

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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45 M 2 7.0 41.296478° -73.579316° T T T T46 A 6.0 41.296412° -73.580224°46 B 6 41.296412° -73.580224°46 C 6 41.296412° -73.580224°46 M 0 6.0 41.296412° -73.580224°47 A 6.5 41.296542° -73.581069° T T47 B 6.5 41.296542° -73.581069°47 C 6.5 41.296542° -73.581069°47 M 1 6.5 41.296542° -73.581069° T T48 A 13.5 41.296511° -73.581778° T T T48 B 13.5 41.296511° -73.581778°48 C 13.5 41.296511° -73.581778° T T48 M 2 13.5 41.296511° -73.581778° T T T49 A 6.0 41.296582° -73.582606°49 B 6 41.296582° -73.582606°49 C 6 41.296582° -73.582606° T T49 M 1 6.0 41.296582° -73.582606° T T50 A 7.0 41.296417° -73.583399°50 B 7 41.296417° -73.583399°50 C 7 41.296417° -73.583399°50 M 0 7.0 41.296417° -73.583399°51 A 7.5 41.296244° -73.584188° S T S T51 B 7.5 41.296244° -73.584188° S S S S51 C 7.5 41.296244° -73.584188° T T51 M 3 7.5 41.296244° -73.584188° S T S T T52 A 4.5 41.295979° -73.585063° S S52 B 4.5 41.295979° -73.585063° M M52 C 4.5 41.295979° -73.585063° S S52 M 1 4.5 41.295979° -73.585063° S S53 A 9.5 41.296512° -73.586169° M S T M T M S T53 B 9.5 41.296512° -73.586169° M S M S T S53 C 9.5 41.296512° -73.586169° D M S M D M S53 M 6 9.5 41.296512° -73.586169° M S T M T M S S54 A 4.0 41.29675° -73.586787° T T

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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54 B 4 41.29675° -73.586787° S S T S S54 C 4 41.29675° -73.586787° S T S54 M 4 4.0 41.29675° -73.586787° S T T T S T55 A 3.5 41.296857° -73.587467° T S T S T55 B 3.5 41.296857° -73.587467° S S S S S55 C 3.5 41.296857° -73.587467° T S T T S T55 M 4 3.5 41.296857° -73.587467° T S T T S T56 A 6.0 41.296934° -73.58833° S T S T56 B 6 41.296934° -73.58833° S T S56 C 6 41.296934° -73.58833° S S T S S S56 M 5 6.0 41.296934° -73.58833° S S T T S T T57 A 5 41.296765° -73.589146° T T57 B 5 41.296765° -73.589146°57 C 5 41.296765° -73.589146° T T57 M 1 5 41.296765° -73.589146° T T58 A 8.0 41.296541° -73.589935° M S M S58 B 8 41.296541° -73.589935° S S58 C 8 41.296541° -73.589935° S T S T58 M 2 8.0 41.296541° -73.589935° S T S T59 A 4.5 41.296349° -73.590817°59 B 4.5 41.296349° -73.590817°59 C 4.5 41.296349° -73.590817°59 M 0 4.5 41.296349° -73.590817°60 A 4.0 41.29645° -73.591649° T T T60 B 4 41.29645° -73.591649° T T60 C 4 41.29645° -73.591649° T S T S60 M 4 4.0 41.29645° -73.591649° T T T T T T61 A 12.5 41.296376° -73.592372°61 B 12.5 41.296376° -73.592372° T T61 C 12.5 41.296376° -73.592372°61 M 1 12.5 41.296376° -73.592372° T T62 A 6.5 41.296266° -73.593276°62 B 6.5 41.296266° -73.593276°62 C 6.5 41.296266° -73.593276°

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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62 M 0 6.5 41.296266° -73.593276°63 A 5.0 41.296041° -73.594035° S S63 B 5 41.296041° -73.594035° T T T T63 C 5 41.296041° -73.594035° T T63 M 2 5.0 41.296041° -73.594035° T T T T64 A 7.0 41.295827° -73.594979° T T T64 B 7 41.295827° -73.594979° T T T64 C 7 41.295827° -73.594979° S T S64 M 3 7.0 41.295827° -73.594979° T T T T65 A 6.0 41.296354° -73.595653° S T S T65 B 6 41.296354° -73.595653° T S T S65 C 6 41.296354° -73.595653° T S T T S65 M 3 6.0 41.296354° -73.595653° T S T T S66 A 4.0 41.296976° -73.595741° S S T S S T66 B 4 41.296976° -73.595741° T S T T T S66 C 4 41.296976° -73.595741° S S T66 M 7 4.0 41.296976° -73.595741° S T T T S T T T T67 A 4.5 41.297297° -73.594999° S M T S S T M67 B 4.5 41.297297° -73.594999° T S T T S67 C 4.5 41.297297° -73.594999° S S S T S67 M 5 4.5 41.297297° -73.594999° S S T S T T S68 A 2.5 41.297631° -73.594181° S S T S T S T T S68 B 2.5 41.297631° -73.594181° T S T T S68 C 2.5 41.297631° -73.594181° M S T T M T T S68 M 8 2.5 41.297631° -73.594181° S S T T T T S T T S69 A 5.0 41.298366° -73.593558° T M T S S S69 B 5 41.298366° -73.593558° M S T M T T S T69 C 5 41.298366° -73.593558° T S T T T S69 M 7 5.0 41.298366° -73.593558° S S T T S T T S T70 A 7.0 41.298618° -73.593° T T T T T T70 B 7 41.298618° -73.593° S S70 C 7 41.298618° -73.593° T T70 M 4 7.0 41.298618° -73.593° T T T T T T71 A 7.0 41.29857° -73.592166° S T T T S T

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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71 B 7 41.29857° -73.592166° T T T T T71 C 7 41.29857° -73.592166° T S T S T71 M 5 7.0 41.29857° -73.592166° T T T T T T T72 A 1.5 41.298898° -73.591659° S S S S72 B 1.5 41.298898° -73.591659° T S T T S72 C 1.5 41.298898° -73.591659° S S S S72 M 3 1.5 41.298898° -73.591659° S S T S S73 A 19.0 41.298934° -73.590831° T S T T S S S73 B 19 41.298934° -73.590831° M S T S M T S73 C 19 41.298934° -73.590831° S T S T S73 M 6 19.0 41.298934° -73.590831° T S T T T S T S74 A 11.0 41.298483° -73.59016°74 B 11 41.298483° -73.59016°74 C 11 41.298483° -73.59016° T T74 M 1 11.0 41.298483° -73.59016° T T75 A 8.0 41.298625° -73.589103°75 B 8 41.298625° -73.589103°75 C 8 41.298625° -73.589103°75 M 0 8.0 41.298625° -73.589103°76 A 9.5 41.298849° -73.588326° M M76 B 9.5 41.298849° -73.588326° T T76 C 9.5 41.298849° -73.588326° D T D76 M 2 9.5 41.298849° -73.588326° M T M77 A 7.5 41.299055° -73.587559° S S77 B 7.5 41.299055° -73.587559° S T S T77 C 7.5 41.299055° -73.587559° M T M T77 M 2 7.5 41.299055° -73.587559° S T S T78 A 11 41.299327° -73.586625° M T M78 B 11 41.299327° -73.586625° S T S78 C 11 41.299327° -73.586625° D T D78 M 3 11 41.299327° -73.586625° M T T M79 A 8.5 41.299522° -73.585825° T T79 B 8.5 41.299522° -73.585825° T T79 C 8.5 41.299522° -73.585825° S S

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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79 M 1 8.5 41.299522° -73.585825° T T80 A 20.5 41.299551° -73.585034° T T80 B 20.5 41.299551° -73.585034° T T80 C 20.5 41.299551° -73.585034° T T80 M 1 20.5 41.299551° -73.585034° T T81 A 18.5 41.29984° -73.584129°81 B 18.5 41.29984° -73.584129°81 C 18.5 41.29984° -73.584129°81 M 0 18.5 41.29984° -73.584129°82 A 7.0 41.299143° -73.583351° M T M82 B 7 41.299143° -73.583351° S S82 C 7 41.299143° -73.583351° S T S82 M 2 7.0 41.299143° -73.583351° S T S83 A 8.5 41.299347° -73.582934° S S S83 B 8.5 41.299347° -73.582934° S S83 C 8.5 41.299347° -73.582934° S T S S83 M 3 8.5 41.299347° -73.582934° S T T S84 A 6.5 41.299375° -73.582604° M T T M T T84 B 6.5 41.299375° -73.582604° S T S84 C 6.5 41.299375° -73.582604° S T T S T T84 M 5 6.5 41.299375° -73.582604° S T T T S T T85 A 6.5 41.299073° -73.58251° S T T S S T T85 B 6.5 41.299073° -73.58251° S T S85 C 6.5 41.299073° -73.58251°85 M 5 6.5 41.299073° -73.58251° T T T T T T T86 A 6.0 41.298926° -73.582887° S T S86 B 6 41.298926° -73.582887° S T S86 C 6 41.298926° -73.582887° S T S86 M 2 6.0 41.298926° -73.582887° S T S87 A 4.0 41.298883° -73.583351° S T S87 B 4 41.298883° -73.583351° S T S87 C 4 41.298883° -73.583351° M M M87 M 2 4.0 41.298883° -73.583351° S S S88 A 19.0 41.300246° -73.583392°

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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88 B 19 41.300246° -73.583392°88 C 19 41.300246° -73.583392°88 M 0 19.0 41.300246° -73.583392°89 A 15.0 41.300647° -73.582293°89 B 15 41.300647° -73.582293°89 C 15 41.300647° -73.582293°89 M 0 15.0 41.300647° -73.582293°90 A 11.5 41.300876° -73.581731° T T T T90 B 11.5 41.300876° -73.581731°90 C 11.5 41.300876° -73.581731°90 M 2 11.5 41.300876° -73.581731° T T T T91 A 10.5 41.301002° -73.581321° T T91 B 10.5 41.301002° -73.581321°91 C 10.5 41.301002° -73.581321°91 M 1 10.5 41.301002° -73.581321° T T92 A 5.5 41.301026° -73.581062° S T T S T92 B 5.5 41.301026° -73.581062° S S T T T92 C 5.5 41.301026° -73.581062° S T S S T92 M 7 5.5 41.301026° -73.581062° S T S T T T T T93 A 6.0 41.300993° -73.580658° D S T M S T S T93 B 6 41.300993° -73.580658° S S T S S T S93 C 6 41.300993° -73.580658° M T T S S S S T T93 M 7 6.0 41.300993° -73.580658° M S T S S T S T T94 A 2.0 41.300914° -73.580279° M M M S M T S T S T S94 B 2 41.300914° -73.580279° D M T T T T D M T T S94 C 2 41.300914° -73.580279° D S T D S D D T T T T94 M 11 2.0 41.300914° -73.580279° D M T S S M T M S T T T S95 A 1.5 41.300743° -73.580272° D S S T D M S T T T S95 B 1.5 41.300743° -73.580272° S S S T T S S T T95 C 1.5 41.300743° -73.580272° T M T T T S T T T95 M 10 1.5 41.300743° -73.580272° S S T T T S S S T T T T96 A 3.0 41.300518° -73.580674° M T S S S96 B 3 41.300518° -73.580674° S T S S S96 C 3 41.300518° -73.580674° S T T T T S S

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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96 M 6 3.0 41.300518° -73.580674° S T T T S T S97 A 8.0 41.300782° -73.580769° M T T M97 B 8 41.300782° -73.580769° S T T S97 C 8 41.300782° -73.580769° M T M S S97 M 4 8.0 41.300782° -73.580769° M T T T S98 A 7.5 41.300204° -73.581088° S T T T S T T98 B 7.5 41.300204° -73.581088° M M T S M M98 C 7.5 41.300204° -73.581088° S M S M98 M 6 7.5 41.300204° -73.581088° S S T T S T T S99 A 12.0 41.300485° -73.581057°99 B 12 41.300485° -73.581057° S S99 C 12 41.300485° -73.581057° T T T99 M 2 12.0 41.300485° -73.581057° T T T100 A 13.5 41.300814° -73.581077°100 B 13.5 41.300814° -73.581077° T T100 C 13.5 41.300814° -73.581077°100 M 1 13.5 41.300814° -73.581077° T T101 A 19.5 41.300772° -73.581508°101 B 19.5 41.300772° -73.581508°101 C 19.5 41.300772° -73.581508°101 M 0 19.5 41.300772° -73.581508°102 A 22.5 41.300546° -73.581475°102 B 22.5 41.300546° -73.581475°102 C 22.5 41.300546° -73.581475°102 M 0 22.5 41.300546° -73.581475°103 A 5.0 41.300214° -73.581383° M M T T T M S T T S S103 B 5 41.300214° -73.581383° M M S T T M T T M T103 C 5 41.300214° -73.581383° T M T T T M S103 M 9 5.0 41.300214° -73.581383° S M T T T S S T T S T104 A 4.5 41.299838° -73.581605° S T T S104 B 4.5 41.299838° -73.581605° M T M104 C 4.5 41.299838° -73.581605° T T T104 M 3 4.5 41.299838° -73.581605° S T T S105 A 10.0 41.299473° -73.581707° T T

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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105 B 10 41.299473° -73.581707° T T T105 C 10 41.299473° -73.581707°105 M 2 10.0 41.299473° -73.581707° T T T106 A 12.0 41.299371° -73.581071° T T106 B 12 41.299371° -73.581071°106 C 12 41.299371° -73.581071°106 M 1 12.0 41.299371° -73.581071° T T107 A 12.0 41.299203° -73.580142° T T T107 B 12 41.299203° -73.580142°107 C 12 41.299203° -73.580142° T T107 M 2 12.0 41.299203° -73.580142° T T T108 A 17 41.29929° -73.579378° T T108 B 17 41.29929° -73.579378° S S S108 C 17 41.29929° -73.579378°108 M 2 17 41.29929° -73.579378° T T T109 A 4.0 41.29928° -73.578785° T T T T109 B 4 41.29928° -73.578785° T T T T T109 C 4 41.29928° -73.578785° T T T109 M 5 4.0 41.29928° -73.578785° T T T T T T110 A 1.5 41.299198° -73.578561° T T T T T110 B 1.5 41.299198° -73.578561° T T T T110 C 1.5 41.299198° -73.578561° T T T110 M 7 1.5 41.299198° -73.578561° T T T T T T T T111 A 2.5 41.299005° -73.578469° T T T111 B 2.5 41.299005° -73.578469° T T T111 C 2.5 41.299005° -73.578469° T T T T111 M 4 2.5 41.299005° -73.578469° T T T T T112 A 4.5 41.298784° -73.57864° T T T T112 B 4.5 41.298784° -73.57864° T T T T112 C 4.5 41.298784° -73.57864° T T T T112 M 6 4.5 41.298784° -73.57864° T T T T T T T113 A 8.0 41.299112° -73.578739°113 B 8 41.299112° -73.578739° T T113 C 8 41.299112° -73.578739°

Three Lakes CouncilLake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

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113 M 1 8.0 41.299112° -73.578739° T T114 A 3.5 41.298589° -73.578812° T T T T114 B 3.5 41.298589° -73.578812° S T S T114 C 3.5 41.298589° -73.578812° T T T T114 M 4 3.5 41.298589° -73.578812° T T T T T115 A 9.5 41.298193° -73.57897° T T115 B 9.5 41.298193° -73.57897°115 C 9.5 41.298193° -73.57897°115 M 1 9.5 41.298193° -73.57897° T T116 A 12.5 41.298049° -73.578477°116 B 12.5 41.298049° -73.578477°116 C 12.5 41.298049° -73.578477° T T116 M 1 12.5 41.298049° -73.578477° T T117 A 7.5 41.298274° -73.577818° T S T T S S T T117 B 7.5 41.298274° -73.577818° T T T T T117 C 7.5 41.298274° -73.577818° T T T117 M 7 7.5 41.298274° -73.577818° T T T T T T T T T118 A 11.0 41.298222° -73.576921° S S118 B 11 41.298222° -73.576921° T T118 C 11 41.298222° -73.576921° T T118 M 1 11.0 41.298222° -73.576921° T T119 A 3.5 41.298329° -73.576048° S T S T T T119 B 3.5 41.298329° -73.576048° T T T T T119 C 3.5 41.298329° -73.576048° T T T119 M 4 3.5 41.298329° -73.576048° T T T T T T120 A 5.0 41.298473° -73.575102° T D T S D120 B 5 41.298473° -73.575102° T D T T T D120 C 5 41.298473° -73.575102° T D T S D T120 M 7 5.0 41.298473° -73.575102° T D T T T T S D T

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Sample Site Location

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.com

Sample Site

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Water Depth Location

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.com

Water Depth in Feet

2

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Aquatic Vegetation Sample Site Richness

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.com0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Richness: Number of Species/Sample Site

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Total Submersed Vegetation

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

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M

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Distr

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Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

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y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 107 89%Trace 53 50%

Sparse 36 34%Medium 12 11%Dense 6 6%

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Total Floating Vegetation

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

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M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 58 48%Trace 20 34%

Sparse 24 41%Medium 8 14%Dense 6 10%

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

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= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

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M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 96 80%Trace 57 59%

Sparse 33 34%Medium 6 6%Dense 0 0%

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Benthic Filamentous Algae

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

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M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 65 54%Trace 51 78%

Sparse 8 12%Medium 6 9%Dense 0 0%

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Bassweed (Potamogeton amplifolius)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

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M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 43 36%Trace 37 86%

Sparse 4 9%Medium 2 5%Dense 0 0%

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

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M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 43 36%Trace 30 70%

Sparse 6 14%Medium 4 9%Dense 3 7%

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Water Stargrass (Zosterella dubia)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

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M

D

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Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 15 13%Trace 15 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Arrowhead (rosette) (Sagittaria sp.)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

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M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 14 12%Trace 13 93%

Sparse 1 7%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Spiral-fruited Pondweed (Potamogeton spirillus)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

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= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 13 11%Trace 13 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

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Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Common Waterweed (Elodea canadensis)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 13 11%Trace 11 85%

Sparse 2 15%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

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!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(

TT

TT

T

T

T

TT T

TT

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Robbin's Pondweed (Potamogeton robbinsii)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 12 10%Trace 12 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!( T

T

T

TTT T T T

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Creeping Bladderwort (Utricularia gibba)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 9 8%Trace 9 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(

T

T

T TT

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Curly-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 5 4%Trace 5 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(

T

T

T

T

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Leafy Pondweed (Potamogeton foliosus)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perce

ntDi

stribu

tion

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 4 3%Trace 4 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(

T

T ST

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Ribbon-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton epihydrus)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 4 3%Trace 3 75%

Sparse 1 25%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(

TT

T

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Dwarf Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum tenellum)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 3 3%Trace 3 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(

TT

T

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Brittle Naiad (Najas minor)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 3 3%Trace 3 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

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!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

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!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(

T

T

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Watermoss (Fontinalis sp.)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perce

ntDi

stribu

tion

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 2 2%Trace 2 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

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!(

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!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

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!( !(!(

!(

!(

TTT

T S

STS

TT

T

TTT

S

S

T

T T

T

ST

TT

TS T

TT

T

D

D

T

T T

MTS

M ST

TTS S T T S

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

White Water Lilly (Nymphaea odorata)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 48 40%Trace 32 67%

Sparse 12 25%Medium 2 4%Dense 2 4%

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

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!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(

S

SS

TTS

T

T

T

ST

T

T S T

TS

TS

T SST

T

T

M S TS

MTS T

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Watershield (Brasenia natans)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 33 28%Trace 18 55%

Sparse 13 39%Medium 2 6%Dense 0 0%

!(!(

!(!(!(

!( !(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(T

ST

S T

SS

TT

T

T

T

T

T

S

S T

T

S

S DS

TS

T

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Floating Filamentous Algae

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 25 21%Trace 14 56%

Sparse 10 40%Medium 0 0%Dense 1 4%

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!(

DT

T

S T T

TT

TT

T T

D

T

T

TMD S T T T

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Spatterdock (Nuphar variegata)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perce

ntDi

stribu

tion

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 22 18%Trace 16 73%

Sparse 2 9%Medium 1 5%Dense 3 14%

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!( TT

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Small Duckweed (Lemna minor)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 2 2%Trace 2 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!( !( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !( !(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!(

!(

!( TT

Lake Waccabuc and CanalAquatic Vegetation SurveyJuly 24, 2013

I

0 620 1,240310Feet

Total Sample Sites: 120

Great Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)

= No Plants= Trace Plants= Sparse Plants

T

S

= Medium Plants= Dense Plants

M

D

Perc

ent

Distr

ibutio

n

Hackettstown, NJ Oneonta, NY800-245-2932

www.alliedbiological.comLege

ndPl

antD

ensit

y Abundance Sites PercentageTotal 2 2%Trace 2 100%

Sparse 0 0%Medium 0 0%Dense 0 0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Total Submersed Vegetation

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Total Floating Vegetation

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Eurasian Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense

Medium

Sparse

Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Bass Weed (Potamogeton amplifolius) 2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance

Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Benthic Filamentous Algae

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense

Medium

Sparse

Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Common Waterweed (Elodea canadensis)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Robbin's Pondweed (Potamogeton robbinsii)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Water stargrass (Zosterella dubia)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Leafy Pondweed (Potamogeton foliosus) 2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance

Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Arrowhead (Sagittaria sp.)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Dwarf Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum tenellum)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Brittle Naiad (Najas minor)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Ribbon-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton epihydrus)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Creeping Bladderwort (Utricularia gibba) 2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance

Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Brazilian Elodea (Egeria densa)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense

Medium

Sparse

Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Spiral-fruited Pondweed (Potamogeton spirillus)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Flat-stem Pondweed (Potamogeton zosteriformis)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Curly-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Watershield (Brasenia schreberi)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

White Water Lily (Nymphaea odorata) 2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance

Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Spatterdock (Nuphar variegata)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Small Duckweed (Lemna minor)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Floating Filamentous Algae

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Slender Naiad (Najas flexilis)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Great Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Common Watermeal (Wolffia columbiana)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

% A

bund

ance

Watermoss (Fontinalis sp.)

2008 through 2013 Percent Abundance Lake Waccabuc

Dense Medium Sparse Trace

Floating Aquatic Plant Density

Trace Medium

Sparse Dense

Submersed Aquatic Plant Density

Trace Medium

Sparse Dense