Mr. Buttell WBHS APUSH. 1. Commercial/Business Interests U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908.
APUSH WBHS Mr. Buttell. VirginiaVirginia The Charter of the Virginia Company: Guaranteed to...
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Transcript of APUSH WBHS Mr. Buttell. VirginiaVirginia The Charter of the Virginia Company: Guaranteed to...
APUSH WBHSAPUSH WBHS
Mr. ButtellMr. Buttell
VirginiaVirginiaVirginiaVirginia
The Charter of the Virginia Company:The Charter of the Virginia Company: Guaranteed to Guaranteed to
colonists the same colonists the same rights as Englishmen rights as Englishmen as if they had stayed as if they had stayed in England.in England.
This provision was This provision was incorporated into incorporated into future colonistsfuture colonists’’ documents.documents.
Colonists felt that, even in the Colonists felt that, even in the Americas, they had the rights of Americas, they had the rights of Englishmen!Englishmen!
English ColonizationEnglish ColonizationEnglish ColonizationEnglish Colonization
Late 1606 Late 1606 VA Co. sends out 3 VA Co. sends out 3 shipsships
Spring 1607 Spring 1607 land at mouth of land at mouth of Chesapeake Bay.Chesapeake Bay.
Attacked by Indians and move on.Attacked by Indians and move on.
May 24, 1607 May 24, 1607 about 100 colonists about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James Riverbanks of James River
Easily defended, but swarming with Easily defended, but swarming with disease-causing mosquitoes.disease-causing mosquitoes.
England Plants the England Plants the Jamestown Jamestown ““SeedlingSeedling””England Plants the England Plants the
Jamestown Jamestown ““SeedlingSeedling””
Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609
Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609
Chesapeake BayChesapeake BayChesapeake BayChesapeake Bay
Geographic/environmental Geographic/environmental problems??problems??
Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map
Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map
Jamestown HousingJamestown HousingJamestown HousingJamestown Housing
Jamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlementJamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlement
Jamestown Chapel, Jamestown Chapel, 16111611
Jamestown Chapel, Jamestown Chapel, 16111611
Captain John Smith:Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job??The Right Man for the Job??Captain John Smith:Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job??The Right Man for the Job??
There was no talk…but dig There was no talk…but dig goldgold, , wash wash goldgold, refine , refine goldgold, load , load goldgold……
PocahontasPocahontasPocahontasPocahontas
A 1616 A 1616 engravingengraving
Pocahontas Pocahontas ““savessaves”” Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith
English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660
River Settlement River Settlement PatternPattern
River Settlement River Settlement PatternPattern
Large plantations [>100 acres].Large plantations [>100 acres].
Widely spread apart [>5 miles].Widely spread apart [>5 miles].
Social/EconomicSocial/EconomicPROBLEMS???PROBLEMS???
Jamestown Colonization Jamestown Colonization Pattern:Pattern:1620-16601620-1660
Jamestown Colonization Jamestown Colonization Pattern:Pattern:1620-16601620-1660
High Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality Rates
The The ““Starving TimeStarving Time””::1607: 104 colonists1607: 104 colonists
By spring, 1608: 38 survivedBy spring, 1608: 38 survived
1609: 300 more immigrants1609: 300 more immigrants
By spring, 1610: 60 survivedBy spring, 1610: 60 survived
1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants
1624 population: 1,2001624 population: 1,200
Adult life expectancy: 40 yearsAdult life expectancy: 40 years
Death of children before age 5: Death of children before age 5: 80%80%
Powhatan ConfederacyPowhatan ConfederacyPowhatan ConfederacyPowhatan Confederacy
Chief PowhatanChief PowhatanChief PowhatanChief Powhatan
Powhatan ConfederacyPowhatan Confederacy
Powhatan dominated a Powhatan dominated a dozen small tribes dozen small tribes in the James River in the James River area.area.
Powhatan probably sawPowhatan probably sawthe English as allies in his struggles to the English as allies in his struggles to control other Indian tribes in the control other Indian tribes in the region.region.
PowhatanPowhatanIndian VillageIndian Village
PowhatanPowhatanIndian VillageIndian Village
Indian FoodsIndian FoodsIndian FoodsIndian Foods
Relations between Indians & settlers Relations between Indians & settlers grew worse.grew worse.
English raided Indian food supplies English raided Indian food supplies during the starving times.during the starving times.
1610-1614 1610-1614 First Anglo-Powhatan First Anglo-Powhatan WarWar
De La Warr had orders to make war De La Warr had orders to make war on the Indians.on the Indians.
Raided villages, burned houses, took Raided villages, burned houses, took supplies, burned cornfields.supplies, burned cornfields.
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
1614-1622 1614-1622 peace between peace between Powhatans and the English, marriage Powhatans and the English, marriage of Pocahontas to Rolfeof Pocahontas to Rolfe
1622-1644 1622-1644 periodic attacks periodic attacks between Indians and settlers.between Indians and settlers.
1622 1622 Indians attacked the English, Indians attacked the English, killing 347 [including John Rolfe].killing 347 [including John Rolfe].
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
Powhatan UprisingPowhatan Uprisingof 1622 (347 killed)of 1622 (347 killed)Powhatan UprisingPowhatan Uprisingof 1622 (347 killed)of 1622 (347 killed)
1644-1646 1644-1646 Second Anglo- Second Anglo-Powhatan WarPowhatan War
Last effort of natives to defeat Last effort of natives to defeat English.English.
Indians defeated again.Indians defeated again.
Peace Treaty of 1646Peace Treaty of 1646
Removed the Powhatans from their Removed the Powhatans from their original land.original land.
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe
What finally made the colony What finally made the colony prosperous??prosperous??
Tobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco Plant
VirginiaVirginia’’s s gold gold and and silversilver.. -- John Rolfe, 1612 -- John Rolfe, 1612
Early Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial Tobacco
16181618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
16221622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
16271627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.
16291629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.
Tobacco Prices: 1618-Tobacco Prices: 1618-17101710
Tobacco Prices: 1618-Tobacco Prices: 1618-17101710
Why did tobacco prices decline so Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?precipitously?
Indentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured Servitude
Headright System:Headright System:
Each Virginian got 50 acres for Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage each person whose passage they paid.they paid.
Indenture Contract:Indenture Contract:
5-7 years.5-7 years.
Promised Promised ““freedom duesfreedom dues”” [land, £] [land, £]
Forbidden to marry.Forbidden to marry.
1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!their indentured contracts!
Why was Why was 16191619 a pivotal year a pivotal year
for the for the Chesapeake Chesapeake settlement?settlement?
Why was Why was 16191619 a pivotal year a pivotal year
for the for the Chesapeake Chesapeake settlement?settlement?
VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses
VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses The House of Burgesses established in established in 16191619 & began to & began to assume the role of the House of assume the role of the House of Commons in EnglandCommons in England
Control over finances, militia, etc.Control over finances, militia, etc.
A Council appointed by royal A Council appointed by royal governorgovernor
Mainly leading planters.Mainly leading planters.
Functions like House of Lords.Functions like House of Lords.
High death rates ensured rapid High death rates ensured rapid turnover of members.turnover of members.
Growing Political PowerGrowing Political PowerGrowing Political PowerGrowing Political Power
Late 1600s Late 1600s large numbers of large numbers of young, poor, discontented men in young, poor, discontented men in the Chesapeake area.the Chesapeake area.
Little access to land or women for Little access to land or women for marriage.marriage.
1670 1670 The Virginia Assembly The Virginia Assembly disenfranchised most landless men!disenfranchised most landless men!
Frustrated FreemenFrustrated FreemenFrustrated FreemenFrustrated Freemen
Led 1,000 Virginians Led 1,000 Virginians in a rebellion against in a rebellion against Governor BerkeleyGovernor Berkeley
Rebels resented Rebels resented BerkeleyBerkeley’’s close s close relations with relations with Indians.Indians.
Berkeley Berkeley monopolized the fur monopolized the fur trade with the trade with the Indians in the area.Indians in the area.
Berkley refused to Berkley refused to retaliate for Indian retaliate for Indian attacks on frontier attacks on frontier settlements.settlements.
Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon’’s s Rebellion: 1676Rebellion: 1676
Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon’’s s Rebellion: 1676Rebellion: 1676
Nathaniel Nathaniel BaconBacon
GovernoGovernorr
William William BerkeleyBerkeley
BaconBacon’’s Rebellion: 1676s Rebellion: 1676BaconBacon’’s Rebellion: 1676s Rebellion: 1676
It exposed resentments between It exposed resentments between inland frontiersmen and landless inland frontiersmen and landless former servants against gentry on former servants against gentry on coastal plantations.coastal plantations.
Socio-economic class Socio-economic class differences/clashes between rural differences/clashes between rural and urban communities would and urban communities would continue throughout American continue throughout American history.history.
Upper class planters searched for Upper class planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel laborers less likely to rebel BLACK BLACK SLAVES!!SLAVES!!
Results of BaconResults of Bacon’’s s RebellionRebellion
Results of BaconResults of Bacon’’s s RebellionRebellion
MarylandMarylandMarylandMaryland
A royal charter wasA royal charter wasgranted to Georgegranted to GeorgeCalvert, Lord Calvert, Lord Baltimore,Baltimore,in 1632.in 1632.
A A proprietary proprietary colony colony created in 1634.created in 1634.
A healthier locationA healthier locationthan Jamestown.than Jamestown.
Tobacco would be the Tobacco would be the main crop.main crop.
His plan was to govern as an absentee His plan was to govern as an absentee proprietor in a feudal relationship.proprietor in a feudal relationship.
Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic relatives.relatives.
The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland
The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland
Colonization of Colonization of MarylandMaryland
Colonization of Colonization of MarylandMaryland
Baltimore permitted high degree of Baltimore permitted high degree of freedom of worship in order to prevent freedom of worship in order to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants.Protestants.
High number of Protestants threatened High number of Protestants threatened because of overwhelming rights given to because of overwhelming rights given to Catholics.Catholics.
Toleration Act of 1649Toleration Act of 1649 Supported by the Catholics in MD.Supported by the Catholics in MD.
Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.
Decreed death to those who denied the Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].
In one way, it was less tolerant than In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!before the law was passed!!
A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics
Southern Society
• Death and disease gives way to hierarchy of wealth.
• FFV (First Families of Virginia) dominate the House of Burgesses. Top Class
• Small farmers = 1-2 slaves• Landless Whites• Indentured Servants, and
then slaves• Few cities, thus few urban
professionals.• Transportation is hard, due
to land constraints