AP#Review)#War#of#1812)#Fermentof# … · AP#Review)#War#of#1812)#Fermentof#...

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AP Review War of 1812 Ferment of Reform & Culture (Chps 1215) • War of 1812: Mr. Madison’s War 1. Causes BriEsh impressments of American sailors 2. BriEsh interference with American commerce 3. BriEsh aid to NaEve Americans on fronEer Who wanted the war? War Hawks=Clay (West), Calhoun (South) Who doesn’t?=Daniel Webster (North/NE) Consequences of the war: 1. Contributes to demise of Federalist Party 2. Intensifying naEonalist feelings 3. PromoEng industrializaEon 4. Advances career of Andrew JacksonBaZle of New Orleans war hero NEVER a DBQ or FRQ on the War of 1812

Transcript of AP#Review)#War#of#1812)#Fermentof# … · AP#Review)#War#of#1812)#Fermentof#...

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AP  Review-­‐  War  of  1812-­‐  Ferment  of  Reform  &  Culture  (Chps  12-­‐15)  

•  War  of  1812:  Mr.  Madison’s  War    1.  Causes-­‐  BriEsh  impressments  of  American  sailors        2.  BriEsh  interference  with  American  commerce  3.  BriEsh  aid  to  NaEve  Americans  on  fronEer  

Who  wanted  the  war?    War  Hawks=Clay  (West),  Calhoun  (South)  Who  doesn’t?=Daniel  Webster  (North/NE)    Consequences  of  the  war:  1.  Contributes  to  demise  of  Federalist  Party  2.  Intensifying  naEonalist  feelings  3.  PromoEng  industrializaEon  4.  Advances  career  of  Andrew  Jackson-­‐BaZle  of  New  Orleans  war  hero  

     NEVER  a  DBQ  or  FRQ  on  the  War  of  1812  

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Presidency  of  Monroe  1817-­‐1825  •  Clay’s  American  System  

–  Internal  improvements  referred  to  transportaEon  projects  such  as  roads  &  canals  

–  Henry  Clay  believed  that  new  transportaEon  links  would  promote  trade  &  unite  the  various  secEons  of  the  country  

–  Called  for  tariffs  to  protect  domesEc  industries  &  fund  internal  improvements  

–  Because  of  dependence  on  agricultural  plantaEons  &  slave  labor,  the  South  benefiZed  least  from  the  era  of  internal  improvements    

•  Era  of  Good  Feelings  or  Rising  Tensions?  –  Demise  of  the  Federalist  Party  

led  the  DemocraEc-­‐  Republicans  in  control  of  Congress  &  the  Presidency  

–  The  illusion  of  a  naEonal  poliEcal  consensus  was  shaZered  by  such  contenEous  issues  as  protecEve  tariffs,  federal  aid  for  internal  improvements,  &  the  expansion  of  slavery  into  the  new  territories  

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Monroe  conEnued…  

•  Missouri  Compromise-­‐  1820  –  SeZled  the  first  major  19th  

century  conflict  over  slavery  –  Maine  entered  as  a  free  state  –  Missouri  entered  the  Union  

as  a  slave  state,  maintaining  balance  between  slave  and  free  states  

–  Compromise  closed  remaining  territory  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  to  slavery.    No  slavery  north  of  Missouri’s  southern  border  

 

HINT:  Clay’s  American  System  &  the  Missouri  Compromise  generated  heated  debate.    Both  topics  have  generated  lots  of  quesEons  on  the  exam.    Review  purposes  of  Clay’s  American  System  &  provisions  of  Compromise  of  1820    

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Monroe  Doctrine-­‐  1823  •  Unilateral  declaraEon  of  principles  

that  asserted  American  independence  from  Europe  in  foreign  policy  

•  Asserted  the  poliEcal  system  in  the  Western  Hemisphere  is  different  &  separate  from  that  of  Europe  (similar  to  point  Washington  made  in  his  farewell  address)  

•  Warned  European  naEons  against  further  colonial  ventures  into  the  Western  Hemisphere  

•  Promised  US  would  stay  out  of  internal  affairs  of  European  naEons  

•  Leave  us  alone,  &  we  will  leave  you  alone.    Leave  our  neighbors  alone  too  or  else!  

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Age  of  Jackson  1824-­‐1840  Overcame  the  Corrupt  Bargain  to  win  

•  Belief  in  the  Common  Man  –  Great  respect  for  common  sense  &  abiliEes  of  the  common  man  

–  AJ  seen  as  a  common  man  who  represented  the  interests  of  the  people  

–  Western  prez(TN)  

•  Expanded  Suffrage  –  White  male  suffrage-­‐Jacksonian  Democracy  

–  During  Federalist  era,  caucuses  of  party  leaders  selected  candidates.    During  Jackson  administraEon,  nominaEng  convenEons  replaced  legislaEve  caucuses.    

–  HINT:  Be  able  to  compare  Jeffersonian  Democracy  &  Jacksonian  Democracy  

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Jackson  conEnued…  

•  Patronage  –  Jacksonians  supported  patronage:  policy  of  placing  supporter  in  office  (spoils  system)  

– Many  Jacksonians  believed  that  victorious  candidates  had  a  duty  to  reward  their  supporters  &  punish  their  opponents  

•  OpposiEon  to  privileged  elites  (rich)  –  Hero  of  common  man  so  despised  the  special  treatment  of  Eastern  elite  

– Went  against  those  in  the  govt.  dedicated  to  promoEng  and  protecEng  the  common  man    

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More  Jackson…  •  Tariff  of  AbominaEons  &  

NullificaEon  Crisis  1828  –  Tariffs  between  1816  &  1828  

were  1st  in  US  history  whose  primary  purpose  was  protecEon  of  new  industry  (in  the  North)  

–  Tariff  of  AbominaEon  forced  John  C.  Calhoun  to  formulate  his  doctrine  of  nullificaEon  

•  Doctrine  of  NullificaEon  –  John  C.  Calhoun  (VP,  SC  

Senator  for  forever)  –  States’  rights  argument  

brought  forth  in  KY  &  VA  ResoluEons  

–  SC  argues  that  a  state  can  refuse  to  recognize  an  act  of  Congress  that  it  considers  unconsEtuEonal  

–  South  doesn’t  want  to  pay.    They  sell  coZon  to  a  market  unprotected  y  tariffs  but  have  to  buy  manufactured  goods  that  are  protected.  Why  no  protecEon  for  them?  

–  OpposiEon  to  nullificaEon  •  Webster-­‐Hayne  debate-­‐

forcefully  rejected  nullificaEon  •  Jackson  opposes  nullificaEon  

&  enhances  reputaEon  as  strong  president  

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Jackson  &  the  Bank  War  

•  Opposed  the  bill  to  re-­‐charter  the  2nd  Bank  of  the  United  States  (BUS)  

•  Jackson  felt  bank  catered  to  rich  &  advocates  of  “hard  money”    

•  No  love  for  the  common  man  

•  Killing  the  BUS  –  Jackson  supported  the  removal  of  federal  deposits  from  the  BUS  

–  AZach  caused  expansion  of  credit  &  speculaEon  

–  State  banks,  each  issuing  own  paper  currency,  increased  

–  Jackson’s  war  of  the  BUS  helped  bring  in  the  2  party  system-­‐  Whigs  who  hated  him  but  loved  Clay  vs.  Democrats  

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SEll  more  Jackson…  •  Forced  removal  of  NaEve  Americans  – Worcester  v.  Georgia  1831  

–  Cherokees  took  removal  order  to  court  

–  Supreme  Court  upheld  rights  of  Cherokee  to  their  lands  

•  Jackson  &  Cherokee  –  Long  Eme  Indian  fighter,  so…bad  artude  

–  Refused  to  recognize  the  Court’s  decision  

–  “Marshall  has  mad  ehis  decision;  now  let  him  enforce  it”  

–  Trail  of  Tears-­‐  removal  of  Cherokee  to  OK  

–  ¼  of  Cherokee  people  died  

Catching  on  yet?    HINT-­‐  normally  few  APUSH  quesEons  devoted  to  specific  presidents.    AJ  is  the  excepEon.    Pivotal  role  in  these  events  so  a  number  of  APUSH  quesEons  focus  on  AJ  &  his  policies.    So  while  it  is  safe  to  skip  John  Quincy  Adams  and  MarEn  Van  Buren,  it  is  important  to  study  Jackson  

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TransportaEon  RevoluEon  •  New  Developments  

–  1825-­‐  Erie  Canal  completed.    Canal  building  through  1850  

–  Steamboats  in  wide  use  1820s  &  1830s  

–  First  railroad  appeared  in  US  in  1828  

–  Within  30  years,  30,000  miles  of  track  laid  

•  Consequences:  –  Erie  Canal  strengthened  commercial  &  poliEcal  Ees  between  NY  City  &  growing  ciEes  on  Great  Lakes  

–  Canals  help  open  West  to  seZlement  &  trade  

–  Railroads  enabled  farmers  in  the  Midwest  easier  access  to  urban  markets  in  the  East  

–  Canals,  steamboats  &  railroads  had  the  least  impact  on  the  South    

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Social  &  Cultural  Movements  in  Antebellum  America  

Women:  •  Cult  of  DomesEcity-­‐  – What  role  should  women  play  in  new  republic?  Can’t  vote,  can’t  serve  on  juries,  etc  

–  “Republican  Motherhood”:  vital  role  as  wives  &  moms  raising  virtuous  ciEzens  

–  Concerned  with  domesEc,  family  &  religion    

•  Factory  workers  in  Lowell  –  TexEle  mills  in  MassachuseZs  

–  Young,  unmarried  women  1820s  &  1830s  

–  Irish  &  German  immigrants  replaced  the  farm  girls  because  they  would  work  for  low  wages  

Don’t  be  surprised  to  see  a  quesEon  on  this-­‐  most  APUSH  exams  have  1  to  2  quesEons  on    this  concept.    Test  writers  oden  use  definiEons,  quotes,  &  even  pictures  to  see  if  students  can  idenEfy  the  cult  of  domesEcity  /republican  motherhood.    A  recent  APUSH  exam    devoted  the  DBQ  to  this  topic.      

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Changing  role  of  women  •  CharacterisEcs  of  women’s  

movement:  –  Led  by  middle  class  women  –  Plauorm  of  legal  and  educaEonal  

rights  –  Close  Ees  to  anE-­‐slavery  &  

temperance  movements  –  ConvenEons  held  in  Northeast  &  

Midwest  but  not  South  

•  Seneca  Falls  ConvenEon  1848  •  Led  by  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  &  LucreEa  

MoZ  •  “DeclaraEon  of  SenEments”=greater  

rights  for  women  modeled  ader  declaraEon  of  independence  

•  Wants:  –  Women’s  suffrage  –  Right  to  retain  property  ader  

marriage  –  Greater  divorce  &  custody  rights  –  Equal  educaEon  opportuniEes    –  Know  that  Dorothea  Dix  was  NOT  

involved  with  Seneca,  but  with  reform  involving  treatment  of  people  with  mental  &  emoEonal  disabiiEes  

HINT-­‐  Important  to  know  what  reforms  the    Seneca  Falls  ConvenEon  called  for.    Also    important  to  know  what  reforms  the    convenEon  did  NOT  call  for.    For  example-­‐    Seneca  Falls  did  NOT  call  for  liberal  aborEon    laws  or  equal  pay  for  equal  work.    That  comes    later  &  you  should  know  it.    60’s,  BeZy  Friedan,  etc-­‐  turns  against    the  cult  of  domesEcity        

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Second  Great  Awakening  •  Wave  of  religious  enthusiasm  led  by  preachers  Charles  Finney  and  Lyman  Beecher  

•  Finney  =  big  success  in  central  &  western  NY  •  Called  “burned-­‐over”  district  due  to  fervent  prayer  meeEngs  

•  Important  role  in  making  Americans  aware  of  the  moral  issues  of  slavery  2007 In what ways did the Second Great Awakening in the North influence TWO of the following?

Abolitionism Temperance The cult of domesticity Utopian communities

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Transcendentalism  &  Utopian  CommuniEes  

•  Philosophical  &  literary  movement  1800s  emphasizing  living  a  simple  life,  celebraEng  truth  in  nature,  personal  emoEon  &  imaginaEon  

•  Henry  David  Thoreau  &  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson=top  writers  of  period  

•  Shared  idea  of  perfecEonism  

•  Humans  can  have  a  beZer  life  through  conscious  act  of  will  

•  Brook  Farm,  New  Harmony  &  Oneida  Community  

•  Escape  compeEEon  of  everyday  life,  regulate  morals,  create  cooperaEve  lifestyle  

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Cultural  Advances  

•  EducaEon  – McGuffey  Readers  –  Newspapers  grow  –  EducaEon  reform  wants  laws,  more  teacher  training  &  state  &  local  taxes  to  finance  public  educaEon    

•  Hudson  River  School  –  ArEsts  painEng  landscapes  emphasizing  America’s  beauty  

–  First  art  school  


AP Review- War of 1812- Ferment of Reform & Culture (Chps 12-15) War of 1812: Mr. Madison’s War 1.Causes- British impressments of American sailors 2.British.

AP Review- War of 1812- Ferment of Reform & Culture (Chps 12-15) War of 1812: Mr. Madison’s War 1.Causes- British impressments of American sailors 2.British.

Standard III. War of 1812 Impressments- kidnapping – The British would kidnap US sailors and force them to serve in the British Navy. War Hawks- people.

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War of 1812 - Weebly€¦ · War of 1812 • Fought against Britain & British Canada in 1812-1814 • Called Mr. Madison’s War Causes of the War of 1812 •Impressments: the taking

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War of 1812

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AP Review- War of 1812- Ferment of Reform & Culture (Chps 8-12) War of 1812: Mr. Madison’s War 1.Causes- British impressments of American sailors 2.British.

AP Review- War of 1812- Ferment of Reform & Culture (Chps 8-12) War of 1812: Mr. Madison’s War 1.Causes- British impressments of American sailors 2.British.

WAR OF 1812. WAR OF 1812- ARROGANT WORMS .

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Journal of the War of 1812 - Bob Rowenbobrowen.com/warof1812journal/Journal Issue 12-4.pdf · free notices of their organization's War of 1812 ... War of 1812 Chronology War of 1812

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WAR OF 1812 SAMANTHA SCHOW. IMPRESSMENTS The citizens were forced to be in the navy or army. This was in 1807 Who were involved o United States citizens.

WAR OF 1812 SAMANTHA SCHOW. IMPRESSMENTS The citizens were forced to be in the navy or army. This was in 1807 Who were involved o United States citizens.

US HISTORY EOC REVIEW Fall 08 - Webs Duncan's APUSH review.pdf1. War Hawks convince Madison to ask Congress for War in 1812 2. Causes: impressments, British-NA relations, blockades,

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War of 1812 Video James Madison & the War of 1812 1812.

War of 1812 Video James Madison & the War of 1812 1812.