APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TOWARDS THE ACHIEVMENT OF THE TOWARDS THE ACHIEVMENT OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS.

SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE MESIANOMESIANO 2015 2015

Camilla Archetti*, Guido Zolezzi*, Agustí Perez-Foguet**Camilla Archetti*, Guido Zolezzi*, Agustí Perez-Foguet**

*University of Trento, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department *University of Trento, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Via Mesiano, 77 – 38100 Trento, Italy Via Mesiano, 77 – 38100 Trento, Italy

Phone: +39 0461 882639Phone: +39 0461 882639 **ETSECCPB, Universitat Politènica de Catalunya**ETSECCPB, Universitat Politènica de Catalunya

C/ Jordi Girona, 1-3C/ Jordi Girona, 1-308034 Barcelona, Spain08034 Barcelona, Spain

camilla.archetti@ing.unitn.itcamilla.archetti@ing.unitn.it, , guido.zolezzi@ing.unitn.it, , agusti.perez@upc.edu

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

CONTEXT:

• Sustainable Mesiano 2015 project – faculty of Engineering of Trento, Italy

• Master in Appropriate Environmental Technologies for the Developing Countries (activated in 2004, after the implementation of the Bologna process). Still the only existing pilot in Italy

• Decade of Education for Sustainable Development – UNESCO

• Framework of the 8 Millennium Development Goals

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

1- Research of the tools to study and monitor the Development trend:

the indicators

2- Added value of University curricular activities which didactic contents are planned in the perspective of the Millennium Development Goals – study case presented

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

- To put in evidence two ROLES OF THE ACCADEMIC COMMUNITY as actor of a shared responsibility on Development issues :

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

Risks and CriticitiesRisks and Criticities

Participation (Jan Pronk, the MDGs and the Policies of Globalization)

Window dressing (L. Gold, Understanding the risk of the MDGs)

Gap finalities - methodologies (R.Bissio, Civil Society and the MDGs)

Human Rights Paradigm (A. Sitta, lezioni di Diritto allo Sviluppo e Obiettivi del Millennio)

Not measurable neither comparable Indicators (Amir Attaran, L’ONU prigioniera degli MDGs, Darwin,

Nov.05)

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

Lack of the Lack of the initial reference valuesinitial reference values

Target 11 Target 11 temporal range not univoquetemporal range not univoque ( (20202020))

Indicatore 32 Indicatore 32 lack of a lack of a definitions’ framework definitions’ framework ((safe housesafe house))

Lack of Lack of correlation among the indicatorscorrelation among the indicators

Risks and Criticities: SOME EXAMPLESRisks and Criticities: SOME EXAMPLES

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

Aggregated indicatorsAggregated indicators

ISU (UNPD)

ESI (Center for Global Development)

Impronta Ecologica (Rees, Wackernagel)

ICE (European Community and Agency for the Environment)

Indicators of Bellagio (Italian Statistics National Conference)

Litterature: other indicatorsLitterature: other indicators

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (UNDP) Aggregated indicator

Ecologic FOOTPRINT (Rees, Wackernagel)

Measure Unit:

• bioproductive equivalent surface

• Life expectancy

• Education

• Economy

Litterature: other indicatorsLitterature: other indicators

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

WORLD ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT DISTRIBUTION (2003)WORLD ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT DISTRIBUTION (2003)

Every individual: 1,7 haEvery individual: 1,7 ha

Litterature: other indicatorsLitterature: other indicators

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEXHUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX EC

OL

OG

ICA

L F

OO

TP

RIN

TE

CO

LO

GIC

AL

FO

OT

PR

INT

Litterature: other indicatorsLitterature: other indicators

HOW TO BUILD an INDICATORHOW TO BUILD an INDICATOR

Different Ethic Principles can lead Different Ethic Principles can lead towardstowards different sustainable goals different sustainable goals and paths.and paths. (Johnson, 1991)(Johnson, 1991)

EDUCATION, ECOLOGY, EDUCATION, ECOLOGY, ETHICS, ECONOMYETHICS, ECONOMY

LONGER TIME SCALELONGER TIME SCALE

Principles that are at the base of the Principles that are at the base of the direction towards which the system direction towards which the system goesgoes

GoalsGoals

Indicators

BasicBasic

OrientatorsOrientators

Choice Choice Principles and Principles and

criteriacriteria

PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATORPROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR

48 48 MDGs MDGs IndicatorsIndicators

10 10 European European Common Common IndicatorsIndicators

MillenniumMillenniumEcosystemEcosystemAssestmentAssestment

nn--esim esim ““environmentalenvironmentalSustainabilitySustainability

IndicatorsIndicatorspackage”package”

Ecological FootprintEcological FootprintPlanet Living Planet Living

IndexIndex

4 E4 E

•• EducationEducation•• EthicsEthics

•• EcologyEcology•• EconomyEconomy

48 48 MDGs MDGs IndicatorsIndicators48 48 MDGs MDGs IndicatorsIndicators

10 10 European European Common Common IndicatorsIndicators

10 10 European European Common Common IndicatorsIndicators

MillenniumMillenniumEcosystemEcosystemAssestmentAssestment

MillenniumMillenniumEcosystemEcosystemAssestmentAssestment

nn--esim esim ““environmentalenvironmentalSustainabilitySustainability

IndicatorsIndicatorspackage”package”

nn--esim esim ““environmentalenvironmentalSustainabilitySustainability

IndicatorsIndicatorspackage”package”

Ecological FootprintEcological FootprintPlanet Living Planet Living

IndexIndex

Ecological FootprintEcological FootprintPlanet Living Planet Living

IndexIndex

4 E4 E

•• EducationEducation•• EthicsEthics

•• EcologyEcology•• EconomyEconomy

4 E4 E

•• EducationEducation•• EthicsEthics

•• EcologyEcology•• EconomyEconomy

Choice Axiom Zermelo-Fraenkel

(1920)

PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATORPROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR

ORIENTATOR LOGIC

Education It represents how the culture, the sciences, the knowledge, the values, the memory and the accumulated experiences are transferred from one generation to another.

Ethics It indicates and orients how the respect, the human rights, the relationships, the responsibility awareness, the politics, the justice found space and indications in respect to the actions to be undertaken.

Economy It represents an orientator of the quantification of the value of objects in a wide sense and of the exchange dynamics, market activities in an analysis as much complete as possible of the entire life cycle of each product.

Ecology It orients the human actions in a clear context of attention to the environment, to the nature, to the resources and it analyzes the interconnections, even the ones less evident, between the natural systems and the anthropic factors.

Research of a principle of equivalence:Research of a principle of equivalence:

ACTIONS = TIMEACTIONS = TIME

TIME = DEDICATED TIMETIME = DEDICATED TIME

THE DEDICATED TIME IS :THE DEDICATED TIME IS :

- MEASURE UNIT AND A READING GRID- MEASURE UNIT AND A READING GRID

- NEW VALUES WITHIN THE MAN – - NEW VALUES WITHIN THE MAN – NATURE – SOCIETY RELATIONSHIPSNATURE – SOCIETY RELATIONSHIPS

PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATORPROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

• DEVELOPMENT as a concept that belongs to DEVELOPMENT as a concept that belongs to

a set of observables and indeed measurables a set of observables and indeed measurables

• DEVELOPMENT as system actractor. DEVELOPMENT as system actractor.

Actractor of the Actractor of the ACTIONSACTIONS identified as identified as

DEDICATED TIMEDEDICATED TIME

PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATORPROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

• It is It is GENERALIZABLEGENERALIZABLE

• Each unit, from the single person to the institution Each unit, from the single person to the institution

or association, in or association, in DEDICATING TIME DEDICATING TIME

PRODUCES DEVELOPMENTPRODUCES DEVELOPMENT, both in terms of , both in terms of

formation than of actionformation than of action

• Range of time scale: individual’s life Range of time scale: individual’s life

LONG TIMELONG TIME

THE DEDICATED TIMETHE DEDICATED TIME

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

Oskar Lange Oskar Lange (1960)(1960)

Application of the theory of the Application of the theory of the “dedicated time, DT” to different realities“dedicated time, DT” to different realities

• University • School• Firm• Government• Individuals

In the context of the United Nations In the context of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Decade of Education for Sustainable

Development, which urges Development, which urges societies around the world to societies around the world to

begin re-orienting their begin re-orienting their educational systems towards educational systems towards

sustainabilitysustainability, there is a need of , there is a need of planning and implementing planning and implementing

programs that will bring programs that will bring environment and sustainability into environment and sustainability into

the mainstream of learning and the mainstream of learning and research” (UNESCO,2005).research” (UNESCO,2005).

DECADE OF EDUCATION FOR DECADE OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2005 - 20142005 - 2014

• University • School• Firm• Government• Individuals

Ask for engineers with Ask for engineers with competencies different from the competencies different from the

past– called the past– called the engineers of the engineers of the 2121stst century century – and explicit need of – and explicit need of a curricola reforming that integrate a curricola reforming that integrate

disciplinar aspects from other disciplinar aspects from other scintific and cultural fieldsscintific and cultural fields

(European Journal of (European Journal of Engineering Education, SEFI)Engineering Education, SEFI)

ENGINEERING EDUCATIONENGINEERING EDUCATION

Application of the theory of the Application of the theory of the “dedicated time, DT” to different realities“dedicated time, DT” to different realities

In parallel with the educative goals of the traditional environmental engineer, the specific goals are

related to the acquisition of specific personal skills.

In order to form professional figures with technical-scientific competencies but also with attitudes and skills related to

team work, multi disciplines and inter cultural dialog capacities, in order to be able to evaluate in a appropriate way

the environmental, social and cultural impact of complex situations.

Master degree in Appropriate Environmental Technologies for

Developing Countries

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

Lavoro di gruppo

Educazione allo Sviluppo

Conoscenze tecniche

MDGs

Curriculum builded in the perspective of the achievment Curriculum builded in the perspective of the achievment of the Millennium Development Goalsof the Millennium Development Goals

Master degree in Appropriate Environmental Technologies for

Developing Countries

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

ORIENTAMENTO TECNOLOGIE AMBIENTALI APPROPRIATE PER I

PAESI IN VIA DI SVILUPPO (PVS) (UNI VERSI TÀ DEGLI STUDI DI

TRENTO – FACOLTÀ DI I NGEGNERI A)

Modulo Ore Crediti

Gestione delle Risorse Idriche,

Acque Reflue e Rifiuti nei PVS

(Acqua)

120 10

Pianificazione Territoriale e

Analisi Ambientale nei PVS

(Pianificazione)

60 5

Cooperazione allo Sviluppo

(CaS)

60 5

Metodologie Partecipate e

Gestione dei Conflitti Ambientali

(Gestione)

60 5

Stage di Progetto (Stage) 60 5

Totale 360 30

Dedicated Time

17%

17%

17%

32%

17%

Stage

CaS

Pianificazione

Acqua

Gestione

Master degree in Appropriate Environmental Technologies for

Developing Countries

STUDY CASE: ESTRAPOLATION OF THE 4 ORIENTATORSSTUDY CASE: ESTRAPOLATION OF THE 4 ORIENTATORS

It is indeed possible to find within each class actions, contents and It is indeed possible to find within each class actions, contents and didactics belonging to one of each of the Edidactics belonging to one of each of the E

23%

29%

24%

24%

Educazione Ecologia Etica Economia

DEDICATED HOURS AND DEDICATED HOURS AND THE 4ETHE 4E

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

Possible European level cooperation: Possible European level cooperation: Erasmus MundusErasmus Mundus

Selezione Comune e Procedure di Ammissione

Settimana di Orientamento

UNI VERSI TA’ 1 5 scelte opzionali

60 ECTS

Stage – tutti gli studenti

UNI VERSI TA’ 2 scelte opzionali

30 ECTS

• logical mathematicallogical mathematical approach for the approach for the individuation od the individuation od the orientatorsorientators and of and of a measure a measure unit unit pin order to make them commutablepin order to make them commutable The criticities of the MDGs can be overcomeThe criticities of the MDGs can be overcome

• Application to a context of a Application to a context of a university curriculumuniversity curriculum DESD: crucial role of the EducationDESD: crucial role of the Education

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

THANKS FOR THE THANKS FOR THE ATTENTIONATTENTION

APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TOWARDS THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TOWARDS THE ACHIEVMENT OF THE ACHIEVMENT OF THE

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE MESIANOMESIANO 2015 2015

Camilla Archetti*, Guido Zolezzi*, Agustí Perez-Foguet**Camilla Archetti*, Guido Zolezzi*, Agustí Perez-Foguet**

*University of Trento, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department *University of Trento, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Via Mesiano, 77 – 38100 Trento, Italy Via Mesiano, 77 – 38100 Trento, Italy

Phone: +39 0461 882639Phone: +39 0461 882639 **ETSECCPB, Universitat Politènica de Catalunya**ETSECCPB, Universitat Politènica de Catalunya

C/ Jordi Girona, 1-3C/ Jordi Girona, 1-308034 Barcelona, Spain08034 Barcelona, Spain

camilla.archetti@ing.unitn.itcamilla.archetti@ing.unitn.it, , guido.zolezzi@ing.unitn.it, , agusti.perez@upc.edu

I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat