APPLIED BIOLOGY : PLANTS

COURSE OBJECTIVE

Ability to illustrate and explain the cell and biological diversity Ability to differentiate microbe, plant and animal form and function.

Ability to categorize the role of microbes in agriculture and related industries.

: ERT149/4

Evaluation CONTRIBUTION•Mid Term Examinations = 20 %•Final Examination = 50%

Assessment: •Quizzes = 5 %•Assignment = 10 %•Lab report = 15%

FINAL EXAM QUESTION

5 of 6 questions4-5 sub questions (a….e)Each Q = 100 Marks

Final exam >>>> 50

FINAL EXAM ComplexityMarks Ratio

(%) Original Domain / New Domain Description

Year 1-2

Year 3-4

10 10

C1 Knowledge / RememberingArrange, define, duplicate, label, list, memorize, name, order, recognize, relate, recall, repeat or/and reproduce state

C2 Comprehension / UnderstandingClassify, describe, discuss, explain, express, identify, indicate, locate, recognize, report, restate, review, select or/and translate

70 60

C3 Application / Applying Apply, choose, demonstrate, dramatize, employ, illustrate, interpret, operate, practice, schedule, sketch, solve, use or/and write

C4 Analysis / AnalyzingAnalyze, calculate, categorize, compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, question or/and test,derive

20 30

C5 Evaluation / EvaluatingAppraise, argue, assess, attach, choose compare, defend estimate, judge, predict, rate, core, select, support, value or/and evaluate

C6 Synthesis / CreatingArrange, assemble, collect, compose, construct, create, design, develop, formulate, manage, organize, plan, prepare, propose, set up or/and write

The primary concerns of taxonomy are classification, nomenclature, and identification. These three areas are interrelated and play a vital role in keeping a dynamic inventory of the extensive array of living things. a. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes as they are applied to microbes.(30 Marks)b. Differentiate the characteristic of bacteria, fungi and algae. (30 Marks)c. Compare between the pour plate and the strike method used for obtaining pure cultures of bacteria. (20 Marks) d. Gram stain procedure is an important tool for separating bacteria in groups. Illustrate and explain procedure to perform gram stain in microbiology laboratory. (20 Marks)  

QUESTION STYLE

THIS PART : PLANT

• Definition (what is plant?)• Benefits (why study plant?, what are the benefits of plants?)• Parts and function (how do different parts of plants contribute to the

growth)• Nutrient growth

PLANTS,,

What is plant ?WHY plants are important for our life ?

What is plant?

Multicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis.Have cell walls that are composed of celluloseEukaryotes (cells contain a true nucleus and other membrane bound bodies

From the above definition, Plant Should be :

Multicellular

Perform photosynthesis

Contain cellulose

Multicellular : compises of more than one cell. For example : animal and human consistsOf millions of cells. This is in contrast with some type of bacteria wich consist of only one Cell ( unicellular)

But not all multi cellular organisms which perform photosynthesis is classified as plant. For exp : algae (see next slide)

Cellulose is a polymer of glucose. Plants produce glucose via photosynthesis and use the resulting glucose to produce cellulose and starch.

Comparison of Algae and Plant Structure

Structurally, plants consists of root, stem and leaves.Do not confuse with Fungi. Fungi have a structure like a plant, but do not perform photosynthesys

FUNGI PLANT

Plants Fungi Algae

Cell Multicellular Multi and uni cellular Multi and unicellular

Shape and properties

Have root, stem and leaves

Resemble the shape of plants,

do not have roots nor stems to absorb water and food as they live in water

Photosynthesis capability

Perform Photosynthesys

have no chlorophyll to perform photosynthesis

perform photosynthesis

Living condition Land Damp area Water, aquatic

Example E coli, lacto bacteria Uni cellular : yeast

Multi cellular : Mold

Spirullina

chlorella

Differences between Plants fungi and algae

In photosynthesis, the plant useswater and nutrients from the soil, andcarbon dioxide from the air with the sun’senergy to create photosynthates. Oxygen isreleases as a byproduct.

Plants utilize the glucose from photosynthesis in a similar way with respiration

Photosynthesis and Respiration

Animal and human perform respiration

BENEFIT OF PLANTS

Benefit Explanation /notes

Provide food and energy for animals and human

Plants utilize minerals from soil to produce fruits and vegetables for animal and human.

Stabilize and Prevent erosion Plant roots hold the soil in place.

Increases the fertility of soil Decaying plant material such as leaves, stems and fruits are absorbed to the surrounding soil to improve soil fertility

Plant organs:• ROOTS: Anchorage, water/nutrient absorption from soil, storage,

water/nutrient transport

• STEMS: Support, water/nutrient transport

• LEAVES: Photosynthesis (food production)

ROOTS

• ROOTSFunctions of roots:

• Anchorage• Absorption of water & dissolved

minerals• Storage (surplus sugars, starch)• Conduction water/nutrients

Storage Roots

STEMS

• Support leaves and fruits

• Transport water and dissolved substances

• Stores food and water

LEAVES: Function: Photosynthesis – food production for the whole plant

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts ( tiny structures contained in the cells of leaves.

Plant Hormones

Hormon Name Roles

Auxin controlled cell elongation involved in phototropism and gravitropism

Gibberellin causes stem elongation

Cytokinins cause cell division

Abscisic acid (ABA) Close stomata

ethylene fruits ripen

PLANT NUTRITION et al

•Plant nutrition•Fertilizer•Pesticide•Alternative Fertilizer : Biofertilizer•Alternative Pesticide : Biopesticide•Tissue culture•GMO

Plant nutrition

Continuation….

Where do the minerals come from ?

Soil, ? Water ?, Enough ?

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Does soil nutrition sufficient for plants ?

Green Revolution

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