Application of risk assessment to access agricultural markets Example: Madagascar Katharina Stärk...
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Transcript of Application of risk assessment to access agricultural markets Example: Madagascar Katharina Stärk...
Application of risk assessment to access agricultural markets
Example: Madagascar
Katharina StärkSwiss Federal Veterinary Office
Outline
• Trade principles under SPS
• Example Madagascar– Pig production Madagascar– Disease status– Risk assessment applied in this situation?
• Hypothetical
Trade under SPS rules
• Exporting country– Scientific evidence to document that
imported goods do not impose larger health risk for local animal/human/plant population than product produced in importing country
• Aim of risk analysis– Provide importing country with objective and
defensible method to assess risk
Pig population Madagascar
Figure 3: Development of pig population in Madagascar (Sources MPE & DVS)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1905 1927 1951 1964 1975 1988 1997 1998
Year
Po
pu
lati
on
in 1
00
0
1942 introduction of Teschen disease
1953 start vaccination
1965 introduction of CSF, 1967 startvaccination
Introduction of ASF
• Suspect cases in early 1998
• Diagnosis December 1998
• FAO TCP started in 1999– Diagnostic tools– Epidemiology– Surveillance– Control
Current disease situation
Distribution (approx.) des suidés sauvages (Potamochoerus larvatus )
Zones indemnes de PPA (30/04/00)
Tiques Ornithodoros porcinus (aire de distribution décrite entre 1960 et 1990)Tiques (aire connue 1960 –1990) & suidés sauvages
Peste Porcine Africaine :
SITUATIONEPIDEMIOLOGIQUE
Avril 2000
Séroloies positives anticorps anti-tiques
Trade prior to 1999
• Pork to La Reunion (until 1988)
• Beef to European Union (until 1995)– lack of surveillance– lack of controls– lack of good veterinary services
Disease surveillance
• Reporting of signs of disease activity by livestock owners and veterinarians
• Active programme of examination of samples from within host populations to detect clinical signs or indications of disease occurrence
OIE Animal Health Code 1999
Poste d‘observation in place
Potential for development
Quality of veterinary services
• Bilateral between countries– mutual agreement on criteria
• Criteria – appropriate to circumstances– relevant to type of trade
OIE Animal Health Code 1999
Concept of zoning
• Zone = part of country established for disease control
• Requirements• Notifiable disease• According to epidemiology of disease• Effective boundaries• Constant supervision (movement control)• Effective veterinary service
OIE Animal Health Code 1999
Disease-free zone
• Can be established if infection is still present• All animal holdings officially known• Investigation of suspect outbreaks• Outbreaks reported to OIE• Can be surrounded by surveillance zone• Strict animal movement control• Independent of import of animals from
infected zonesOIE Animal Health Code 1999
ASF-free zones
• Notifiable disease• Effective borders• Control / Surveillance of
– Domestic pigs– Bush pigs (Potamochoerus larvatus )– Ticks (Ornithodoros porcinus spp)– Animal movements
• Additional safety measures– Export from ASF-free herds
Possible ASF-free zones
Peste Porcine Africaine :
SITUATIONEPIDEMIOLOGIQUE
Avril 2000
List of holdingsMovement controlIdentification of animals
ASF-free farms
• Re-stocking with ASF-free stock• Isolation• Biosafety measures
– Animals, bush pigs, tick control– People– Feed
• Surveillance programme• Identification
Risk assessment
• The OIE risk assessment model– Disease factors– Disease status of exporting country (country
factors)• Surveillance• Disease-free zones• Veterinary service
– Products (commodity factors)• Quantity• Effect of processing
OIE Animal Health Code 1999
Risk model: What can go wrong?
ASF-free region
ASF-free herd
Yes
No
OK
OK
Processing
- Surveillance- Barriers- Identification
OK
P(export)