Apple Fruit trees(pomology) D.Faisal shraim Taqwa Saleh.
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Transcript of Apple Fruit trees(pomology) D.Faisal shraim Taqwa Saleh.
King dom: PlantaeSubkingdom: Vascular plantDivision: Mango liophytaSubdivision: AngiospermClass: DicotFamily: RosaceaSubfamily: PomoideaeGenus: MalusSpecies: Malus Dometica
Scientific classification
Growth habit:•Woody crops_deciduous fruit tree_pome fruit•reaching (2_12)m tall•Ther are more than 7500 known cultivers of apple.•different in size, day to harvest, frut size, color, storage days,test & uses
The tree originated in Central Asia, Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought
to North ..America by European colonists
about 69 million tons of apples were grown worldwide in 2010, and China produced almost half
of this total. The United States is the second-leading
producer, with more than 6% of world production. Turkey is
third, followed by Italy, India and Poland
Cold temperate zone
Body of tree:The root system :
tap root and adventitious rootStem:
The stem of apple must be thickness& endurance to hold the branch system (branch,twig,sprouts,productive parts)Branch type:
(straight,bendingdownwards the top,curving upword at the top, bending down in arch_like way
The leaves are alternately arranged dark green-colored simple ovals with serrated margins and slightly downy undersides
leave
flowerflowers are white with a pink tinge that gradually fades, five petaled, with
an inflorescence consisting of a cyme with 4–6 flowers. The central
flower of the inflorescence is called the
"king bloom"; it opens first, and can develop a
larger fruit
Inferior ovary (epigynous
flower)
Classification *based on Position of ovary:
*based on structure:
Complete flower
Energy 50 Kcal 2.5%Carbohydrates 13.81 g 11%
Protein 0.26 g 0.5%Total Fat 0.17 g 0.5%
Cholesterol 0 mg 0%Dietary Fiber 2.40 g 6%Vitamins
Folates 3 µg 1%
Niacin 0.091 mg 1%Pantothenic
acid 0.061 mg 1%
Pyridoxine 0.041 mg 3%
Riboflavin 0.026 mg 2%
Thiamin 0.017 mg 1%
Vitamin C 4.6 mg 8%
Vitamin E 0.18 mg 1%
Vitamin K 2.2 µg 2%
Nutrition value
ElectrolytesSodium 1 mg 0%
Potassium 107 mg 2%
MineralsCalcium 6 mg 0.6%
Iron 0.12 mg 1%Magnesium 5 mg 1%Phosphorus 11 mg 2%
Zinc 0.04 mg 0%
Phyto-nutrientsCarotene-ß 27 µg --
Crypto-xanthin-ß 11 µg --Lutein-zeaxanthin 29 µg --
Nutrition value
soil must be well-drained and easily workedthree types based on its texture:Clay soil:Sandy soilLoamy soil
Apples prefer a slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH between 5.8 and 7.0)
Winter chilling
requirements for most varieties
are 500 to 1000 hr.
below 45° F (7°c) but
above freezing
Chilling reqirment
harvestigBefore they begin to ripen
Apples picked too early are susceptible to shrivel, scald, and bitter pit.
Hand-pick fruit into bags, transfer gently into field bins, shade fruit in bins, then transport to packing sheds
The most mature have the shortest shelf life and should be removed from storage first .Cool fruit as rapidly as possible following harvest, using forced air or hydrocooling
Packaging
packed into plastic bags or corrugated cardboard boxes
Storage
Temperature and Humidity:
Optimal temperatures for long term storage are 30 to 32 Fhigh humidity (95% relative humidity at 32 degrees F)
Atmosphere.
atmospheric pressure of 102 mm mercury (0.16 atmosphere) is often used.