Appendix

See Tables A.1, A.2, A.3, A.4, A.5.

© Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing and Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016D. Wang, Flotation Reagents: Applied Surface Chemistry on Minerals Flotationand Energy Resources Beneficiation, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2027-8

173

Tab

leA.1

App

lications

ofvariou

scollectorsandfrothers

prod

uced

byEng

land

Cyanamid

Com

pany

andDow

Chemical

Com

pany

Reagent

(maincomponent)

Codename

State

Dosage

(g/t)

Dilu

tion

concentration

Addinglocatio

nCom

mon

sulfide

ores

Noble

metal

Heavy

nonferrous

metal

Metallic

and

nonm

etallic

oxides

Grinding

Stirring

Flotation

PbZn

Cu

FeCo,

Ni

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

Xylenol

phosphorodith

ioic

acid

AEROFL

OAT

prom

oter

15Liquid

23–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

25Liquid

23–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

××

×

31Liquid

23–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

33Liquid

23–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

Alkyl

thiophosphoric

acid

194

Liquid

5–45

Undilu

ted

××

××

Solid

umdiethyland

secondary-butyl

dithiophosphates

208

Liquid

5–45

5–20

%×

××

×

Sodium

diisopropyl

dithiophosphate

211

Liquid

23–90

5–20

%×

××

Sodium

disec-butyl

dithiophosphate

238

Liquid

10–45

5–20

%×

××

×

Xylenol

phosphorodith

ioic

ammonium

salt

241

Liquid

10–70

5–20

%×

××

242

Liquid

Ditto

10%

××

×

Sodium

dimethylam

yldithio

phosphate

249

Liquid

10–45

5–20

%×

××

Sodium

diisobutyl

dithiophosphate

3477

Liquid

××

××

×

Sodium

diisoamyl

dithiophosphate

3501

Liquid

××

××

×

Sodium

diethylphosphate

Sodium

Liquid

23–90

5–20

%×

××

×

Sodium

sec-butyl

dithiocarbonate

AERO

orZ

301,

Z-12

Solid

23–70

10–20

%×

××

××

××

××

×

(con

tinued)

174 Appendix

Tab

leA.1

(con

tinued)

Reagent

(maincomponent)

Codename

State

Dosage

(g/t)

Dilu

tion

concentration

Addinglocatio

nCom

mon

sulfide

ores

Noble

metal

Heavy

nonferrous

metal

Metallic

and

nonm

etallic

oxides

Grinding

Stirring

Flotation

PbZn

Cu

FeCo,

Ni

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

Potassium

ethyl

dithiocarbonate

303,

Z-3

Solid

23–90

10–20

%×

××

××

××

××

Sodium

isobutyl

dithiocarbonate

317,

Z-14

Solid

23–90

10–20

%×

××

××

××

××

Sodium

ethyl

dithiocarbonate

325,

Z-4

solid

23–90

10–20

%×

××

××

××

××

Sodium

isopropyl

dithiocarbonate

343,

Z-11

Solid

23–90

10–20

%×

××

××

××

××

Potassium

amyl

dithiocarbonate

350,

Z-6

Solid

23–70

10–20

%×

××

××

××

××

Sodium

amyl

dithiocarbonate

355

Solid

23–70

10–20

%×

××

××

×

Xanthate

AERO

prom

oter

3302

Liquid

5–23

Undilu

ted

××

××

×

3461

Liquid

5–23

Undilu

ted

××

××

×

Mecaptobenzothiazole

AERO

prom

oter

404

Liquid

23–230

5%

××

××

××

××

××

Mecaptobenzothiazole

407

Liquid

23–230

5%

××

××

××

××

××

412

Liquid

23–230

5%

××

××

××

××

××

425

Liquid

23–230

5%

××

××

××

×

Aminothionicester

Z-200

N-ethyl,

O-isopropyl

Liquid

23–45

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

AERO

(con

tinued)

Appendix 175

Tab

leA.1

(con

tinued)

Reagent

(maincomponent)

Codename

State

Dosage

(g/t)

Dilu

tion

concentration

Addinglocatio

nCom

mon

sulfide

ores

Noble

metal

Heavy

nonferrous

metal

Metallic

and

nonm

etallic

oxides

Grinding

Stirring

Flotation

PbZn

Cu

FeCo,

Ni

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

Thiam

butosines

130

Solid

23–70

5–10

%×

××

××

×

AERO

prom

oter

Crude

taroils

710

Liquid

90–900

5–10

%×

××

Essentialtaroils

723

Liquid

90–900

Undilu

ted

××

×

765

Liquid

90–900

5–10

%×

××

Fatty

amine

AERO-M

INE

prom

oter

3035

Liquid

45–230

Undilu

ted

××

×

3037

Pasty

45–230

Emulsion

××

××

×

AERO

prom

oter

Petroleum

sulfonate

801R

Liquid

230–1400

10–30

%(disperse)

××

×

899R

Liquid

230–1400

Ditto

××

×

825

Liquid

230–1400

10–30

%(disperse)

××

××

840

Liquid

230–1400

××

××

830

Pasty

140–168

10–20

%(disperse)

××

×

845

Pasty

140–168

××

×

870

Liquid

23–90

××

×

Alip

hatic

acid

Liquid

90–900

Emulsify

××

××

Alip

hatic

acid

soap

Liquid

90–900

5–10

%×

××

Kerosene,

hydrocarbonoil

Liquid

230–1800

Undilu

ted

××

××

AEROFR

OTH

(con

tinued)

176 Appendix

Tab

leA.1

(con

tinued)

Reagent

(maincomponent)

Codename

State

Dosage

(g/t)

Dilu

tion

concentration

Addinglocatio

nCom

mon

sulfide

ores

Noble

metal

Heavy

nonferrous

metal

Metallic

and

nonm

etallic

oxides

Grinding

Stirring

Flotation

PbZn

Cu

FeCo,

Ni

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

Alcohols

Frother

65Liquid

5–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

××

Branchedethanol

70Liquid

15–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

××

Pentanol,hexylalcohol

cyclopentanol,cyclohexanol

71A

Liquid

15–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

××

Alcohols

73Liquid

23–230

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

××

Linearalcoholswith

4–8C

77A

Liquid

13–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

×

Pine

oil

Liquid

13–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

××

××

×

Cresylic

acid

Liquid

23–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

××

×

Eucalyptusoil

Liquid

23–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

××

Polyglycol

Dow

frother

200

Liquid

5–90

××

××

××

××

××

×

Polypropyleneglycol

ethers

250

Liquid

5–90

Undilu

ted

××

××

××

××

××

×

Appendix 177

Tab

leA.2

App

lications

ofmainflo

tatio

nreagentsused

intheSo

viet

Union

(quo

tedfrom

Cпp

aвoчникпo

OбoгaЩ

eнию

Pyл)

Reagent

Com

ponent

Characteristic

Preparation

App

lication

Indu

strial

oleicacid

Fatty

acid

mixture,o

leic

acid

ClassА:organicacid

95%

classБ:

organicacid

92–95

%Acidvalue:

175–21

0,Iodine

value:

80–10

5,Moisturecontent0.5%

Freezing

point

ClassА:<10

°CClassБ:

16°C

ClassВ:34

°C

Blend

with

kerosene

with

aprop

ortio

nof

1:1

or1:2,

ormixed,or

emulsified

with

water

Fish

oilsoap

Oleic

acid

Linoleicacid

Stearicacid

Acidvalue:

3–30

Iodine

value:

70–20

0Mixed

with

taroilsand

sapo

nified

with

caustic

soda

Sulfatesoap

Fatty

acid

soap,resinacid

soap,xy

logen,

tann

in,

dyeing

,sulfuric

minerals

Fatty

acid

content:>4

5%

Moisturecontent:<5

0%

Ash

content:8%

Paperindu

stry

Mixed

with

hydrocarbo

noilwhen

heated

to50–90

°C

Crude

taroils

Fatty

acid

andresinacid

Oleic

acid

28–43

%Linoleicacid

38–65

%Linolenic

acid

0.5–

2.0%

Stearicacid

4–10

%Palm

acid

4–10

%

ClassА:organicacid

95%

ClassБ:

organicacid

90%

Fatty

acid:35

–55

%Resin

acid:30–55

%Neutral

:4–20

%Acidvalue:

115–17

5So

apvalue:

140–

180

Makingup

aqueou

ssolutio

n;mixed

with

hydrocarbo

noil

emulsified

byem

ulsifier;

sapo

nified

with

caustic

soda;

emulsified

bysodium

alky

lbenzenesulfon

ate

andalky

lsod

iumsulfate

Rectifi

catio

ntaroils

Fatty

acid

andresinacid

Oleic

acid

28–43

%Linoleicacid

38–65

%,

Linolenic

acid

0.5–

2.0%

Stearicacid

4–10

%Palm

acid

4–10

%

ClassА,Б:

organicacid

92–95

%,

Resin

acid:<4

0%

Acidvalue:

150–15

8So

apvalue:

160–

170

Fractio

nate

crud

etaroilsat

200–23

5°C

Makingup

1–10

%em

ulsion

or1–15

%sapo

nified

fluid;

Mixingwith

anionic

collector

(con

tinued)

178 Appendix

Tab

leA.2

(con

tinued)

Reagent

Com

ponent

Characteristic

Preparation

App

lication

Tar

oilfatty

acid

The

prop

ortio

nof

oleicacid

andlin

oleicacid

1:1and

someun

sapo

nifiable

matter

ClassА,Б:

resinacid<2

%ClassВ:resinacid

<3%

ClassГ:

resinacid

18–25

%Unsapon

ifiable

mattercontent:

ClassА:<3

%ClassБ:

<5%

ClassВ,Г:

4%

Acidvalue:

180

1–10

%em

ulsion

,1–

15%

caustic

soda,

sapo

nified

fluid

Naphthenicsoap

Naphthenicsoap,

hydrocarbo

nWith

certaincontentof

NaC

land

Na 2SO

4

Naphthenicsoap

content:>4

3%

Unsapon

ifiable

mattercontent:

<13%

Acidvalue:

<20

Prod

uctsof

oilindu

stry

orprod

uctsof

kerosene,

gasolin

ewhenpu

rified

byalkali

20%

aqueou

ssolutio

n

Rectifying

naph

thenic

soap

Mixed

naph

thenic

acids

Naphthenicacid

content:>4

5%

Acidvalue:

220–25

0Paperindu

stry

5–10

%liq

uidsoap

Synthetic

fatty

acid

n-carbox

ylic

acid

mixtures,

few

isom

eric

acid

Prod

ucts

Acid

value

Unsapon

ifiable

mattercontent

Prepared

from

oxidized

paraffin

C7–C9:1–

10%

liquid

soap,

C10–C167:directly

used,

C17–C28:mixed

with

tar

oil

7–9C

370–

410

<1%

10–16

C22

0–26

5<3

%

7–20

C19

5–21

0<5

%

Ether

acid

3–10

(con

tinued)

Appendix 179

Tab

leA.2

(con

tinued)

Reagent

Com

ponent

Characteristic

Preparation

App

lication

Synthetic

isom

eric

acid

The

prop

ortio

nof

n-carbox

ylicacidsandisom

eric

acidsis1:1with

10*20

carbon

atom

s.

Acidvalue:

250–27

0So

apvalue:

265–

285

Freezing

point:+

5–+8

°C

Prepared

byox

idationof

isom

eric

aliphatic

hydrocarbo

n

C7–C9:1–

10%

liquid

soap,

C10–C167:directly

used,

C17–C28:mixed

with

tar

oil

Oxidizedkerosene

Mixed

carbox

ylic

acids,

hydrox

yacidsandother

oxides

Acidvalue:

>45%

Prepared

byox

idationof

kerosene

5–10

%em

ulsion

with

taroil

Fatty

acid

from

diethy

lsebacate

Mixed

high

erfatty

acid

(oleic

acid

andstearicacid),esters

andmethy

lethy

lalcoho

l,castor

oil

Fatty

acid

content:>7

5%

Moisturecontent:<2

0%

Acidvalue:

>140

Soap

value:

>150

Prepared

bypy

rogenic

decompo

sitio

nricino

leic

soap

5–10

%liq

uidsoap,

mixed

with

alky

lsulfonate

ortaroil

Petroleum

asph

alt

Triglyceride,

dissociate

and

polymerized

esters

Acidvalue:

50–60

Soap

value:

140–

150

Unsapon

ifiable

matters:15–20

%,

Fatty

acid:20

–22

%

Prepared

bymakingoleic

acid

5–10

%liq

uidsoap

stabilizedwith

taroil

Cottonseedoilmaltha

Mixed

fatty

acids(oleic

acid,

linoleicacid,andpalm

acid)

Fatty

acid

content:50–60

%Prod

uctswhile

distilling

cotto

nseedoil

5–10

%liq

uidsoap,

mixed

with

taroil

Oilmaltha

Carbo

xylic

acids,hy

drox

yacids,andesters

Acidvalue:

>20

Soap

value:

100–

200

Iodine

value:

45–60

Prod

uctswhile

distilling

naturaloil

2–5%

liquidsoap,

treatedwith

soda

orNaO

H

Oxy

vaselin

eMixed

carbox

ylic

acids,

hydrox

yacids,esters,and

vaselin

e

Acidvalue:

>55

Soap

value:

140

Moisturecontent:<2

0%

Prepared

byox

idationof

vaselin

eSo

dasoap

Pyrolytic

woo

dtaroil

Polyph

enols,organicoil

acids,hy

drocarbon

sPo

lyph

enols:35–50

%Acid:

5–9%

Neutral

matter:40–50

%Acidvalue:

250–27

0

Prepared

bydistillationof

woo

ds5–

10%

aqueou

ssolutio

nor

emulsion

(con

tinued)

180 Appendix

Tab

leA.2

(con

tinued)

Reagent

Com

ponent

Characteristic

Preparation

App

lication

ΦocΦoteH

Sodium

saltof

thereactio

nprod

uctof

P 2S 5

and

naph

thenic

acid

Acidvalue:

>200

%1–

5%

aqueou

ssolutio

n

HOBOCTbA

Sulfate,

sodium

saltof

fatty

acids(C7–C9)

with

sodium

hydrocarbo

nsulfon

ateand

carbox

ymethy

lcellu

lose

Sodium

allylsulfon

ate:

abou

t40

%,sodium

hydrocarby

lsulfon

ate:

40–50

%,un

sulfon

ated

matter:>1

40,moisturecontent:

>150

Prepared

bysulfon

atingof

fatty

alcoho

ls1–

2%

aqueou

ssolutio

n,mixed

with

sodium

oleate

andtaroil

Fatty

acidsof

second

ary

alcoho

lAlkyl

sulfate(C

11–C20)and

Na 2SO

4

RSO

4>26

%Na 2SO

4<30

%Prepared

bysulfatingof

alcoho

lmadefrom

oxidized

paraffin

1–5%

aqueou

ssolutio

n

Прогресс

Aqu

eous

solutio

nof

fatty

acidsof

second

aryalcoho

l

RH C CH3OSO3N

aR4*

14

RSO

4>20

%,hy

drocarbon

s<1

8%,

isom

eric

alcoho

l<5%,

Na 2SO

4abou

t30

%

Prod

uctsby

sulfatingof

alcoho

lswith

6–8°C

6–20

%solutio

n

OPC

Sodium

aliphatate,

hydrocarby

lsulfon

ate,

hydrocarby

lsulfate,

and

hydrocarbon

s

Activematter:20–25

%Su

lfon

ate:

60%

Prepared

bysulfon

atingof

prod

uctsfrom

brandoil

1–10

%aqueou

ssolutio

n

Alkylsulfon

ate

RSO

3Na(R12*18)

RSO

3Na:

>88.5%

RSO

3H:<8

%Prepared

bysulfon

atingof

kerosene

0.5–

10%

aqueou

ssolutio

n

Волгонат

Mixturesof

RSO

3Na

RSO

3Na:

>92%

NaC

l:<6

%0.5–

10%

aqueou

ssolutio

n

Сулгьфонаг

Mixturesof

R—C6H

4—SO

3Na

Con

tent

ofactiv

efractio

ns:40

–

50%

Prepared

bysulfon

atingof

fossiloil

Usedas

dispersant

agentforfatty

acid

calcium

soap

ПетроваКП

Ditto

(con

tinued)

Appendix 181

Tab

leA.2

(con

tinued)

Reagent

Com

ponent

Characteristic

Preparation

App

lication

АзолягА

Dialkylbenzenesodium

sulfon

ate

R1=C10–C12,R2-C5–C7

Activecontent:45

%Na 2SO

4:10–15

%Unsulfonatedmatter:5%

Prepared

bybenzene

sulfon

ationof

prod

uctsfrom

fossiloil

0.5–

10%

solutio

n

Некаль

1,2,3-tributyl

naph

thalenesulfonicacid

solutio

n

Activematter:16–20

%NaC

l:<0

.7%

Prepared

bysulfon

atingof

alky

lnaph

thalene

1–10

%aqueou

ssolutio

n

Emulgator

Mixturesof

naph

thenic

acid,

hydrocarby

lsulfon

ate,

and

petroleum

hydrocarbo

n

Prod

uctsby

petroleum

hydrocarbo

nof

fossiloil

3–10

%em

ulsion

Isoo

ctylph

osph

ate

Mixturesof

phosph

oric

acid

mon

oester

sodium

salt,

and

phosph

oric

acid

diester

sodium

salt

Phosph

oric

acid

mon

oester

sodium

salt:

30%,

di-iso-octylph

osph

ate:

70%

Prod

uctsof

reactio

nof

P 2O5

andalcoho

l1–

10%

solutio

n

ИМ-50

R–CO–NHOH,

C7–C9:ИМ-50,

ИМ-51,ИМ-52else

Moisturecontent:7–9%

Activeconstituent:>7

5%

Prod

uctsof

carbox

ymethy

ldealtwith

hydrox

ylam

ine

sulfate

1–10

%solutio

nheated

to40

–50

°C,

10–50

%hy

drocarbo

noilsolutio

n

Dith

iocarbon

ate

ROCSS

Me

Class

1:87

%,class2:

83%

Isop

ropy

l:80

%,amyl:8

7,85

,76%

,C6–C8 9:ИМ-68dithiocarbon

ate,

C7–C9:ИМ-79dithiocarbon

ate

Alcoh

oldialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

anddithiocarbon

ithioic

acid:

60–90

%

Alcoh

oldialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

(RO) 2PS

SMe

Isop

ropy

l,ethy

lcontent:>6

0%,

alcoho

ldialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

andethy

ldialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

Prod

uctsof

neutralizationof

theprod

uctsof

heatingP 2S 5

andalcoho

lwith

Na 2CO3,

NH3and(N

H4)2C

O3

5–10

%solutio

n,C6–C89,C7–C9:5–

10%

emulsion

with

alcoho

ldithioph

osph

ate (con

tinued)

182 Appendix

Tab

leA.2

(con

tinued)

Reagent

Com

ponent

Characteristic

Preparation

App

lication

Phenol

dialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

(RO) 2PS

SMe

Cresoldialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid:>6

0%,

xyleno

ldialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid:>5

5%

2–10

%aqueou

ssolutio

nor

emulsion

heated

with

0.5%

NH4O

Hsolutio

n

Hyd

rolysis

dialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

Mixturesof

thioph

osph

oric

acidR1=C10*C12,R2-C5–

C7

Activecontent:45

%Na 2SO

4:10–15

%Unsulfonatedmatter:5%

Prepared

bybenzene

sulfon

ationof

prod

uctsfrom

fossiloil

5–10

%aqueou

ssolutio

n

Hyd

rocarbyl

dithiocarbam

ate

RNHCSS

K(N

a)or

RNRCSS

K(N

a)So

lutio

nД

300–

400g/l,

solutio

nЕ12

5–17

5g/l,

diethy

l,cycloh

exyl,methy

l

Reactionprod

uctof

aniline,

CS 2

andalkali

2–10

%aqueou

ssolutio

n

Thiam

butosines

(C6H

5NH) 2CS

Meltin

gPo

int:15

3–15

5o C

,density

:1.32

–1.35

Reactionprod

uctof

aniline

andCS 2

Directly

used

ordissolving

with

toluidine

Benzothiazolethiol

RH2

CN

Cl

Benzothiazolethiol:>9

3%,

impu

rity:aniline,sulfur

Reactionprod

uctof

aniline,

sulfur

andCS 2

2–3%

sodium

salt

solutio

n

Thion

iccarbam

icacid

ester

ROC

NHR

SROC

NR

SH

Prop

ylmethy

l,isop

ropy

lethy

l,ethy

lReactionprod

uctof

dialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

andam

ine

Directly

used

orused

as2–

10%

emulsion

Fatty

amine

RNH2,C7–C9,C10–C16,

C16–C20

Prim

aryam

ines:>7

6.5%;

Second

aryam

ines:<1

5%;

Prod

uctsof

redu

ctionof

ammon

ium

saltof

synthetic

acid

orprod

uctsof

hydrog

enationof

alky

lnitrate

0.5–

5%

HClsalt

solutio

n

АΗП-2

RNH2�H

Cl,C14–C15

Prim

aryam

ines

hydrochloride:

>76.5%,

Second

aryam

ines

hydrochloride:

<3%,

АΗП-1:distillingat

240–

290

o CАΗП-2:distillingat

220*

350

o CАΗП-3:distillingat

250*

350

o C

Prod

uctsof

redu

ctionof

ammon

ium

saltof

synthetic

acid

orprod

uctsof

hydrog

enationof

alky

lnitrate

0.5–

5%

HClsalt

solutio

n

(con

tinued)

Appendix 183

Tab

leA.2

(con

tinued)

Reagent

Com

ponent

Characteristic

Preparation

App

lication

Κатапинк

RH2

CN

Cl

R=C6–C8

Activematter:>7

5%

Moisturecontent:<1

5%

Con

densationprod

uctof

pyridine

andchloroalkane

1–10

%solutio

n

Dixanthog

enROCSS

SSCOR

C6*

C8:30%

oxidationprod

uctof

dialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

directly

used

or1*

5%em

ulsion

Xanthog

enate

ROCSS

R′

АБ-1:

butyl-allyl,

C4H

9OC(S)S—

CH2—

CH=C

H2:

99%

Reactionprod

uctof

dialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

andalkeny

lhalid

es

Directly

used

or1–

5%

emulsion

ИΜ-68

Mixingfatty

alcoho

lAlcoh

olcontent:>9

6%

1–5%

emulsion

Isoalcoh

ol(CH3)2C

(OH)CH2C

H2C

H3

Alcoh

olcontent:>9

5%

Meltin

gpo

int:14

o CBoilin

gpo

int:11

9–12

1o C

Hyd

rogenatio

nprod

uctof

prop

ylene

Water

emulsion

ТЭБ

H3C

H C O C2H

5H2

CCH2

()

OC2H

52

Crudegrade:

>85%

Puregrade:

>96%

Reactionprod

uctof

croton

icaldehy

deandethy

lalcoh

ol0.5–

1%

emulsion

ОПС

R–O–(C

2H6O

)n–H

ОПСМ:prop

oxy,

ethy

lalcoh

olОПСБ:

prop

oxy,

butylalcoho

l

Terpene

alcoho

lMixingterpenealcoho

land

terpenes

ClassА:terpenealcoho

l>6

0%

ClassБ:

oterpenealcoho

l>5

0%

ClassВ:terpenealcoho

l>4

0%

Boilin

gpo

int:16

8o C

Moisturecontent:2.5%

Pine

oil

Mixingterpenealcoho

land

terpenes

Acidvalue:

1–2

СМЭФ:terpenealcoho

l50

–75

%СУМФ:terpenealcoho

l50*

60%

Oxidatio

nprod

uctof

dialky

lpho

spho

rodithioic

acid

1–10

%solutio

n

(con

tinued)

184 Appendix

Tab

leA.2

(con

tinued)

Reagent

Com

ponent

Characteristic

Preparation

App

lication

EmulsifierОП-4

Reactionprod

uctsof

alky

lpheno

landethy

lene

oxide

1–10

%em

ulsion

EmulsifierОП-7

ОП-10

R=C8–C10,R

1=Ror

H,n

=6–

730–40

%water

solutio

nReactionprod

uctsof

alky

lpheno

landethy

lene

oxide

1–10

%em

ulsion

Oxalic

acid

HOOC–COOH

Oxalic

acid

content:95%

1–5%

water

solutio

n

Citric

acid

Citric

acid

content:>9

5%

Amylum

Mixed

amyloseand

amylop

ectin

Amylosecontent:15

–25

%Amylop

ectin

content:75

–80

%n=10

0–20

00

Prepared

from

potato

and

corn

0.5–

3%

water

solutio

nbo

iled,

NaO

H,soda

Dextrin

Starch

prod

ucts

Acidvalue:

>10

Moisturecontent:<25

%Oxidatio

nprod

uctsof

amylum

0.5–

3%

water

solutio

nbo

iled,

NaO

H,soda

Tannin

Coagu

lated:

extractiv

eof

Quebracho

,po

lyph

enols

hydrolytic:gallicacids,

extractiv

eof

gallic

Extractiveof

oak,

spruce,and

liquo

rice

intheSo

viet

Union

Tannincontentin

oak:

45%

Tannincontentin

spruce:3

7–40

%

Extracted

incold

water

and

evaporated

into

cream

with

orwith

outNaH

SO4

1–5%

water

solutio

n

Carbo

xymethy

lcellulose

n>30

0So

lidcontent>3

0%

Degreeof

etherificatio

n:80

%ClassВ:terpenealcoho

l>4

0%

Moisturecontent:<24

%

Ethylsulfon

icsodium

cellu

lose

n=20

0–60

0Insolubles

:<5

%NaC

l:<1

%Moisturecontent:8–10

%

Reactionprod

uctof

sulfiny

lcellu

lose

andchloroethy

lsodium

0.5–

5%

aqueou

ssolutio

n

(con

tinued)

Appendix 185

Tab

leA.2

(con

tinued)

Reagent

Com

ponent

Characteristic

Preparation

App

lication

Sodium

methy

lsulfate

cellu

lose

n=20

0–50

0So

dium

methy

lsulfatecellu

lose

content:>4

0%

Reactionprod

uctof

sulfiny

lcellu

lose

andSO

3

0.5–

5%

water

solutio

n

Sulfurou

scellu

lose

Prod

uctof

paperindu

stry

Polyacrylamide

Polycond

ensatio

nof

acrylonitrile

andacrylamide,

prop

enoicacid

МТУ:po

lyacrylamidecontent:7–

10%

Hyd

rolyzing

acrylonitrile

inH2SO4and

thenpo

lymerization

0.1–

1%

water

solutio

n(add

ingNaO

Hwhen

hydrolyzation

186 Appendix

Tab

leA.3

App

lications

ofregu

lators

(quo

tedfrom

miningchem

icalshand

book

no.26

)

Nam

eState

Dosage

(g/t)

Usage

Adjustio

nof

pHSu

lfide

ore

Nob

lemetal

Non

metallic

ore,

nonsulfide

minerals

Alkali

Lim

ePo

wder

230–23

00Dry

powder

or5%

emulsion

×Depressingthe

floatationof

sulfide

ore,

PbS,

andmarmatite;

depressing

floatatio

nof

copp

erorewith

high

dosage

Depressing

floatationof

gold

ores,

depressing

sulfide

silver

oreweakly

Soda

Powder

230–14

00Dry

powder

or10

%water

solutio

n

×Im

prov

ingthe

dispersibilityof

sulfide

ores,

improv

ingthe

activ

ationof

CuS

O4on

arseno

pyrite

Improv

ingthe

flotatio

nof

noble

metal

Improv

ingtheflo

tatio

nof

scheelite,softeningwater

Alkali-affected

silicate

Solid

orpo

wder

230–14

005–

20%

solutio

n×

Dispersingtheores

and

increasing

thequ

ality

andrecovery,

decreasing

thefoam

viscou

sanddepressing

theflotationof

silicon

andsilicate

Increasing

the

quality

ofconcentrates

Improv

ingtherecovery

NaO

HSo

lid23

0–18

005–

10%

solutio

n×

Improv

ingthe

activ

ationof

copp

ersalt

onarseno

pyrite,

depressing

PbS

Improv

ingthe

recovery

offree

gold

Usedas

alkalin

ityadjustment

Alkali-affected

phosph

ate

Powder

230–90

05–

10%

solutio

nIncreasing

thequ

ality

ofconcentrates,

especially

toiron

oxide

slurry

Improv

ingthe

recovery

ofno

ble

metal

from

slim

med

ores

Increasing

thequ

ality

and

recovery

ofPb

O,

improv

ingtherecovery

ofno

nmetallic

orewhen

usingfatty

acid(con

tinued)

Appendix 187

Tab

leA.3

(con

tinued)

Nam

eState

Dosage

(g/t)

Usage

Adjustio

nof

pHSu

lfide

ore

Nob

lemetal

Non

metallic

ore,

nonsulfide

minerals

Organ

icacid

andinorga

nicacid

H2SO4(sulfuric

acid)

liquid

230–23

0010

%solutio

nIm

prov

ingtherecovery

ofsulfide

ores,

especially

cyanideafter

depressedby

lime

Improv

ingthe

recovery

ofAufrom

pulp

andthickening

pulp

Improv

ingtherecovery

ofiron

oxidewhenusing

mahog

anysulfon

ateas

floatingagent

HF(hyd

rofluo

ric

acid)

Liquid

230–18

00Und

iluted

Depressingmica,

improv

ing

thefloatatio

nof

feldspar

whenusingcatio

nic

collector,

improv

ingtherecovery

ofberyl,ilm

enite,and

chromite

H2PO3

(metapho

spho

ric

acid)

Liquid

230–18

0010

%solutio

nIm

prov

ingtheflo

atation

ofPb

Owhenusing

mecaptobenzothiazole

Citric

acid

Solid

230–90

010

%solutio

n

Lactic

acid

Liquid

230*

–90

010

%solutio

nDepressingthe

floatationof

micawhen

usingFeS

Depressingmica

Cyanide-con

tainingcompo

und

Alkali-affected

cyanide-containing

compo

und

Granu

larity

orplaty

5–23

05%

solutio

nDepressingZnS

and

FeS;

depressing

CuS

,CoS

,andNiS

with

excessive

dosage

DissolvingAuand

Ag

DepressingSiO2andother

silicates

Ferrocyanide,

ferricyanide

Powder

45–90

05%

DepressingFeSfrom

CoS

andNiS

(con

tinued)

188 Appendix

Tab

leA.3

(con

tinued)

Nam

eState

Dosage

(g/t)

Usage

Adjustio

nof

pHSu

lfide

ore

Nob

lemetal

Non

metallic

ore,

nonsulfide

minerals

sulfite

andsulfide

Alkali-affected

sulfite

Powder

230–

1800

5%

DepressingFeS,ZnS

,andbisulfite

SO2(sulfur

diox

ide)

Gas

230–

4500

3%

DepressingFeS,ZnS

;depressing

CuS

accompany

with

cyanide;

streng

theningthe

differentialflo

atationof

CuS

from

Pbsulfide

ore

H2S

(hyd

rogen

sulfide)

Gas

90–90

0Gas

Improv

ingtherecovery

ofsulfide

oreand

precipitatin

gheavy

metal

ion;

depressing

FeS,

CuS

intheseparatio

nof

Cu-Co

ore

DepressingAu,

Ag,

sulfide

ores

and

chloride

Activatinglead

carbon

ate

andcopp

ercarbon

ate;

improv

ingtheflo

atationof

CoO

andVO

Sodium

sulid

esolid

230–

2300

5%

Alkalihy

pochlorite

Powder

230–

900

5%

5%

DepressingCuS

inthe

separatio

nof

Cu–

Co

improv

ingtheseperatio

nof

MgC

O3

Metal

ionsalt

CuS

O4

Granu

larity

90–23

00Dry

orsaturated

solutio

n

ActivatingZnS

,im

prov

ingthe

floatatio

nof

FeSA

s,sm

altite,

FeS,

and

Sb2S

3

Improv

ingthe

recovery

offine-grained

Au

ZnS

O4

Granu

larity

45–13

0010

%DepressingZnS

Improv

ingthe

floatatio

nof

Au

Hg(NO3)2

Granu

larity

45–90

010

%(con

tinued)

Appendix 189

Tab

leA.3

(con

tinued)

Nam

eState

Dosage

(g/t)

Usage

Adjustio

nof

pHSu

lfide

ore

Nob

lemetal

Non

metallic

ore,

nonsulfide

minerals

Chrom

ateand

dichromate

Granu

larity

90–23

0010

%DepressingPb

S;depressing

CuS

and

FeSwith

excessive

dosage

Improv

ingtheflo

atation

ofsm

ithsonitein

company

with

sulfide;

depressing

calcite

and

fluorite;

Ferrou

ssulfateand

ferric

sulfate

Granu

larity

45–90

010

%solutio

nDepressingsulfide

ores

Depressingthe

floatationof

dissociatedAu

Activatingqu

artz,

increasing

therecovery

ofPb

Sdepressedby

chromate;

improv

ingtheseparatio

nof

nonm

etallic

ores;

Pb(N

O3)2

Granu

larity

45–90

05–

10%

ActivatingSb

2S3and

CuS

depressedby

cyanide

Improv

ingthe

recovery

ofpo

lluted

dissociatedAu

Improv

ingtherecovery

ofsilicates

andcarbon

ates

whenusingsoap

asflo

tatio

nreagent;

improv

ingtheseparatio

nof

sodium

saltfrom

alkali

salt;

Pb(CH3C

OO) 2

Al 2(SO4)3

Granu

larity

45–90

05%

Improv

ingtheflo

atation

offeldspar

whenusing

catio

niccollector;

depressing

calcite,fl

uorite,

andsomeother

nonm

etallic

ores;

activ

atingqu

artz;

AlCl 3

Manganate

Granu

larity

45–90

05%

Selectivelydepressing

pyrrho

titeand

arseno

pyrite

inpy

rite;

Perm

anganate

(con

tinued)

190 Appendix

Tab

leA.3

(con

tinued)

Nam

eState

Dosage

(g/t)

Usage

Adjustio

nof

pHSu

lfide

ore

Nob

lemetal

Non

metallic

ore,

nonsulfide

minerals

depressing

sphalerite;

orga

niccollo

idAERO

Depressant61

0Po

wder

0.01–1.0

2.5%

Increasing

thegradeof

concentrates,

depressing

sulfide

ores

with

excessivedo

sage

DepressingAuwith

excessivedo

sage

Depressingcarbon

ate

minerals,talcum

,serpentin

e;dispersing

slim

es

610

0.05–1.0

620

Powder

2.5%

Depressingsulfide

ores

DepressingAuwith

excessivedo

sage

633

Powder

2.5%

Depressingsulfide

ores

DepressingAuwith

excessivedo

sage

CYQ

UEST

3223

Powder

5–23

01–

10%

Increasing

the

selectivity

ofsulfide

ores

Increasing

theselectivity

of nonsulfide

minerals

Antiprecipitator

AEROFOLC

SUPE

RFL

OC

Powder

5–23

00.05

–

1.0%

Increasing

the

selectivity

ofsulfide

ores

Depressinggang

ue;

increasing

theselectivity

Flocculant

Tannin

Powder

5–23

05%

Depressingsulfide

ores

Depressinggo

ldsulfide

oreandsilver

sulfide

orewith

excessivedo

sage

Depressingcalcite

and

dolomite

Tannicacid

Powder

Amylum

Powder

45–45

05%

DepressingPb

Sand

silver

sulfide

orewith

excessivedo

sage

DepressingAuwith

excessivedo

sage

Depressingcarbon

ate

mineralsandtalcum

Gum

Powder

45–45

05%

Con

trollin

ggang

ueslim

eDepressingmicaminerals

Appendix 191

Tab

leA.4

Com

mon

flocculants(O

liver:Eng

andMing16

4(19

63)19

3)

Manufacturerand

reagent

Chemical

compo

sitio

nFu

nctio

nal

mechanism

pHrang

eof

valid

itySo

lutio

nconcentration

Dosage

12

34

56

Allied

chem

ical

corp

Aluminum

sulfate

Al 2(SO4)3•14

H2O

Electrolyte,

cosedimentatio

n5.5–

8.5,

>10.5

5–50

%15

ppm

fortreatin

gwater,

indefinite

forotherpu

rposes

American

cyan

amid

CO

(a)Aerofl

oc55

0(b)Aerofl

oc31

71(c)Su

perfloc

16(d)Su

perfloc

20(e)Aerom

ine31

71(f)Aerosol

3171

(g)Magniflo

c99

0(h)Accurac

24

(a)Hyd

rolyzedpo

lyacrylonitrile

(b)Po

lyacrylamide

(c)Po

lyacrylamide

(d)Po

lyacrylamide

(e)Cationicactiv

eagent

(f)Alcoh

olated

alky

lguanidine

and

aminecomplex

(g)Po

lyacrylamide

(h)Po

lyacrylamide

(a)Bridg

ing

(b)Bridg

ing

(c)Bridg

ing

(d)Bridg

ing

(e)Electrolyte

(f)Electrolyte

71(g)Bridg

ing

(h)Bridg

ing

(a)5–10

(b)Gam

ut(c)Gam

ut(d)Gam

ut(e)Gam

ut(f)Gam

ut(g)Gam

ut(h)3–

10

(a)1%

(b)1%

(c)1%

(d)1%

(e)5–10

%(f)5–

10%

(g)0.1–0.5%

(h)0.1–0.5%

(a)0.5–10

ppm

5–50

0g/t

(b)0.5–

10pp

m5–

500g/t

(c)0.5–10

ppm

5–50

0g/t

(d)0.5–

10pp

m5–

500g/t

(e)50–50

0g/t

(f)50–50

0g/t

(g)0.05

–0.5pp

m(h)0.05

–0.5pp

m

ArnoldHpffmar

&CoInc

Sedo

maxF

Synthetic

organiccomplex

electrolyte

Bridg

ing

5–10

0.05–5%

50–10

00g/t

LetzBab

oratoriesIcn

(a)Po

ly-FlocNo.

3(a)Sy

nthetic

polymer

amide

(a)Bridg

ing

No

restriction

(a)2.5%

(a)10–60

ppm

(b)Po

ly-FlocNo.

4(b)Sy

nthetic

polymer

amide

(b)Bridg

ing

No

restriction

(b)2%

(b)10

–25

ppm

(c)Po

ly-FlocNo.

9(c)Sy

nthetic

organicelectrolyte

(c)Electrolyt

co-coagu

late

No

restriction

(c)5%

(c)1–10

ppm

(con

tinued)

192 Appendix

Tab

leA.4

(con

tinued)

Manufacturerand

reagent

Chemical

compo

sitio

nFu

nctio

nal

mechanism

pHrang

eof

valid

itySo

lutio

nconcentration

Dosage

12

34

56

Burtonite

Co

(a)Burtonite

No.

78(a)End

osperm

ofseedsof

Guar

andothers

ofthesamefamily

(a)Bridg

ing

(a)Gam

ut(a)0.25–

0.5%

(a)2–15

ppm

(b)Clu-Beeds

No.22

(b)Animal

protein

(b)Electrolyt,

co-coagu

late,

bridging

(b)1–

7,6–

10(b)1%

(b)2–

75pp

m

Dow

Chemical

Co

(a)SeparanNP 1

0(a)Acrylam

idesynthetic

polymer

(a)Bridg

ing

Gam

ut0.00

5%

10–75

g/t(for

precipitatio

n);

10–75

g/t(for

filtration);

0.25

–1.0pp

m(for

treatin

gwater)

(b)SeparanNP 2

0(b)Acrylam

idesynthetic

polymer

(b)Bridg

ing

Gam

ut0.00

5%

(c)SeparanAP

30(c)Aminepo

lymer

ofam

ide

(c)Bridg

ing

>70.00

5%

(d)SeparanMGL

(d)Acrylam

idesynthetic

polymer

(d)Bridg

ing

Gam

ut0.00

5%

(e)SeparanPG

2(e)Acrylam

idesynthetic

polymer

(e)Bridg

ing

Gam

ut0.00

5%

(f)SeparanN

P 10PWG

(f)Acrylam

idesynthetic

polymer

(f)Bridg

ing

Gam

ut0.00

5%

E.I.DuPon

tde

Nenou

s&

Co

Grade

7WD

Carbo

xymethy

lcellulose

Co-coagulate

2–10

,4–

61–2%

(storing

)25

–25

0g/t

Sodium

CMC

0.2%(using

)

General

Ana

line&

Film

Corp.

(a)PV

PK

90Po

lyethy

lene

Co-coagulating

complexation

Gam

ut1–20

%(storing

)5–

50g/t

(b)Gantrez

AN

Polyethermaleicanhy

dride

Bridg

ing

complexation

Gam

utApp

ropriate

5pp

m

(con

tinued)

Appendix 193

Tab

leA.4

(con

tinued)

Manufacturerand

reagent

Chemical

compo

sitio

nFu

nctio

nal

mechanism

pHrang

eof

valid

itySo

lutio

nconcentration

Dosage

12

34

56

General

MillsInc

Guartec

Guargu

mBridg

ing

4–12

(a)0.5–1.0%

25–25

0g/t

I.F.Goo

drichChemical

Co

(a)Goo

drichK72

0SWater

solublesynthetic

polymer

Bridg

ing

4–12

0.5–1.0%

<5pp

m(generally)

0.5–

100pp

m(specially)

(b)Goo

drichK72

1S

Hag

anChemical

&Con

trolsInc.

Hagan

coagulant

acids

2,7,11

,18,37

,50,

223,22

4,23

0,23

6,24

0,95

2,etc

7,11

,18,37

:electrolyte,

soap

2,50

,230

:no

nion

ic22

3,23

4:catio

nicelectrolyte

236,24

0,95

2:anionelectrolyte

Bridg

ing,

electrolyte

Gam

ut0.5–

10.0

2,7:

0.5%

11,37:1.5%

18:3%

50:0.5–2.0%

223,22

4:50

%23

0,23

6,24

0:0.2%

952:

rand

om

2:0.06

–0.5pp

m

7:0.25

–0.75

ppm

11:1.3–4pp

m

18:3–15

ppm

37:0.5–5pp

m

50:0.25–1pp

m

223:

0.5–3pp

m

224:

−0.25

–5pp

m

230,

236,

240:

0.3–2pp

m

952:

0.25–8pp

m

HerculesPow

derCo

(a)Kym

ene55

7(a)Cationicpo

lyam

ide

Bridg

ing,

electrolyte

(a)Gam

ut(a)<0

.1%

(a),(b)12

5�100

0g/t(for

paperm

aking)

0.5–

2pp

m(for

treatin

gwater)

(c)10–10

0g/t

(d)1pp

m

(b)Reten

763

(b)Cationicpo

lyam

ide

(b)Gam

ut(b)<0

.1%

(c)Reten

205

(c)Sy

nthetic

solublecatio

nic

polymer

(c)4–10

(c)<0

.05%

(d)HerculesCMC

(d)Carbo

xymethy

lcellulose

(d)4–

7.5

(d)<0

.2%

(con

tinued)

194 Appendix

Tab

leA.4

(con

tinued)

Manufacturerand

reagent

Chemical

compo

sitio

nFu

nctio

nal

mechanism

pHrang

eof

valid

itySo

lutio

nconcentration

Dosage

12

34

56

Hod

agChemical

Corp.

Hod

agflo

cs11

1,11

5,11

8,11

9,12

0,etc

Highpo

lymer(non

ionic,

catio

nic,

anion)

Bridg

ing,

electrolyte,

co-coagu

latin

g

2–12

5%

(for

storing)

1%

(for

using)

0.5–

1.5pp

m

Iona

cChemical

Co.

IonacWisprofl

oc20

Amorph

ousam

ylum

Bridg

ing

3–12

0.5–1.0%

0.5–

5pp

m

Kelco

Co.

(a)KelginW

Algae

Co-coagulating,

bridging

4–11

0.5–1%

(for

storing)

0.05

%(for

using)

0.1–

5pp

m

(b)Kelcosol

KerateneCo.

(a)Keraton

Derivatized

protein

Electrolyte,

bridging

4–8

1–2%

(for

storing)

500–

1000

g/t

(b)KeraFra-16

Mon

santoChemical

Co.

(a)Alumen

(a)Al 2(SO4)3•14

H2O

(a)Co-coagulating,

electrolyte

(a)5–10

.5(a)50

%(a)10–85

ppm

(b)Lytron88

6(b)Po

lymer

polycond

ensate

(b)Bridg

ing,

(b)7.5

(b)1%

(b)7.5pp

m(for

treatin

gwater)

(con

tinued)

Appendix 195

Tab

leA.4

(con

tinued)

Manufacturerand

reagent

Chemical

compo

sitio

nFu

nctio

nal

mechanism

pHrang

eof

valid

itySo

lutio

nconcentration

Dosage

12

34

56

Morning

star-Paisley

Inc.

(a)ArojelM

(a)Manno

galactan

Bridg

ing,

electrolyte

Alarge

scale

(a)–(c),(f)

0.1–1%(for

storing)

(d)–(f)0.5%

(for

storing)

50–10

0-fold

dilutio

n(for

using)

25–25

0g/t

(b)Benifite

50(b)Fabricationmanno

segala

(c)Benifite

104

(c)Fabricationmanno

segala

(d)Benifite

M-8

(d)Starch

amide

(e)Benifite

M-11

(e)Po

lymer

amide

(f)Amylum

(f)Amylum

Nalco

Chemical

Co.

(a)Nalco

No.2

(b)Nalco

600

(c)Nalco

614

(d)Nalco

650

(e)Nalco

680

(f)Nalcolyte

110

(g)Nalcolyte

670

(h)Nalcolyte

605

(a)Liquidsodium

alum

inate

(b)Cationicpo

lymer

(c)Anh

ydrous

sodium

alum

inate

(e)Na 3AlO

3•3H

2O(f)Non

ionicpo

lymer

(g)Non

ionicsuperhigh

molecular

weigh

tpo

lymer

(h)Cationicpo

lymer

(a)–(e):

co-coagu

latin

g(f)–(g):

Bridg

ing

(h):

Co-coagulating,

bridging

(a)4–11

(b)3–

12(c)5–11

(d)2–

12(e)4.5–11

(f)6.5–12

(g)gamut

(h)3–

12

(a)1:2

dilutin

g(b)Verythin

(d)2–6%

(e)2–15

%(f)25

%(g)0.5%

(h)1:10

dilutin

g

(a)2–20

ppm

(b)1–

15pp

m(c)0.2–1.5pp

m(d)8–

10pm

m(e)2–20

ppm

(f)0.2–3.0pp

m(g)5–

500g/t

(h)0.5–

5pp

m

Nationa

lStarch

Produ

ctsInc.

(a)Floc

aid10

38(a),(b)Cationicam

ylum

Bridg

ing

(a),(b)2–

10,3–9

(a),(b)2–3%

(for

storing)

<0.5

%(for

using)

(a),(b)

0.5–

100pp

m(b)Floc

aid10

63

(c)Hoo

asierPearl

(c)Amylum

Bridg

ing

(c)Abo

ut14

(c)10

%(c)5kg

/t

(con

tinued)

196 Appendix

Tab

leA.4

(con

tinued)

Manufacturerand

reagent

Chemical

compo

sitio

nFu

nctio

nal

mechanism

pHrang

eof

valid

itySo

lutio

nconcentration

Dosage

12

34

56

North

American

Mou

gulProdu

ctsCo.

(a)Mou

gulClaracel

Co-98

0(a)Non

ionicactiv

ated

biocolloid

(b),(d)Non

ionicpo

lyacrylamide

(c)Cationicactiv

ated

biocolloid

(e)Anion

polyacrylamide

(a),(c)Co-

coagulating,

bridging

(b),(d),(e)bridging

(a)5.0–

10.5

(b)2–

12(c)4

.0–8.0

(d)2–

12(e)6–12

1–5%

0.5–

5pp

m(for

treatin

gwater)

2–20

ppm

(b)Mou

gulClaracel

Co-98

1

(c)Mou

gulClaracel

Co-98

2

(d)Mou

gulClaracel

Co-98

3

(e)Mou

gulClaracel

Co-98

4

Penik

&FordLtdInc.

(a)Dou

glas

CZPearl

Starch

(b)PenfordGum

s20

0&30

0(c)Dou

glas

No.50

2Canary

Dextrine

(d)Astro

Gum

21

(a)Cornstarch

(b)Cornstarch

derivativ

esof

ethy

leneox

ide

(c)Cornam

ylod

extrin

(d)Anion

starch

Co-coagulatingof

electrolyte

(a)4.5–10

(b)4.5–

10(c)4.5–10

(d)4–

7

5%

(a)12

5–75

0g/t

(b)10

0–75

00g/t

(c)10

0–20

0g/t

(d)0.5–

10kg

/t

PennsaltChemical

Corp.

(a)Alumen

(a)Al 2(SO4)3•14

H2O

Co-coagulating,

electrolyte

(a)5–10

.5(b)3–

11(a)50

%(b)39–45

%(a)10–85

ppm

(b)7pp

m(for

treatin

gwater)

500–

1000

ppm

(b)Ferric

chloride

(b)FeCl 3

(con

tinued)

Appendix 197

Tab

leA.4

(con

tinued)

Manufacturerand

reagent

Chemical

compo

sitio

nFu

nctio

nal

mechanism

pHrang

eof

valid

itySo

lutio

nconcentration

Dosage

12

34

56

Peter

Coo

perCorp.

(a)PeterCoo

per

StdIx

Proteincollo

id,long

-chain

anim

alglue

from

rawhide

Electrolyte,

bridging

1.0–

11.0

0.25–10

%15

0–72

5g/t

(b)Zetex

(c)Zeten

(d)Zetor-A

,B

(e)Zequa

(f)PeterCoo

perStd.

13/4

Philadeph

iaQua

rtizCo.

N-Sol

A,B,C,D

Activated

silicagel

Co-coagulating,

electrolyte

4.5–

6.5

Rando

m10

20pp

m

Roh

m&

Haa

sCo.

(a)Prim

afloc

C-3

Cationicpo

lyam

ine

Electrolyte,

bridging

140.01–1%

(b)Prim

afloc

C-5

Sand

ozInc.

(a)Su

pernatineS

Anion

sulfon

ated

glyceride

Bridg

ing

4.5–

72%

10.2

ppm

(b)Su

pernatineT

Anion

collo

id1%

5–20

ppm

Stau

fferChemical

CO.

(a)Con

solA

Processedgo

odsof

anim

alglia

Electrolyte,

bridging

4.5–

6.5

0.1–0.5%

25–25

0g/t

(b)Con

solC

Animal

glia

4.5–

7.5

500–

1000

g/t

(con

tinued)

198 Appendix

Tab

leA.4

(con

tinued)

Manufacturerand

reagent

Chemical

compo

sitio

nFu

nctio

nal

mechanism

pHrang

eof

valid

itySo

lutio

nconcentration

Dosage

12

34

56

SteinHall&

CoInc

Jagu

arGuargu

m(non

ionicmanno

segala)

Bridg

ing,

electrolyte

0.3–

13.0

0.25–0.5%

(for

storing)

0.01–0.1%

(for

using)

5–50

0g/t

0.2–

20pp

m

Swift

&Co

(a)Colloid

SVF

Derivates

ofanim

alprotein

Electrolyte,

bridging

4.5–

8.5

0.5–2%

(for

storing)

500–

1000

g/t

(b)P.

M.Colloid

No.

4V

(c)Colloid

2VF

(d)Proteincollo

id69

,70,21

85

Tenn

esseeCorp.

Ferric

Floc

Fe2(SO

4)3�3

H2O

Electrolyte

Gam

ut25

%5–

170pp

m

Union

Carbide

Chemical

Co.

(a)Po

lyox

Non

ionichigh

polyox

yethylene

Bridg

ing

1.7–

10.1

0.1–0.25

%1–

500pp

m20

–20

00g/t

(b)UCAR

Pesin

C-149

Cationicpo

lymer

Bridg

ing,

electrolyte

3.0–

10.0

0.5–1.5

10–20

000g/t

Appendix 199

Tab

leA.5

Reagent

system

sfortheflotationof

oxideminerals

Mineral

Form

ula

pHregulator

Depressant

Activator

Maincollector

Frother

Assistcollector

Assistagentfor

separatio

n

12

34

56

78

9

Alumstone

KAl 3(O

H) 6(SO4)2

Na 2SiO3or

H2SO4

Excess

Na 2SiO3

Fatty

acids

R-765,R-800

Aerofroth

(alcohol),

cresylic

acids

Apatite

Ca 5(F,Cl)(PO4)3

NaO

H,

Na 2CO3

Causticstarch,

HF,

lacticacid

OilacidsandTaoil

R-710,765,

845

Alcohols,

pine

oil

Barite

BaSO4

Na 2CO3,

Na 2SiO3

AlCl 3,FeCl 3,

Barium

salt,

lead

salt

R-710,765,

825,

830,

840,845,

oilacidsand

sulfates

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

cresylic

acid

Aerosol

surfactant

Na 2SiO3,citric

acid

Beauxite

Aluminum

hydroxides

NaO

H,

polyphosphate

R-810,825,

oil

acids

Alcohols

Kerosene

Beryl

Be 3Al 2Si

6O18

Separatin

gmicaafter

water

scrubbing

H2SO4

Pb(N

O3)2

R-710,765,

801,

825,

amine,oilacids

and

sulfonates

HF

Black

sand

Ilmenite,azurite,

rutile

R-710,765,

825,

840,845

Alcohols

5# diesel

Deslim

ing

Borax

Na 2B4O

7BaC

l 2,lead

salt

fatty

acids

toluidine,

xylid

ine,

pyridine

toluidine

starch,dextrin,

tannin

Brookite

TiO

2Na 2SiO3

Starch,NaO

HFatty

acids,R701

5# diesel

Hydrotalcite

Mg(OH) 2

Productio

nof

dithiocarbonateand

Pb,Tl

Alcohols,

cresylic

acid

Acacia,

polyphosphate

Calcite

CaC

O3

Na 2CO3

Tannin,

Na 2SiO3,

dichromate

Hot

orepulp

R-710,765,

oil

acids,fatty

acid

residue

Alcohols

R610

(con

tinued)

200 Appendix

Tab

leA.5

(con

tinued)

Mineral

Form

ula

pHregulator

Depressant

Activator

Maincollector

Frother

Assistcollector

Assistagentfor

separatio

n

12

34

56

78

9

Carbonaceous

shale

Silicate

600#

depressor

diesel,kerosene

alcohols,

pine

oil,

Cassiterite

SnO2

H2SO4

lime,

tannin,

BaC

l 2R-830,845 ,

phosphoric

acid,

arsonicacid,

sulfonated

succinic

acid

alcohol

cresylic

acid

Na 2SiO3

Celestite

SrSO

4Na 2CO3,

Na 2SiO3

Tannin

R-710,765,

825,

830,

845oilacids

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

Chrom

iteFeCr 2O4

H2SO4

Deslim

ing,

phosphom

olybdic

acid,

phosphotungstic

acid

R-825,fatty

acid,

fatty

amine

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

5# diesel

HF,

H2SO4,

silico-fluoride

Clay

Analcite

silicate

hydrategel

Acidity,p

H=7

Na 2SiO3

Amines,catio

nic

collector,R870

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

Diesel,pyridine

Flocculant

Superfloc

127N

100

Coal

Hydrocarbon,carbon

Natural

pHTannin

Diesel,kerosene

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

Na 2SiO3

Cobaltoxides

CoO

(OH)

Na 2SiO3

BaS,hotorepulp

Dith

iocarbonate

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

Colem

anite

Ca 2b 6O115H

2ONaO

H,

H2SO4

BaC

l 2,lead

salt

Fatty

acid

R-801,

825

Toluidine,

xylid

ine,

pyridine

Toluidine

Starch,dextrin,

tannin

Corundum

Al 2O3

Excessacid

R-710,765

oil

acids,R-800

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

Cryolite

Na 3AlF

6CuS

O4

R-710,765

oilacids

Alcohols

Dolom

iteCaM

g(CO3)2

Alumen,

tannin

R-710,765

fatty

acids

Alcohols

Feldspar

(Na,K,Ca)AlSi 3O8

HF

HF

Cationicam

ine

collectors

Alcohols

(con

tinued)

Appendix 201

Tab

leA.5

(con

tinued)

Mineral

Form

ula

pHregulator

Depressant

Activator

Maincollector

Frother

Assistcollector

Assistagentfor

separatio

n

12

34

56

78

9

Iron

tungstate

FeWO4

NaO

H,

H2SO4

R-765,825

oilacids

Alcohols,

pine

oil

Na 2SiO3,H2SO4

Fluorite

CaF

2Na 2CO3,

Na 2SiO3

Citric

acid,

BaC

l 2,

alum

inate

Hot

orepulp

R-765,723,845

oil

acids

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

cresylic

acid

Tannin,

Na 2SiO3,

dichromate

Garnet

Ferrous,magnesium

,manganese,

alum

inum

,calcium,

chromium

silicate

H2SO4

pH3*

4Excessacid

Acidmedium

R-801,825

F-77

Fuel

oil

Acid

Graphite

CNa 2CO3

600#

starch

Fuel

oil,kerosene

Pine

oil,

F-77

Pinecone

oil

HF,

Na 2SiO3

Gypsum

CaSO42HO

Saturatedsalt

water

H2SO4,

anim

alglue,

tannin

R-710,765,cationic

collector,sulfate,

R845

Pine

oil,

F-77,

cresylic

acid

Alumen

Halite

NaC

lpH

5*6

Polyphosphate

Bismuthsaltor

lead

salt

R-710

,fatty

acids,

naphthenic

acid

Sulfate

Amphibole

Calcium

,sodium

,magnesium

,ferrous

silicate

Na 2CO3,

H2SO4

H2SO4

R-801,825

Manganese

tungstate

MnW

O4

Acidor

alkalin

emedium

R-710,765,825,

oilacids

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

Aerosol

surfactant

Ilmenite,

FeO-TiO

2Na 2CO3

Caustic

starch

R-710,765,8

25,o

ilacids,naphthenic

acid,fuel

oil

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

HF,

Na 2SO

4,NaF

Ferrousoxides

Fe2O

3,Fe

3O4,

FeCO3

pH3*

5Tannin,

phosphate

Acidmedium

R-825,830,

845,

899

Fuel

oil

Ore

pulp (con

tinued)

202 Appendix

Tab

leA.5

(con

tinued)

Mineral

Form

ula

pHregulator

Depressant

Activator

Maincollector

Frother

Assistcollector

Assistagentfor

separatio

n

12

34

56

78

9

Jarosite

KFe

3(OH) 6(SO4)2

Na 2CO3

Na 2S

Dodecyl

dithiocarbonateor

capryl

dithiocarbonate

Alcohols,

pine

oil

H2SO4

Kyanite

Al 2SiO5

NaO

HOre

pulp

R-710,765,8

25,o

ilacids

Alcohols,

pine

oil

Aerosol

H2SO4

Magnesite

MgC

O3

Natural

pHCausticstarch,

tannin

R-710,765,oil

acids,naphthenic

acid

Alcohols

Alumen,tannin,

phosphate

Manganese

oxide

MnO

2,MnO

(OH)

Na 2CO3,

Na 2SiO3

Phosphate,

tannin

R-710,765,fatty

acids,acid

sludge,

blackliq

uidsoap

Alcohols

Fuel

oil,kerosene

Mica

Com

plex

silicate

H2SO4

600#,HF,

starch,gum,

lactic

acid,

Na 2SiO3

Leadsalt

R-810,825,am

ine,

catio

niccollector,

alkalin

eresin

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

cresylic

acid

25# ,31

#

dithiophosphates

Aluminum

salt,

polyphosphate

Monazite

(Ce,La,Di)PO

4Na 2CO3,

Na 2SiO3

Strong

acid

R-710,oilacids

Alcohols,

pine

oil

Leopoldite

KCl

Saturated

liquid

Cationiccollector

Cresylic

acid,

Aerofroth

70,71A

Guargum,starch,

dextrin

Quartz

SiO2

Natural

pHNa 2SiO3,HF,

H2SO4

Amine,

catio

nic

collector

Alcohol,

pine

oil

Fuel

oil,kerosene

Rhodochrosite

MnC

O3

Na 2CO3

Excess

Na 2SiO3

Dodecyl

dithiocarbonateor

capryl

dithiocarbonate

Alcohols,

pine

oil

NaO

H,Na 2SiO3

(con

tinued)

Appendix 203

Tab

leA.5

(con

tinued)

Mineral

Form

ula

pHregulator

Depressant

Activator

Maincollector

Frother

Assistcollector

Assistagentfor

separatio

n

12

34

56

78

9

Rutile

TiO

2Acidmedium

R-710,765

oilacid,

800#

Alcohols

Scheelite

CaW

O4

Na 2CO3,

Na 2SiO3

Excess

Na 2SiO3and

tannin

R-710,765,

825,

845,

oilacid

Alcohols

Aerosol

18,OT

Tannin

Sillimanite

Al 2O3SiO

2Na 2CO3,

H2SO4

R-710,825,

oil

acid,anionwettin

gagents

Alcohols

Aerosol

H2SO4

(choiceness)

Lepidolite

(LiNa)Al(SiO3)2

Natural

pHor

acidity

600#,HF,

starch,dextrin

R-765,825,oilacid

Alcohols

Aerosol

NaO

H(clean

ore)

H2SO4

(choiceness)

Strontium

carbonate

SrCO3

Natural

pHTannin

R-710,7

65,845,o

ilacid

Alcohols

Sulfur

SLim

eAerofroth

73# ,14

# ,25

#

dithiophosphates

Alcohols,

pine

oil

Cresylic

acid

Na 2SiO3,

phosphate,

silico-fluoride

Soapstone

H2M

g 3Si

4O12

Natural

pH600#,gum,

dextrin,

alum

en

R-801,825,cationic

collector,short

chainof

amine

Alcohols,

pine

oil

Fuel

oil,kerosene

Polyphosphate

pitchblende

U3O

8FeCl 3

amine,

fatty

acid

alcohols

Vanadinite

PbClV

3O12

Na 2CO3

Na 2S,

CuS

O4

R-404,710,

dithiocarbonate

alcohols

25#

dithiophosphates

Vermiculite

Metam

orphism

ofmica

H2SO4

600#,starch,

gum,

Amine

Alcohols,

pine

oil,

cresylic

acid

25#,31

#

dithiophosphates,

fuel

oil

Aluminum

salt

Wolfram

ine

(Fe,

Mn)

WO4

Acidity

orneutral

Coppersalt

R-710,7

65,825,o

ilacid

Alcohols

Fuel

oil

Zirconite

ZrSiO

4Acidity

R-765,825,oilacid

Alcohols

Acid

204 Appendix