Appendix B – Referencesa123.g.akamai.net/7/123/11558/abc123/forestservic.download.akamai... ·...

Mt Baker‐Snoqualmie National Forest SF Stillaguamish Vegetation Project EA

Appendix B ndash References 36 CFR sectsect 200-299

40 CFR sectsect 1500-1508

Acker SA TE Sabin LM Ganio WA McKee 1998 Development of old-growth structure and timber volume growth trends in maturing Douglas-fir stands Forest Ecology and Management 104 265-280

Al-Chokhachy R Black TA Thomas C Luce CH Rieman B Cissel R Carlson A Hendrickson S Archer EK and Kershner JL 2016 Linkages between unpaved forest roads and streambed sediment why context matters in directing road restoration Restoration Ecology 24 589-598

Allen Douglas Dietrich William Baker Peter Ligon Frank Orr Bruce 2007 Development of a Mechanistically Based Basin-Scale Stream Temperature Model Applications to Cumulative Effects Modeling In Standiford Richard B Giusti Gregory A Valachovic Yana Zielinski William J Furniss Michael J technical editors 2007 Proceedings of the redwood region forest science symposium What does the future hold Gen Tech Rep PSW-GTR-194 Albany CA Pacific Southwest Research Station Forest Service US Department of Agriculture p 11-24

Allan JD Wipfli MS Caouette JP Prussian A and Rodgers J 2003 Influence of streamside vegetation on inputs of terrestrial invertebrates to salmonid food webs Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60(3) pp309-320

Amaranthus MP Rice RM Barr NR and Ziemer RR 1985 Logging and forest roads related to increased debris slides in Southwestern Oregon Journal of Forestry 83 229shy233

Ames Kenneth M and Herbet D G Maschner 1999 People of the Northwest Coast Their Prehistory and Archaeology London Thames and Hudson

Anderson PD Larson DJ and Chan SS 2007 Riparian buffer and density management influences on microclimate of young headwater forests of Western Oregon Forest Science 53 254-269

Anderson PD and Poage NJ 2014 The density management and riparian buffer study A large scale silviculture experiment informing riparian management in the Pacific Northwest USA Forest Ecology and Management 90-99

Appendix B References ‐ of 27


Anderson P P (2014) The Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study A large-scale silviculture experiment informing riparian management in the Pacific Northwest USA Forest Ecology and Management 316 90-99

Aubry C W Devine R Shoal A Bower J Miller and N Maggiulli 2011 Climate Change and Forest Biodiversity A Vulnerability Assessment and Action Plan for National Forests in Western Washington US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region 130 p

Aubry Keith B Kevin S Mckelvey and Jeffrey P Copeland Distribution and broad scale habitat relations of the wolverine in the contiguous United States The Journal of Wildlife Management 717 (2007) 2147-2158

Bailey JD and JC Tappeiner 1998 Effects of thinning on structural development in 40- to 100-year old Douglas-fir stands in western Oregon Forest Ecology and Management 108 99-113

Bash J Berman C and Bolton S 2001 Effects of Turbidity and Suspended Solids on Salmonids

Beechie TJ Pess G Kennard P Bilby RE and Bolton S 2000 Modeling recovery rates and pathways for woody debris recruitment in Northwestern Washington streams North American Journal of Fisheries Management 436-452

Beechie TJ and Sibley TH 1997 Relationships between channel characteristics woody debris and fish habitat in Northwestern Washington streams Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 217-229

Benda L Andras K Miller D and Bigelow P 2004 Confluence effects in rivers Interactions of basin scale network geometry and disturbance regimes Water Resources Research 40 1-15

Benda L and Bigelow P 2014 On the patterns and processes of wood in Northern California streams Geomorphology 79-97

Benda LE Litschert SE Reeves G and Pabst R 2016 Thinning and in-stream wood recruitment in riparian second growth forests in coastal Oregon and the use of buffers and tree tipping as mitigation Journal of Forestry Research 27 821-836

Beschta RL 1978 Long-Term patterns of sediment production following road construction and logging in the Oregon Coast Range Water Resource Research 14 1011-1017

Bilby RE Sullivan K and Duncan S 1989 The generation and fate of road-surface sediment in forested watersheds in southwestern Washington Forest Science 35 453-468

Appendix B References ‐ Page 2 of 27


Bilby RE and Ward JW 1989 Changes in characteristics and function of woody debris with increasing size of streams in Western Washington Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 118 368-378

Black T C Luce B Stabb and R Cissel 2009 Road decommissioning in Skokomish River watershed Olympic NF Legacy roads and trails monitoring project Unpublished Internal Report USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region and Rocky Mountain Research Station Portland OR 24p

Bladon KD Cook NA Light JT and Segura C 2016 A catchment-scale assessment of stream temperature response to contemporary forest harvesting in the Oregon Coast Range Forest Ecology and Management 153-164

Bloom AL 1998 An assessment of road removal and erosion control treatment effectiveness A comparison of 1997 storm erosion response between treated and untreated roads in Redwood Creek Basin Northwestern California Masterrsquos Thesis

Bloomquist RG 1985 Evaluation and ranking of geothermal resources for electrical generation or electrical offset in Idaho Montana Oregon and Washington Technical Report Washington State Energy Office Olympia WA

Blukis-Onat Astrida and Jan Hollenbeck 1981 Inventory of Native American Religious Use Practices Localities and Resources Study Area on the Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Seattle Institute of Cooperative Research

Booth DB RA Haugerud and KG Troost The Geology of Puget Lowland Rivers In Montgomery DA et al (ed) Restoration of Puget Sound Rivers Seattle Washington University of Washington Press 2003 pp 14ndash45

Booth MS JM Stark and SC Hart 2006 Soil-mixing effects on inorganic nitrogen production and consumption in forest and shrub land soils Plant and Soil 289 5-15

Bourque C J H Pomeroy 2001 Effects of forest harvesting on summer stream temperatures in New Brunswick Canada an inter-catchment multiple-year comparison Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions European Geosciences Union 5(4) pp599-614

Brosofske KD J Chen RJ Naiman JF Franklin 1997 Harvesting effects on microclimatic gradients from small streams to uplands in Western Washington Ecological Applications pp 1188ndash1200

Bragg DC and Kershner JL 2004 Sensitivity of a riparian large woody debris recruitment model to the number of contributing banks and tree fall pattern Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19 117-122



Brazier JR and Brown GW 1973 Buffer strips for stream temperature control Corvallis Or Forest Research Laboratory School of Forestry Oregon State University

Brown ER 1985 tech ed Management of wildlife and fish habitats in forests of western Oregon and Washington Portland Oregon USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region 2 v pp 332

Brown KR McGuire KJ Aust WM Hession WC and Dolloff CA 2015 The effect of increasing gravel cover on forest roads for reduced sediment delivery to stream crossings Hydrological Processes 1129-1140

Brown KR McGuire KJ Hession WC and Aust WM 114 Can the water erosion prediction project model be used to estimate best management practice effectiveness from forest roads Journal of Forestry 1

Bruseth Nels 1926 Indian Stories and Legends of the Stillaguamish Sauks and Allied Tribes Ye Galleon Press

Bryant Richard Elliott Gehr and Jeff Flenniken 1982 The Effects of Yarding Operations on Archaeological Sites Eugene OR Professional Analysts

Burke Tom 2009 Personal communication with Sarah Foltz Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation In Pristiloma johnsoni ndash Broadwhorl tightcoil Species Fact Sheet USDA Forest Service USDI Bureau of Land Management Huff editor 2011

Burke Tom 2009 Personal communication with Sarah Foltz Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation In Pristiloma wascoense ndash Shiny tightcoil Species Fact Sheet USDA Forest Service USDI Bureau of Land Management Huff editor 2011

Burke Tom 2011 Personal communication with Joan Ziegltrum Olympic National Forest In Pristiloma wascoense ndash Shiny tightcoil Species Fact Sheet USDA Forest Service USDI Bureau of Land Management Huff editor 2011

Butler B Robert 1965 The Structure and Function of the Old Cordilleran Culture Concept American Anthropologist 67 (5) 1120-1131

Caissie D 2006 The thermal regime of rivers a review Freshwater Biology 1389-1406

Cameron David A 1979 The Silverton Nursery An Early Expirement in Pacific Northwestern Reforestation Journal of Forest History 122-127

Cameron David Charles LeWarne M Allan May Jack C ODonnell and Lawrence E ODonnell 2005 Snohomish County An Illustrated History Index WA Kelcema Books



Camp P a (2011) The Rare Plants of Washington Seattle University of Washington Press

Carey AB 2003 Biocomplexity and restoration of biodiversity in temperate coniferous forest inducing spatial heterogeneity with variable-density thinning Forestry 76 127-136

Cederholm CJ and Salo EO 1979 The effects of logging road landslide siltation on the salmon and trout spawning gravels of Stequaleho Creek and the Clearwater River Basin Jefferson County Washington 1972-1978

CEMG 1999 Elk management on the Olympic Peninsula State-Tribal technical management document June 1999 Cooperative Elk Management Group 54 pp

Chan SS Larson DJ Maas-Habner KG Emmingham WH Johnston SR and Mikowski DA 2006 Overstory and understory development in thinned and under planted Oregon Coast Range Douglas-fir stands Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 2696-2711

Chadwick DH 1983 A beast the Color of Winter The Mt Goat Observed Bisson Books Edition 2002 Originally published by San Francisco Sierra Club Books

Clapperton MJ 2006 Managing the soil as a habitat Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre Lethbridge Alberta Canada In Proceedings of the 2006 CCA Conference Indianapolis IN 4p

Clark RN and Stankey GH1976 PNW Technical Report The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum A Framework For Planning Management and Research USDA Forest Service

Clinton BD 2011 Stream water responses to timber harvest Riparian buffer width effectiveness Forest Ecology and Management 261 979-988

Coffin A W (2007) From roadkill to road ecology A review of the ecological effects of roads Journal of Transport Geography 396-406

Coffin B H (1992) Effects of forest cover on volume of water delivery to soil during rain-on-snow Final Report for Project SH-1 (rain-on-snow field study) Olympia WA Washington State Department of Natural Resoruces

Cole E and Newton M 2013 Influence of streamside buffers on stream temperature response following clear-cut harvesting in western Oregon Canadian Journal of Forest Research 993-1005

Cole L and Newton M 2015 Relationships between radiation and canopy closure estimates in streamside buffers in Western Oregon Forest Science 61 559-569



Collins BD Montgomery DR and Haas AD 2002 Historical changes in the distribution and functions of large wood in Puget lowland rivers Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 66-76

Collins SM Sparks JP Thomas SA Wheatley SA and Flecker AS 2016 Increased light availability reduces the importance of bacterial carbon in headwater stream food webs Ecosystems 396-410

Cook C a (2004) Erosion and Channel Adjustments Following Forest Road Decommissioning Six Rivers National Forest Eureka CA Six Rivers National Forest

Courtney SP and others 2004 Scientific Evaluation of the Status of the northern spotted owl Portland Oregon Sustainable Ecosystems Institute (SEI)

Cowardin L Carter V amp Golet F a (1979) Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States Office of Biological Services Washinton DC US Fish and Wildlife Service

Curtis RO 1982 A Simple Index of Stand Density for Douglas-fir Forest Science 28 92-94

Daly C Halbleib M Smith J I Gibson W P Doggett M K Taylor G H Curtis J amp Pasteris P P 2008 Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States International Journal of Climatology 28(15) 2031-2064

Davidson EA E Belk and RD Boone 1998 Soil water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest Global Change Biology 4 217-227

Davis et al 2011 Survey Protocol for Johnsonrsquos Hairstreak Butterfly (Callophrys johnsoni) in Washington and Oregon (v12) Unpublished report On file with Interagency Special Status Species Program USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management Portland OR httpwwwfsfedusr6sfpnwissssp

Davis LJ Reiter M and Groom JD 2016 Modelling temperature change downstream of forest harvest using Newtons law of cooling Hydrological Processes 959-971

DeGraff JV 1979 Initiation of shallow mass movement by vegetative-type conversion Geology 7 426ndash429

Deixis Mollusc DB database 2009 An unpublished collection of mollusk records maintained by Ed Johannes



Dent L Vick D Abraham K Schoenholtz S and Johnson S 2008 Summer temperature patterns in headwater streams of the Oregon coast range Journal of American Water Resources Association 44 803-813

Dent LF and Walsh JBS 1997 Effectiveness of riparian management areas and hardwood conversions in maintaining stream temperature Oregon Department of Forestry 1-67

DeWalle DR 2008 Guidelines for riparian vegetative shade restoration based upon a theoretical shaded-stream model Journal of American Water Resources Association 44 1373-1387

DeWalle DR 2010 Modeling stream shade Riparian buffer height and density as important as buffer width Journal of American Water Resources Association 46 323-333

DOE 2007 Stillaguamish River Fecal Coliform Dissolved Oxygen pH Mercury and Temperture TMDL Bellevue Northwest Regional Office Water Qulaity Program

DOE 2011 Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the State of Washington (Vols Publication Number 06-10-091) Olympia Washington Department of Ecology Water Qulaity Program

Douglas G e (1998-2002) Illustrated Flora of British Columbia Volumes 1-8 Victoria Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management and BC Ministry of Forests

Dubeacute K W Megahan and M McCalmon 2004 Washington Road Surface Erosion Model Washington Department of Natural Resources Olympia WA

Dykstra DP PK Lebow S Pilkerton J Barbour S Hummel and S R Johnston 2016 Effect of habitat-improvement thinning on lumber products from coastal Douglas-fir Research Paper PNW-RP-605 Portland OR US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 132 p

Enviromental Protection Agency (2012) Nothwest Forest Plan TMDL for Western Washington National Forests (In Draft) Seattle WA Region 10

Fellers G M and E D Pierson 2002 Habitat use and foraging behavior of Townsends big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) in coastal California Journal of Mammalogy 83167-177

Flanagan II SA 2004 Woody debris transport through low-order stream channels of Northwest California - Implications for road-stream crossing failure Masterrsquos Thesis

Foltz RB and E Maillard 2003 Infiltration rates on abandoned road-stream crossings Paper Number 035009 ASAE Annual International Meeting Las Vegas Nevada 11p



Foltz RB KA Yanosek and TM Brown 2008 Sediment concentration and turbidity changes during culvert removals Journal of Environmental Management 87 (3) 329-340

Forman R T amp Alexander L E (1998) Roads and Their Major Ecological Effects Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics Vol 29 207-2310

Forsman ED RG Anthony JA Reid PJ Loschl SG Sovern M Taylor BL Biswell A Ellingson EC Meslow GS Miller KA Swindle JA Thraikill FF Wagner and DE Seaman 2002 Natal and breeding dispersal of northern spotted owls Wildlife Monographs 1491-35

Fox M and Bolton S 2007 A regional and geomorphic reference for quantities and volumes of instream wood in unmanaged forested basins of Washington State North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27(1) pp342-359

Franklin J F amp Dyrness C T (1973) Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington Corvallis Oregon State University Press

Franklin JF and KN Johnson 2012 A restoration framework for federal forests in the Pacific Northwest Journal of Forestry 110 8 429-439

Frest Terry 2005 Personal communication described with Ms Tyler North Cascades National Park In Pristiloma johnsoni ndash Broadwhorl tightcoil Species Fact Sheet USDA Forest Service USDI Bureau of Land Management Huff editor 2011

Froёlich HA and DH McNabb 1983 Minimizing soil compaction in Pacific Northwest forests In Stone EL (ed) Forest soils and treatment impacts Proceedings of Sixth North American Forest Soils Conference University of Tennessee Conferences Knoxville Tennessee pp 159-192

Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team (GOERT) 2003 Species at risk publication Speyeria zerene bremneri 16 Feb 2009 httpwwwgoertcadocumentsSARFS_speybremnpdf

Gibbons Guy E ed 1998 Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America An Encyclopedia New York Garland Publishing Inc

GTR-PSW-152 2005 Ecology and Conservation of the Marbled Murrelet Albany CA Pacific Southwest Research Station

Groom JD Dent L Madsen LJ and Fleuret J 2011 Response of western Oregon (USA) stream temperatures to contemporary forest management Forest Ecology and Management 1-12

Groom J D L Dent and L J Madsen 2011 Stream temperature change detection for state and private forests in the Oregon Coast Range Water Resour Res 47 W01501 doi1010292009WR009061



Hafs AW Harrison LR Utz RM and Dunne T 2014 Quantifying the role of woody debris in providing bio energetically favorable habitat for juvenile salmon Ecological Modelling 30-38

Hagans DK Weaver WE and Madej MA 1986 Long term on-site and off-site effects of logging and erosion in the redwood creek basin Northern California Report

Hammond Paul 2006 Personal communication described with Eric Scheuering In Speyeria zerene bremnerii ndash Valley Silverspot Species Fact Sheet USDA Forest Service USDI Bureau of Land Management Huff editor 2011

Han H D Page-Dumroese H S Han and J Tirocke 2006 Effects of slash machine passes and soil moisture on penetration resistance in a cut-to-length harvesting International Journal of Forest Engineering 17(2) 11minus24

Han S H Han DS Page-Dumroese and LR Johnson 2009 Soil compaction associated with cut-to-length and whole-tree harvesting of a coniferous forest H Can J For Res 39 976-989

Hansen M J amp Clevenger A P (2005) The infulence of disturbance and habitat on the presence of non-native plant species along transport cooridors Biological Conservation 249-259

Harmon M A Moreno and JB Domingo 2009 Effects of partial harvest on the carbon stores in Douglas-firwestern hemlock forests a simulation study Ecosystems 12 777-791

Harr DR and Nichols RA 1993 Stabilizing forest roads to help restore fish habitats A Northwest Washington example Fisheries 18 18-22

Harr R D WC Harper JT Kryier and FS Hsieh (1975) Changes in storm hydrographs after road buidling and clearcutting in the Oregon Coast ranger Water Resources 11(3) 436shy444

Harr R (1986) Effects of clearcut logging on rain-on-snow runoff in watern Oregon New look at old studies Water Resources 22(7) 1095-1100

Harr R D (1981) Some characteristics and consequences of snowmelt during rainfall in western Oregon Journal of Hydrology 53 277-304

Harris George 1994 Voices of Disaster Smallpox around the Strait of Georgia in 1782 Ethnohistory (Duke University Press) 41 (4) pp 591-626



Hayes JP SS Chan WH Emmingham JC Tappeiner LD Kellogg and JD Bailey 1997 Wildlife response to thinning young forests in the Pacific Northwest Journal of Forestry 95 28-33

Henderson J A Lesher R D Peter D H amp Shaw D C (1992) Field Guide to the Forested Plant Associations of the Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Portland USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region

Henley WF Patterson MA Neves RJ and Lemly DA 2000 Effects of sedimentation and turbidity on lotic food webs A concise review for natural resource managers Reviews in Fisheries Science 8 125-139

Hicks BJ Hall JD Bisson PA and Sedell JR 1991 Responses of salmonids to habitat changes American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19 483-518

Hinchliff J 1994 An atlas of Washington butterflies The Evergreen Aurelians The Oregon State University Bookstore Inc Corvallis OR 162p

Haugo R Zanger C DeMeo T Ringo C Shlisky A Blankenship K Simpson M 7 Mellen-McLean K Kertis J and Stern M 2015 A new approach to evaluate forest structure 8 restoration needs across Oregon and Washington USA Forest Ecology and Management 335 9 pp37-50

Holland Andy 1980 Switchbacks the Mountaineers Seattle Washington p156

Ice G (1985) Catalog of lanslide inventories for the northwest National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) Technical Bulletin 456

Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee 2001 Meeting notes ndash Forest files

Isaak DJ Young MK Nagel DE Horan DL and Groce MC 2015 The cold-water climate shield delineating refugia for preserving salmonid fishes through the 21st century Global Change Biology 2540-2553

Jackson RC and Sturm CA 2002 Woody debris and channel morphology in first- and second-order forested channels in Washingtons coast range Water Resources Research 38 1-14

Jandl R M Lindner L Vesterdal B Bauwens R Baritz F Hagedom DW Johnson K Minkkinen and KA Byrne 2007 How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration Geoderma 137 253-268

Janisch JE Wondzell SM and Ehinger WJ 2012 Headwater stream temperature Interpreting response after logging with and without riparian buffers Washington USA Forest Ecology and Management 302-313



Jensen DW Steel EA Fullerton AH and Pess GR 2009 Impact of fine sediment on eggshyto-fry survival of pacific salmon A meta-analysis of published studies Reviews in Fisheries Science 17 348-359

Johnson D H OrsquoNeil T A 2001 Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington Corvallis OR Oregon State University Press pp 722

Johnson Richard Evan and Kelly Michela Cassidy Terrestrial mammals of Washington State location data and predicted distributions Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit University of Washington 1997

Jones J a (1996) Peak flow responses to clearcutting and roads in small and large basins in western Cascades Oregon Water Resources Research 32 959-974

Jordani S 2010 Comparison of soil disturbance in cut-to-length and skyline harvesting systems at Forgotten Thin Timber Sale Unpublished Internal Report USDA Forest Service Snoqualmie-Mount Baker NF Darrington Ranger District Darrington WA 9p

Keaton JR J Wartman S Anderson J Benoit J de LaChapelle R Gilbert and DR Montgomery 2014 The March 2014 Oso Landslide Snohomish County Washington Report submitted to the National Science Foundation 186p

Ketcheson G Leinenbach P Schuett-Hames J Whiley T amp and James C (2003) Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Upper White watershed sediment and temperature TMDL for aquatic habitat Submittal Report Publication Number 03-10-032 Olympia WA Washington Dapartment of Ecology Retrieved from httpwwwecywagovpubs0310032pdf

Kiffney PM Buhle ER Naman SM Pess GR and Klett RS 2014 Linking resource availability and habitat structure to stream organisms an experimental and observational assessment Ecosphere 5 1-27

Kiffney PM Richardson JS and Bull JP 2004 Establishing light as a causal mechanism structuring stream communities in a response to experimental manipulation of riparian buffer width Journal of North American Benthological Society 23 542-555

Kiffney PM Richardson JS and Bull JS 2003 Responses to periphyton and insects to experimental manipulation of riparian buffer width along forest streams Journal of Applied Ecology 40 1060-1076

Kopperl Robert E Amanda K Taylor Christian J Miss Kenneth M Ames and Charles M Hodges 2015 The Bear Creek Site (45KI839) a Late PleistocenendashHolocene Transition Occupation in the Puget Sound Lowland King County Washington PaleoAmerica 1 (1) 116-120

Krebs J E C Lofroth and I Parfitt 2007 Multi-scale habitat selection by wolverines in British Columbia Journal of Wildlife Management 712180ndash2192



LaHusen Sean R Alison R Duvall Adam M Booth and David R Montgomery 2015 Surface roughness dating of long-runout landslides near Oso Washington Geology doi 101130G372671 Geology published online 22 December 2015

Leary RF and Allendorf FW 1997 Notes genetic confirmation of sympatric bull trout and dolly varden in western Washington Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 126 715-720

Leinenbach P McFadden G and Torgersen C Effects of riparian management strategies on stream temperature Science Review Team Temperature Subgroup 1-22

Liquori MK 2006 Post-harvest riparian buffer response Implications for wood recruitment modeling and buffer design Journal of the American Water Resources Association 42 177-189

Littell JS MM Elsner GS Mauger [et al] 2011 Regional climate and hydrologic change in the northern US Rockies and Pacific Northwest internally consistent projections of future climate for resource management Preliminary project report USDA FS JVA 09shyJV-11015600-039 Seattle WA University of Washington Center for Science in the Earth System Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean Climate Impacts Group httpcseswashingtonedupiceaUSFSpubLittell_etal_2010Littell_etal_2011_Regiona l_Climatic_And_Hydrologic_Change_USFS_USFWS_JVA_17Apr11pdf

Luce C 1997 Effectiveness of road ripping in restoring infiltration capacity of forest roads Restoration Ecology 5(3) 265-270

MacDonald LH and Coe D 2007 Influence of headwater streams on downstream reaches in forested areas Forest Science 53 148-168

MacDonald RJ Boon S Byrne JM Robinson MD and Rasmussen JB 2014 Potential future climate effects on mountain hydrology stream temperature and native salmonid life history Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 189-202

MacKenzie MD TH DeLuca and A Sala 2006 Forest structure and organic horizon analysis along a fire chronosequence in the low elevation forests of western Montana Forest Ecology and Management 203 331-343

Madej MA 2001 Erosion and sediment delivery following removal of forest roads Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26 175-190

Maguire DA JA Kershaw and DW Hann 1991 Predicting the effects of silvicultural regime on branch size and crown wood core in Douglas-fir Forest Science 37 1409shy1428



Majors H and R McCollum 1977 Monte Cristo Area A Complete Outdoor Guide Seattle Northwest Press

Martin DJ and Benda LE 2001 Patterns of instream wood recruitment and transport at the watershed scale Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130 940-958

Marshall DB 1994 Status of the American marten in Oregon and Washington Audubon Society of Portland

Maser C RG Anderson K Cromack Jr JT Williams and RE Martin 1979 Dead and down woody material In Thomas JW (ed) Wildlife habitats in managed forests the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington Agric Handbook 553 Washington DC US Department of Agriculture pp 78-95

McLellan BN Hovey FW 2001 Habitats selected by grizzly bears in multiple use landscapes Journal of Wildlife Management Vol 65(1) pp 92ndash99

McLellan BN Shackelton DM 1988 Grizzly bears and resource extraction industries effects of roads on behavior habitat use and demography Journal of Applied Ecology Vol 25 pp 451ndash160

McCabe Coire 2016 Using Terrestrial LiDAR to Monitor Erosion within the Gold Basin Landslide Complex Verlot WA A report prepared in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Earth and Space Sciences Applied Geosciences University of Washington March 2016 (MESSAGe Technical Report Number 028)

McDade MH FJ Swanson WA McKee JF Franklin and J Van Sickle 1990 Source distances for coarse woody debris entering small streams in western Oregon and Washington Can J For Res 20 326-330

McDonnell JJ 1990 A rationale for old water discharge through macropores in a steep humid catchment Water Resources Research 26(11) 2821-2832

McDonnell JJ 2003 Where does water go when it rains Moving beyond the variable source area concept of rainfall-runoff response Hydrological Processes 17 1869-1875

McIver JD and L Starr tech eds 2000 Environmental effects of post fire logging literature review and annotated bibliography Gen Tech Rep PNW-GTR-486 Portland OR USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 72 p

Mehmel C and J Hadfield Evaluation of Green Mountain Hemlock Dieback and Baker Blowdown July 25 2007



Meleason M A Gregory S V and Bolte J P 2003 Implications of riparian management strategies on wood in streams of the Pacific Northwest Ecological Applications 13 1212ndash1221

Mellen T Kim E Charles Meslow and R William Mannan Summertime home range and habitat use of pileated woodpeckers in western Oregon The Journal of wildlife management (1992) 96-103

Michel C Schmidt-Posthaus H and Burkhardt-Holm P 2013 Suspended sediment pulse effects in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) - relating apical and systemic responses Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 630-641

Miller D Luce C and Benda L 2003 Time space and episodicity of physical disturbance in streams Forest Ecology and Management 178 121-140

Miller DJ 1999 HazelGold Basin Landslides Geomorphic Review Draft Report Submitted to US Army Corps of Engineers Seattle WA 25 pp

Miller RE JD McIver SW Howes and WB Gaeuman 2010 Assessment of soil disturbance in forest of the Interior Columbia River Basin a critique Gen Tech Rep PNW-GTR-811 Portland OR USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 140 p

Montgomery DR Beamer EM Pess GR and Quinn TP 1999 Channel type and salmonid spawning distribution and abundance Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 377-387

Montgomery DR and Buffington JM 1997 Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins GSA Bulletin 109 596-611

Montgomery DR Buffington JM Smith RD Schmidt KM and Pess G 1995 Pool spacing in forest channels Water Resources Research 31 1097-1105

Moore DR and Wondzell SM 2005 Physical hydrology and the effects of forest harvesting in the Pacific Northwest A review Journal of American Water Resources Association 41 763-784

Mortensen D A Rauschert E S Nord A N amp Jones B P (2009) Forest Roads Faciliate the Spread of Invasive Plants Invasive Plant Science and management 191-199

Mote PW 2003 Trends in temperature and precipitation in the Pacific Northwest during the twentieth century Northwest Science 77 271-282

Newcombe CP and Jensen JO 1996 Channel suspended sediment and fisheries A synthesis for quantitative assessment of risk and impact North American Journal of Fisheries



Management 693-727

Natural Resource Conservation Services (2016) Ecological Site Descriptions Retrieved from Natural Resource Conservation Services httpwwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsmainnationaltechnicalecosciencedesc

Newton M and Ice G 2016 Regulating riparian forests for aquatic productivity in the Pacific Northwest USA addressing a paradox Environmental Science and Pollution Research 1149-1157

National Council for Air and Stream Improvement 2004 Effects of heavy equipment on physical properties of soils and on long-term productivity A review of literature and current research Technical Bulletin No 887 National Council for Air and Stream Improvement Inc Research Triangle Park NC 90 p

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information Climate at a Glance Time Series httpwwwncdcnoaagovcag 2016

Natural Resources Conservation Service 2013 WA 634 Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Snoqualmie Pass Area Washington (Parts of King and Pierce Counties) Available [ONLINE] httpwebsoilsurveyscegovusdagovAppWebSoilSurveyaspx [May 19 2014]

Nott M P and N Michel 2005 Management Strategies for reversing declines in land birds of conservation concern on military installations Predictive modeling of land bird populations on military installations The Institute for Bird Populations Pt Reyes Station CA A report to the Legacy Resources Management Office Washington DC

Oliver CD and BC Larson 1996 Forest Stand Dynamics New York New York John Wiley and Sons Inc 520 p

OrsquoNeil Thomas A and others 2001 Matrixes for wildlife-habitat relationship in Oregon and Washington (CD-ROM) Northwest Habitat Institute In D H Johnson and T A OrsquoNeil (Manag Dirs) Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington Corvallis OR Oregon State University Press

Page-Dumroese DS AM Abbott and TM Rice 2009 Forest Soil Disturbance Monitoring Protocol USDA Forest Service Gen Tech Report WO-82A and WO-82b 64p

Page-Dumroese M Jurgensen and T Terry 2010 Maintaining soil productivity during forest or biomass-to-energy thinning harvests in the western United States Western Journal Applied Forestry 25(1) 5-11



Pearson RR and Livezey Kent B 2007 Spotted owls barred owls and late-successional reserves Lacey WA US Fish and Wildlife Service Vol 41-2 pp 156-161

Perkins JM 1988 Three year bat survey for Washington National Forests results of year two ndash Olympic and Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forests Contract 53-04H1-7-4240 62 pp plus figures

Perry Zach 2011 Personal Communication Marbled Murrelet Workshop Lacey WA

Peter David 1993 Sub regional ecological assessment for the Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Draft document Mountlake Terrace WA Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

Peterson DW BK Kerns and EK Dodson 2014 Climate Change Effects on Vegetation in the Pacific Northwest A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Literature and Simulation Model Projections General Technical Report PNW-GTR-900 Portland OR US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 183 p

Press C (2014) Glaze Shade Monitoring After Thinning Using the NWFP Tempature Strategy Deschutes Collaborative Forest Restoration Area Glaze Shade Forest Restoration Project Bend OR Deschutes National Forest

Pollock MM and Beechie TJ 2014 Does riparian forest restoration thinning enhance biodiversity The ecological importance of dead wood Journal of American Water Resources Association 50 543-560

Pollock MM Beechie TJ Liermann M and Bigley RE 2009 Stream temperature relationships to forest harvest in Western Washington Journal of the American Water Resources Association 45 141-156

Pollock MM Pess GR Beechie TJ and Montgomery DR 2004 The importance of beaver ponds to Coho salmon production in the Stillaguamish River basin Washington USA North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24 749-760

Pyle RM 2002 The Butterflies of Cascadia A Field Guide to all the Species of Washington Oregon and Surrounding Territories Seattle Audubon Society 420 pp

Pyle P and others 2000 1999 Annual report of the monitoring avian productivity and survivorship (MAPS) program in Region 6 of the USDS Forest Service Point Reyes Station CA The Institute for Bird Populations

Pyle P and others 2006 The 2005 Annual Report of the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) Program in Yosemite National Park Contribution No 280 of the Institute for Bird Populations



Raphael Martin G and Lawrence LC Jones Characteristics of resting and denning sites of American martens in central Oregon and western Washington Martes taxonomy ecology techniques and management Edmonton AB Provincial Museum of Alberta (1997) 146-165

Rashin EB Clishe CJ Loch AT and Bell JM 2006 Effectiveness of timber harvest practices for controlling sediment related water quality impacts Journal of the American Water Resources Association 42 1307-1327

Rawinksi JJ and DS Page-Dumroese 2008 Soil compaction monitoring of Pool Timber Sale Rio Grande national Forest Colorado 16 years after logging Gen Techn Rep RMRSshyGTR-215 Fort Collins CO USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station 12p

Raymond CL DL Peterson and RM Rochefort 2014 Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in the North Cascades Region Washington General Technical Report PNW-GTR-892 Portland OR US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station 279 p

Redding JM Schreck CB and Everest FH 1987 Physiological effects on Coho salmon and steelhead of exposure to suspended solids Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 116 737-744

Reeves G H Burnett K M amp and McGarry E V (2003) Sources of Large Wood in the Main Stem of a Fourth-order Watershed in Coastal Oregon Journal of Forest Resources 33 1363-1370

Reid SM and Anderson PG 1999 Effects of sediment released during open-cut pipeline water crossings Canadian Water Resources Journal 24 235-251

Reneau SL and WE Dietrich 1987 Erosion and sedimentation in the Pacific Rim In Proceedings of the Corvallis Symposium August 1987 IAHS Publication no 165 pp 39-48

Restaino C M D L Peterson and J Littell 2016 Increased water deficit decreases Douglas fir growth throughout western US forests Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 9557-9562

Rice Cliff 2008 Draft Status of Mountain Goats in Washington Unpublished paper Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Mill Creek Washington pp 8

Rice C G and D Gay 2010 Effects of Mountain Goat Harvest on Historic and Contemporary Populations Northwestern Naturalist 9140-57



Richardson S D Hays R Spencer and J Stofel 2000 Washington state status report for the common loon Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia 53 pp

Ried L M amp Dunne T 1984 Sediment production from road surfaces Water Resources Research 20 1753-1761

Rocchio J amp Crawford R (2008) Field Guide to Washingtons Ecological Systems (draft) Olympia Washington Natural Heritage Program Washington Department of Natural Resources

Roche D and M Kimsey 2012 Long-term site preparation effects on volcanic ash forest soils and Douglas-fir International Journal of Forest Engineering 10p

Rosenfeld JS and Huato L 2003 Relationship between large woody debris characteristics and pool formation in small coastal British Columbia streams North American Journal of Fisheries Management 23 928-938

Rotholz E amp Mandelik Y (2013) Roadside habitats effects on diversity and composition of plant arthropod and small mammal communities Biodiversity Conservation 1017-1031

Ruggiero LF and others (tech coordinators) 1991 Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests General Technical report PNW-GTR-285 Portland OR Pacific Northwest Research Station pp 533

Ruggiero LF Aubry KB 1994 The scientific basis for conserving forest carnivores General Technical Report RM-GTR-254 Fort Collins CO Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experimental Station

Rundio DE and Lindley ST 2008 Seasonal patterns of terrestrial and aquatic prey abundance and use by Oncorhynchus mykiss in a California coastal basin with a Mediterranean climate Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137(2) pp467shy480

Ryan R L 2005 Social science to improve fuels management a synthesis of research on aesthetics and fuels management Gen Tech Rep NC-261 St Paul MN US Department of Agriculture Forest Service North Central Research Station 58 p

Sean R LaHusen Alison R Duvall Adam M Booth and David R Montgomery 2015 Surface roughness dating of long-runout landslides near Oso Washington Geology published online 22 December 2015 doi 101130G372671

Schmidt KM JJ Roering JD Stock WE Dietrich DR Montgomery and T Schaub 2001 The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the the Oregon Coast Range Can Geotech J 38 995-1024



Scott JA 1986 The butterflies of North America a natural history and field guide Stanford Univ Press Stanford CA

Shannon amp Wilson Engineers 1954 Report on Slide on South Fork Stillaguamish River at Gold Basin Forest Camp to the State of Washington Departments of Fisheries 14p Plus appendix 9 plates

Shaw EA and Richardson JS 2001 Direct and indirect effects of sediment pulse duration on stream invertebrate assemblages and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and survival Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 2213-2221

Sidle RC 1985 Factors influencing the stability of slopes In Proceedings of a Workshop on Slope Stability Problems and Solutions in Forest Management (ed) Swanston D Seattle Washington Feb 6-8 1984 USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station General Technical Report PNW-180 pp 17-25

Siegel-Issem CM JA Burer RF Powers F Ponder and SC Patterson 2005 Seedling root growth as a function of soil density and water content Soil Science Society of America 69 215-226

Shellberg JG Bolton SM and Montgomery DR 2010 Hydro geomorphic effects on bedload scour in bull char (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning habitat western Washington USA Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 626-640

Snyder R and L Boecksteigal 1981 Unpublished Soil Hazard Mapping for Mt Baker National Forest Geographic Data Dictionary Scale 162500 USDA Forest Service Mt Baker Snoqualmie NF

Snyder RV and JM Wade 1970 Mt Baker National Forest Soil Resource Inventory USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Soil Management Branch of the Division of Watershed Management Branch Portland OR 278pp

Spahr R L Armstrong D Atwood and M Rath 1991 Threatened Endangered and Sensitive species of the Intermountain Region USDA Forest Service Intermountain Region Ogden UT

Spies T Pollock M Reeves G and Beechie T 2013 Effects of riparian thinning on wood recruitment A scientific synthesis Science Review Team Wood Recruitment Subgroup 1-46

Sridhar V Sansone AL LaMarche J Dubin T and Lettenmaier DP 2004 Prediction of stream temperature in forested watersheds Journal of American Water Resources Association 40 197-213



Sternecker K and Geist J 2010 The effects of stream substratum composition on the emergence of salmonid fry Ecology of freshwater fish 19 537-544

Steventon J Douglas and others 2006 A population-viability-based risk assessment of Marbled Murrelet nesting habitat policy in British Columbia Canada

Stillaguamish Technical Advisory Group (STAG) 2000 Technical Assessment and Recommendations for Chinook salmon recovery in the Stillaguamish Watershed

Stillaguamish Implementation Review Committee (SIRC) 2005 Stillaguamish Watershed Chinook Salmon Recovery Plan Published by Snohomish County Department of Public Works Surface Water Management Division Everett WA

Studinski JM and Hartman KJ 2015 The effects of riparian logging on terrestrial invertebrate inputs into forested headwater streams Hydrobiologia 189-198

Suren AM and Jowett IG 2001 Effects of deposited sediment on invertebrate drift An experimental study New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 35 725shy737

Sullivan K Bilby R E amp Duncan S H (1989) The generation and fate of road-surface sediment in forested watersheds in southwestern Washington Forest Science 35(2) 453shy468

Suttle KB Power ME Levine JM and McNeely C 2004 How fine sediment in riverbeds impairs growth and survival of juvenile salmonids Ecological Applications 14 969-974

Swanson F J Benda L E amp Duncan S H (1987) Mass failures and other processes of sediment production in Pacific Northwest forest landscapes Streamside Management Forestry and Fishery Interactions University of Washington Institute of Forest Resources Contribution 57 9-38

Swanson FJ and Dyrness CT 1975 Impact of clear-cutting and road construction on soil erosion by landslides in the western Cascade Range Oregon Geology 393-396

Sweeney BW and Newbold DJ 2014 Journal of American Water Resources Association Streamside forest buffer width needed to protect stream water quality habitat and organisms A literature review 50 560-584

Switalski TA Bissonette JA DeLuca TH Luce CH and Madej MA 2004 Benefits and impacts of road removal Frontiers in Ecology 2 21-28

Taber R D and K J Raedeke 1980 Status report Roosevelt elk of the Olympic National Forest Unpub Manuscript Univ of Washington Seattle



Tabor and Haugerud 1999 Geology of the North Cascades a Mountain Mosaic The Mountaineers Books

Tabor RW VA Frissell Jr DB Booth and RB Waitt 2000 Geologic map of the Snoqualmie Pass 30 X 60 minute quadrangle Washington US Geologic Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2538

Tappeiner JC DA Maguire and TB Harrington 2007 Silviculture and Ecology of Western US Forests Corvallis Oregon Oregon State University Press 440 p

Tappeiner JC D Huffman D Marshall TA Spies and JD Bailey 1997 Density ages and growth rates in old-growth and young-growth forests in coastal Oregon Canadian Journal of Forest Resources 27 638-648

Thomas J W et al 1993 Forest Ecosystem Management An ecological economic and social assessment Report of the Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team Washington DC U S Govt Printing Office Aka FEMAT 1993 Forest ecosystem management An ecological economic and social assessment ndash report of the Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team USDA Forest Service Portland Oregon

Trombulak SC and Frissell CA 2000 Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities Conservation Biology 14 18-30

United States Department of Agriculture (2003) Backcountry Road Maintenance and Weed Management Washington DC Forest Service

University of Washington Herbarium (2016 August 18) Retrieved from Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria httpwwwpnwherbariaorg

US Army Corps of Engineers (2010) Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual Western Mountains Valleys and Coast Region (Version 20) Edited J S Wakeley R W Lichvar and C V Noble ERDCEL TR-10-3 Vicksburg MS US Army Engineer Research and Development Center

USDA Forest Service 1995 Forest Wide Access and Travel Management Plan Mountlake Terrace WA Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

USDA Forest Service 2001 Forest-wide Late Successional Reserve Assessment Mountlake Terrace WA Mt Baker Snoqualmie National Forest

UDA Forest Service 1992 Gray Wolf Survey Results unpublished material from the Darrington District files Mountlake Terrace WA Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

USDA Forest Service 1998 Grizzly Bear Core Area Analysis Summary Unpublished draft report Mountlake Terrace WA Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest



USDA Forest Service (1990) Land and Resource Management Plan Seattle

USDA Forest Service 1995 Landscape Aesthetics A Handbook for Scenery Management Agricultural Handbook 701

USDA Forest Service (1995) Upper South Fork Stillaguamish River Watershed Analysis Darrington Washington Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

USDA Forest Service (1996) Lower South Fork Stillaguamish River and Canyon Creek Watershed Analysis Darrington Washington Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

USDA Forest Service Manual 2670 and 2080 Washington DC

USDA Forest Service Mt Baker-Snoqualmie NF Economic Contributions for 2014 At a Glance June 2016

USDA Forest Service (1990) Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan and Final EIS Seattle WA Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

USDA Forest Service 2003 Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Roads Analysis Unpublished document and database Mountlake Terrace WA Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

USDA Forest Service 2011 Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Management Indicator Species Assessment Everett WA Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

USDA Forest Service (2012 April) National Best Management Practices for Water Quality Management on National Forest System Lands (Vol 1 National Core BMP Technical Guide) Washington DC USDA

USDA Forest Service 1974 National Forest Landscape Management Volume 2 Chapter 1 the Visual Management System Agricultural Handbook 462

USDA Forest Service 1980 National Forest Landscape Management Volume 2 Chapter 5 Timber Agricultural Handbook 559

USDA Forest Service 1986 Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Primer and Field Guide

USDA Forest Service 1992 Visual Quality Objectives in Douglas-Fir Forests USDA Pacific Northwest Region Portland Oregon R6-REC-TP-016-90

USDA Forest Service 1996 South Fork Lower Stillaguamish River Canyon Creek Watershed Analysis Darrington Ranger District Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest



USDA Forest Service 1998 Watershed Protection and Management Forest Service Manual R6 Supplement 2500-98-1 Chapter 2520 USDA Forest Service Region 6 Portland OR 7p

USDA Forest Service 2002 Programmatic biological assessment for forest management on the Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Mountlake Terrace WA Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest


USDA Forest Service 2012 National Best Management Practices for Water Quality Management on National Forest System Lands (Vol 1 National Core BMP Technical Guide) Washington DC USDA

USDA Forest Service 2015 Regional Foresterrsquos sensitive animal species list Portland OR USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region

USDA Forest Service 2016 An Initial Evaluation of Potential Options for Managing Riparian Reserves of the Aquatic Conservation Strategy of the Northwest Forest Plan PNW-GTRshy937

USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management 1994 Record of Decision for Amendments to the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management Planning Documents within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl Portland OR

USDA and USDI 2015 Draft Pollinator Friendly Best Management Practices for Federal Lands httpswwwnpsgovsubjectspollinatorsbest-management-practices-for-federalshylandshtm

USDA Forest Service and USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 1997 Grizzly bear recoveryndashNorth Cascades ecosystem File code 2600 dated August 12 1997 Memo to the Regional Forester Pacific Northwest Region from the Forest Supervisors of the Okanogan Wenatchee and Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forests Mountlake Terrace WA Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

USDI BLM 2015 Bureau of Land Managementrsquos Land and Mineral legacy Rehost 2000 System Retrieved from httpwwwblmgovlr2000

USDI Bureau of Land Management USDA Forest Service 2003 Draft version 30 Survey protocol for survey and manage terrestrial mollusk species In Northwest Forest Plan Portland OR and Vallejo CA Pacific Southwest and Pacific Northwest Regions




USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 1993 Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan Missoula MT

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 1997 Grizzly Bear recovery plan supplement North Cascades ecosystem recovery plan Missoula MT pp 29

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 1997 Recovery Plan for the threatened Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in Washington Oregon and California Portland Oregon pp 203

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 1998 A Framework to Assist in Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effect for Individual or Grouped Actions at the Bull Trout Subpopulation (substitute core area) Watershed Scale Region 1 Portland USFWS

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2002 Biological Opinion of the Effects of Mt Bakerndash Snoqualmie National Forest Program of Activities for 2003ndash2007 FWS Reference Number 1ndash3-02-F-1583 Lacey WA

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2004 Skagit Eagle Web sitehttpwwwskagiteagleorg

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2011 Revised Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) US Fish and Wildlife Service Portland Oregon Xvi + 258 pp July 1 2011 Federal Register 76 FR 38575

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2011 Report on Marbled Murrelet Recovery Implementation Team Meeting and Stakeholder Workshop USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2012 Designation of revised critical habitat for the northern spotted owl Final rule December 4 2012 Federal Register 77 FR 71875

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2012 Marbled Murrelet Nesting Season and Analytical Framework for Section 7 Consultation in Washington U S Fish and Wildlife Service Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (WFWO) Lacey Washington June 20 2012

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2016 Determination of critical habitat for the Marbled Murrelet Final determination August 4 2016 Federal Register 81 FR 51348

US Geological Survey 2004 Geological Provinces of the United States April 16 2008

Van Sickle J and SV Gregory 1990 Modeling inputs of large woody debris to streams from falling trees Can J For Res 20 1593-1601

Waller JS Servheen C 2005 Effects of transportation infrastructure on grizzly bears in Northwestern Montana Journal of Wildlife Management 69985-1000

Warren DR Collins SM Purvis EM Kaylor MJ and Bechtold HA 2016 Spatial



variability in light yields co-limitation of primary production by both light and nutrients in a forested stream ecosystem Ecosystems doi 101007s10021-016-0024-9

Warren DR Keeton WS Bechtold HA and Rosi-Marshall EJ 2013 Comparing streambed light availability and canopy cover in streams with old growth versus early-mature riparian forests in western Oregon Aquatic Sciences 547-558

Washington Department of Ecology 2004 Stillaguamish River Watershed Temperature Total Maximum Daily Load Study Publication 04-03-010

Washington Department of Ecology 2006 Stillaguamish River Watershed Temperature Total Maximum Daily Load Water Quality Improvement Report -- Vol 2 Implementation Strategy Publication 06-10-057

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 2002 Washington State Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory Olympia WA Online update to WDF et al 1993

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 2015 Wolf Conservation and Management 2015 Annual Report

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 2012 Memorandum of Understanding between the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region MOU Number NFS 12-MU-11062754-005

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 2016 Incorporating Climate Change into the Design of Water Crossing Structures Olympia WA

Washington Department of Natural Resources (2008) draft Field Guide to Washingtons Ecological Systems Washington Natural Heritage Program

Washington Forest Practices Board (1997) Board Manual Methodology for Cunducting Watershed Analysis under Chapter 222-22 WAC Forest Practices Division Olympia WA Washington Department of Natural Resources

Waters Michael R Thomas Jr R Stafford H Gregory McDonald Carl Gustafson Morten Rasmussen Enrico Cappellini Jesper V Olsen et al 2011 Pre-Clovis Mastodon Hunting 13800 Years Ago at the Manis Site Washington Science 334 (6054) pp 351shy353

Watson J Pierce J 2001 Skagit River Bald Eagles movements origins and breeding population status Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia Washington pp 80

WDFW Skagit River Bald Eagles Web site 2004 Information on the Skagit River Bald Eagle Project httpwdfwwagovwlmresearchraptoreagle eaglehtml



WDFW Web site Species of Concern List including species listed as State endangered State threatened State sensitive or State candidate as well as species listed or proposed for listing by the US Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service httpwdfwwagovwlmdiverstysocconcernhtmList references as appropriate

Weiskittel AR DA Maguire and RA Monserud 2007 Response of branch growth and mortality to silvicultural treatments in coastal Douglas-fir plantations Implications for predicting tree growth Forest Ecology and Management 251 182-194

Wemple BC Swanson FJ and Jones JJ 2001 Forest roads and geomorphic process interactions Cascade Range Oregon Earch Surface Processes and Landforms 26 191shy204

Wender BW CA Harrington and JC Tappeiner 2004 Flower and fruit production of understory shrubs in Western Washington and Oregon Northwest Science 78 124-140

Wenger SJ Isaak DJ Dunham JB Fausch KD Luce CH Neville HM Rieman BE Young MK Nagel DE Horan DL and Chandler GL 2011 Role of climate and invasive species in structuring trout distributions in the interior Columbia River Basin USA Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68(6) pp988-1008

Wiensczyk AM S Gamiet DM Durall MD Jones and SW Simard 2002 Ectomycorrhizae and forestry in British Columbia A summary of current research and conservation strategies BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management Extension Note FORREX -Forest Research Extension Partnership 2(1) 1-2

Wilkerson E Hagan JM Siegel D and Whitman AA 2006 The effectiveness of different buffer widths for protecting headwater stream temperature in Maine Forest Science 52 221-231

Williams P H R W Thorp L L Richardson and S Colla In Press Guide to the Bumble Bees of North America Princeton University Press

Williamson JR and WA Neilson 2000 The influence of forest site on rate and extent of soil compaction and profile disturbance of skid trails during ground-based harvesting Can J For Res 30 1196-1205

Woodhouse Phil Daryl Jacobson and Bill Petersen 2010 The Everett and Monte Cristo Railway Monroe WA Northwest Mining Publishers LLC

Xerces Society Hairstreaks Johnsons hairstreak (Callophrys johnsoni) httpwwwxercesorgjohnsons-hairstreak



Zwieniecki MA and Newton M 1997 Influence of streamside cover and stream features on temperature trends in forested streams of Western Oregon Western Journal of Applied Forestry 14 106-113



Anderson P P (2014) The Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study A large-scale silviculture experiment informing riparian management in the Pacific Northwest USA Forest Ecology and Management 316 90-99

Aubry C W Devine R Shoal A Bower J Miller and N Maggiulli 2011 Climate Change and Forest Biodiversity A Vulnerability Assessment and Action Plan for National Forests in Western Washington US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region 130 p

Aubry Keith B Kevin S Mckelvey and Jeffrey P Copeland Distribution and broad scale habitat relations of the wolverine in the contiguous United States The Journal of Wildlife Management 717 (2007) 2147-2158

Bailey JD and JC Tappeiner 1998 Effects of thinning on structural development in 40- to 100-year old Douglas-fir stands in western Oregon Forest Ecology and Management 108 99-113

Bash J Berman C and Bolton S 2001 Effects of Turbidity and Suspended Solids on Salmonids

Beechie TJ Pess G Kennard P Bilby RE and Bolton S 2000 Modeling recovery rates and pathways for woody debris recruitment in Northwestern Washington streams North American Journal of Fisheries Management 436-452

Beechie TJ and Sibley TH 1997 Relationships between channel characteristics woody debris and fish habitat in Northwestern Washington streams Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 217-229

Benda L Andras K Miller D and Bigelow P 2004 Confluence effects in rivers Interactions of basin scale network geometry and disturbance regimes Water Resources Research 40 1-15

Benda L and Bigelow P 2014 On the patterns and processes of wood in Northern California streams Geomorphology 79-97

Benda LE Litschert SE Reeves G and Pabst R 2016 Thinning and in-stream wood recruitment in riparian second growth forests in coastal Oregon and the use of buffers and tree tipping as mitigation Journal of Forestry Research 27 821-836

Beschta RL 1978 Long-Term patterns of sediment production following road construction and logging in the Oregon Coast Range Water Resource Research 14 1011-1017

Bilby RE Sullivan K and Duncan S 1989 The generation and fate of road-surface sediment in forested watersheds in southwestern Washington Forest Science 35 453-468















































































































































































Management 693-727



























































































































































































































































































































































Management 693-727














































































































































































Appendix B – Referencesa123.g.akamai.net/7/123/11558/abc123/forestservic.download.akamai... ·...

Documents

Transcript of Appendix B – Referencesa123.g.akamai.net/7/123/11558/abc123/forestservic.download.akamai... ·...