Appendix 1 - link.springer.com978-3-319-96412-6/1.pdf · 234 Appendices 0 20,000 40,000 60,000...
53
233 © e Author(s) 2018 K. Ranestad, Knowledge-Based Growth in Natural Resource Intensive Economies, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96412-6 Appendix 1 Appendices 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Tons Coal production 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 Tons Iron production 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 Tons Copper and silver productions Silver Copper 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 Tons Pyrite production Production. Source: Norges offisielle statistikk, Norges Bergverksdrift (Oslo, 1866–1940)
Transcript of Appendix 1 - link.springer.com978-3-319-96412-6/1.pdf · 234 Appendices 0 20,000 40,000 60,000...
233© The Author(s) 2018K. Ranestad, Knowledge-Based Growth in Natural Resource Intensive Economies, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96412-6
Appendix 1
Appendices
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
Tons
Coal production
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
Tons
Iron production
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
Tons
Copper and silver productions
Silver Copper
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
Tons
Pyrite production
Production. Source: Norges offisielle statistikk, Norges Bergverksdrift (Oslo, 1866–1940)
234 Appendices
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
1866
1868
1870
1872
1874
1876
1878
1880
1882
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
Tons
Nickel Ferro alloys Aluminium
Selected electro-metallurgical products. Source: Norges offisielle statistikk, Norges Bergverksdrift (Oslo, 1866–1940)
235 Appendices
Appendix 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
Tons
Coal productivity (production/average workers
01020304050607080
1872
1875
1878
1881
1884
1887
1890
1893
1896
1899
1902
1905
1908
1911
1914
1917
1920
1923
1926
1929
1932
1935
1938
Tons
Silver productivity (production/average workers
050
100150200250300350400450
1876
1877
1880
1883
1886
1889
1892
1895
1898
1901
1904
1907
1910
1913
1916
1919
1922
1925
1928
1931
1934
1937
1940
Tons
Copper and pyrite productivity (production/average workers
0100200300400500600700800900
1874
1877
1880
1883
1886
1889
1892
1895
1898
1901
1904
1907
1910
1913
1916
1919
1922
1925
1928
1931
1934
1937
1940
Tons
Nickel productivity (production/average workers
0100200300400500600700800
1874
1877
1880
1883
1886
1889
1892
1895
1898
1901
1904
1907
1910
1913
1916
1919
1922
1925
1928
1931
1934
1937
1940
Tons
Iron productivity (production/average workers
Productivity: selected mining products (metal/mineral ore). Source: Norges offisi-elle statistikk, Norges Bergverksdrift (Oslo, 1866–1940)
Average number of workers per year and total production: based on company records
236 Appendices
Appendix 3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Tons
Ferro-alloys productivity (production/average workers)
02468
1012141618
Tons
Aluminium productivity (production/average workers)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Kilo
s
Fine silver productivity (production/average workers)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Kilo
s
Fine copper productivity (production/average workers)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
10000
1874
1876
1878
1880
1882
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
Kilo
s
Fine nickel productivity (production/average workers)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Kilo
s
Pig iron productivity (production/average workers)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
Kilo
s
Fine silver/copper/nickel productivity (production/average workers)
Productivity: selected metallurgical products (pure metals and alloys). Source: Norges offisielle statistikk, Norges Bergverksdrift (Oslo, 1866–1940)
Average number of workers per year and total production: based on company records
From 1928, workers from fine silver, copper, and nickel productions were pre-sented together. Total production of fine silver, copper, and nickel is here divided by total workers of the three productions
237 Appendices
Ap
pen
dix
4
Min
ing
en
gin
eers
em
plo
yed
at
min
ing
co
mp
anie
s in
No
rway
, lat
e ei
gh
teen
th c
entu
ry t
o 1
940
Arr
ang
ed a
lph
abet
ical
ly b
y co
mp
any
Nu
mb
er
of
min
ing
en
gin
eers
Yea
r em
plo
yed
Co
mp
any
Nam
eN
um
ber
of
wo
rker
sa
Yea
r o
f es
tab
lish
men
tN
atio
nal
ity
Pro
du
ctio
n
319
04–1
906
Alt
en C
op
per
Min
es30
0 (m
ax.)
1826
–187
8 an
d
1896
–190
9En
glis
h/
Swed
ish
Iro
n/c
op
per
118
92A
stru
p C
op
per
Min
esC
op
per
518
50s–
1918
Bam
le A
pat
ite
Min
es75
(m
ax.)
No
rweg
ian
/Fr
ench
Ap
atit
e
518
59–1
919
Bam
le N
icke
l Wo
rks
129
(max
.)18
59–1
884
and
19
16–1
919
No
rweg
ian
Nic
kel
20C
on
tin
uo
usl
yB
ig N
orw
egia
n
Spit
sber
gen
Co
al
Co
mp
any
Aro
un
d 5
90
(max
.)19
16N
orw
egia
nC
oal
4A
fter
18
90–1
914
Bir
tava
rre
Co
pp
er W
ork
s Lt
d.
155
(max
.)C
op
per
16C
on
tin
uo
usl
yB
jørk
åsen
Min
es44
8 (m
ax.)
1917
Ger
man
Co
pp
er/p
yrit
e2
1898
Blik
a M
ines
1118
82–1
901
Fren
chC
op
per
/silv
er/
pyr
ite
518
20s–
1898
Blu
e C
olo
ur
Wo
rks
1300
–140
0 (m
ax.)
1776
(to
189
8)N
orw
egia
nC
ob
alt
1Ea
rly
nin
etee
nth
ce
ntu
ry
Bo
lvik
(V
old
s) Ir
on
Wo
rks
1692
(to
186
5)N
orw
egia
nIr
on
218
97 a
nd
19
30s
Bo
ssm
o M
ines
250
(max
.)18
94–1
938
Pyri
te (co
nti
nu
ed )
238 Appendices
Nu
mb
er
of
min
ing
en
gin
eers
Yea
r em
plo
yed
Co
mp
any
Nam
eN
um
ber
of
wo
rker
sa
Yea
r o
f es
tab
lish
men
tN
atio
nal
ity
Pro
du
ctio
n
319
27–1
938
Bre
man
ger
Po
wer
Wo
rks
Elec
tric
Iro
n P
lan
t19
28
118
69B
øile
stad
Co
pp
er W
ork
s (A
ren
dal
Min
ing
an
d
Smel
tin
g C
o. L
td)
147
(max
.)18
66–1
882
Fore
ign
Co
pp
er
218
90s–
1898
Ch
rist
ian
ia M
ine
Co
mp
any
7 (m
ax.)
319
20s
Ch
rist
ian
ia N
ail W
ork
sbTh
ou
san
ds
1853
No
rweg
ian
Stee
l3
1916
–191
8D
alen
Min
es L
td.
319
00s–
1930
Du
nd
erla
nd
Iro
n M
ine
374
(max
.)19
02B
riti
shIr
on
118
97Ei
dsv
oll
Go
ld W
ork
s28
1758
–190
8G
old
119
12El
ectr
o S
teel
Wo
rks
in
Jøss
ing
fjo
rdSt
eel
619
13–1
918
Elek
tro
kem
isk
Ltd
.Th
ou
san
ds
1904
Swed
ish
/N
orw
egia
nSt
eel
13C
on
tin
uo
usl
yEv
je N
icke
l Wo
rks
(so
ld t
o
Falc
on
bri
dg
e N
icke
l W
ork
s in
192
9)
350
(max
.)18
72–1
894
and
19
08–1
920
No
rweg
ian
/En
glis
hN
icke
l
16Fr
om
182
9Fo
lldal
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rks
371
(max
.)17
48N
orw
egia
nC
op
per
419
05–1
934
Fosd
alen
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es12
3 (m
ax.)
2Ea
rly
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etee
nth
ce
ntu
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Frit
sø Ir
on
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67 (
max
.)16
40 (
to 1
868)
No
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118
98G
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ines
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318
62 t
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arly
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er W
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s50
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–188
3N
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nC
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(co
nti
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ed )
239 Appendices
Nu
mb
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of
min
ing
en
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Yea
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plo
yed
Co
mp
any
Nam
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Yea
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lish
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tN
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7Ea
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tiet
h
cen
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Gro
ng
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esA
rou
nd
100
1912
No
rweg
ian
Pyri
te
419
16–1
920
Gu
rsli
Mo
lyb
den
Min
es14
7 (m
ax.)
1915
–191
9N
orw
egia
nM
oly
bd
enu
m5
1898
–191
0H
adel
and
Min
ing
Wo
rks
77 (
max
.)Zi
nk
1Ea
rly
nin
etee
nth
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ntu
ry
Hak
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Iro
n W
ork
s70
(m
ax.)
1550
(to
186
9)N
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on
119
12H
ard
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er E
lect
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l Iro
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and
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ork
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09
118
68H
ard
ang
er Ir
on
No
rweg
ian
Iro
n1
1927
Hau
gsv
ik S
mel
tin
g W
ork
s19
26B
riti
shA
lum
iniu
m1
1862
Ho
ltaa
len
s C
op
per
Wo
rks
519
10s–
1938
Ho
san
ger
Nic
kel W
ork
s86
(m
ax.)
Nic
kel
119
38H
um
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n L
imes
ton
e M
ine
23Li
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ton
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1910
sH
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en F
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M
ine
119
10s
Hæ
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es1
1920
sH
øiå
sen
Min
es18
(m
ax.)
Res
tart
191
7N
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1927
–193
3Ila
an
d L
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ork
s19
36 (
1906
an
d
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)C
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119
13Ile
n S
mel
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g W
ork
sC
arb
ide
119
10s
Iro
n M
ine
in B
eits
tad
enIr
on
218
72–1
904
Jals
ber
g W
ork
s17
0B
efo
re 1
870
Lead
/zin
c5
1910
s–19
39K
illin
gd
al M
ines
240
(max
.)16
74N
orw
egia
n/
Eng
lish
Co
pp
er/p
yrit
e
419
13–1
932
Kin
gs
Bay
Co
al M
ines
160
(max
.)19
16N
orw
egia
n
(co
nti
nu
ed )
240 Appendices
Nu
mb
er
of
min
ing
en
gin
eers
Yea
r em
plo
yed
Co
mp
any
Nam
eN
um
ber
of
wo
rker
sa
Yea
r o
f es
tab
lish
men
tN
atio
nal
ity
Pro
du
ctio
n
719
03–1
933
Kjø
li M
ine
105
(max
.)17
66–1
798,
1857
–68,
18
96–1
907,
19
10–1
940
Co
pp
er/p
yrit
e
119
20s
Kjø
rho
lt L
imes
ton
e M
ine
77 (
max
.)75
Co
nti
nu
ou
sly
Ko
ng
sber
g S
ilver
Wo
rks
Aro
un
d 3
70
(max
.)16
23N
orw
egia
n
(pu
blic
)Si
lver
1A
rou
nd
191
9K
rist
ian
Gav
e C
op
per
W
ork
s4
Co
pp
er
16C
on
tin
uo
usl
yK
rist
ian
san
d N
icke
l R
efin
ery
(Fal
con
bri
dg
e N
icke
l Wo
rks)
577
(max
.)19
10N
orw
egia
n/
Can
adia
nN
icke
l
2Ea
rly
1910
sK
vin
a M
ines
272
1910
s–19
25K
vikn
e M
inin
g C
om
pan
y1
1883
Kri
stia
nsu
nd
Min
ing
Pla
nt
119
30s
Laks
ådal
en M
oly
bd
en
Min
es67
(m
ax.)
1937
119
10s
Lan
dfa
ld M
ine
119
10s
Lan
gø
Iro
n M
ines
1116
09–1
665
and
18
82–1
921
Iro
n
118
67Li
nd
vike
n P
yrit
e M
ines
23 (
max
.)B
efo
re 1
866
Pyri
te24
Fro
m la
te
nin
etee
nth
ce
ntu
ry
Løkk
en W
ork
s (O
rkla
)67
0 (m
ax.)
1652
No
rweg
ian
; Sw
edis
h
fro
m 1
904
Co
pp
er/p
yrit
e
819
06–1
919
Mer
aker
Min
es75
(m
ax.)
1761
–192
0N
orw
egia
n/
Ger
man
/B
elg
ian
Co
pp
er/p
yrit
e
119
28M
ines
an
d O
re L
td.
(co
nti
nu
ed )
241 Appendices
Nu
mb
er
of
min
ing
en
gin
eers
Yea
r em
plo
yed
Co
mp
any
Nam
eN
um
ber
of
wo
rker
sa
Yea
r o
f es
tab
lish
men
tN
atio
nal
ity
Pro
du
ctio
n
219
10s
Min
ing
Co
mp
any
Do
vre
Pyri
te1
1916
Mo
lsaa
Pyr
ite
Min
es1
1850
Nes
kile
n Io
rn M
ines
(F
oss
um
Iro
n W
ork
s)47
(m
ax.)
End
of
seve
nte
enth
ce
ntu
ry t
o e
nd
of
nin
etee
nth
cen
tury
No
rweg
ian
Iro
n
118
74N
ord
erh
ov
Nic
kel W
ork
s5
119
33N
ord
ic A
lum
iniu
m In
du
stry
(N
orw
egia
n A
lum
iniu
m
Co
mp
any)
Alu
min
ium
219
03 a
nd
19
20N
ord
ic M
inin
g C
om
pan
y Lt
d.
43 (
max
.)19
02Sw
edis
h
619
28–1
935
No
rth
ern
No
rway
Min
ing
C
om
pan
y (b
erg
verk
sels
kap
et
«No
rd-N
org
e»)
118
99N
orw
ay M
inin
g C
om
pan
y Lt
d.
(Ber
gve
rksa
ktie
sels
kap
et
No
rge)
85 (
max
.)
619
10s–
1938
No
rweg
ian
Alu
min
ium
C
om
pan
y (N
AC
O)
Aro
un
d
1000
1916
No
rweg
ian
/N
ort
h
Am
eric
an
Alu
min
ium
119
19N
orw
egia
n E
lect
rica
l Met
al
Ind
ust
ry1
1917
No
rweg
ian
Ele
ctri
cal S
teel
W
ork
s19
16–1
917
(co
nti
nu
ed )
242 Appendices
Nu
mb
er
of
min
ing
en
gin
eers
Yea
r em
plo
yed
Co
mp
any
Nam
eN
um
ber
of
wo
rker
sa
Yea
r o
f es
tab
lish
men
tN
atio
nal
ity
Pro
du
ctio
n
219
20–1
930s
No
rweg
ian
Met
allu
rgic
al
Co
mp
any
119
09N
orw
egia
n M
inin
g
Co
mp
any
Ltd
. (A
/S d
et
no
rske
ber
gse
lska
p)
118
80N
orw
egia
n M
inin
g
Co
mp
any
(No
rske
g
ruve
kom
pan
is f
eld
stap
t o
g a
pat
itg
ruve
r)
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spar
119
30s
No
rweg
ian
Fel
dsp
at
Co
mp
any
Ltd
.Fe
ldsp
ar
119
21N
orw
egia
n S
teel
Ltd
.18
23N
orw
egia
nSt
eel
218
20s
and
19
37N
æs
Iro
n W
ork
s11
4 (m
ax.)
1665
No
rweg
ian
Iro
n
319
07–1
917
Ofo
ten
Ore
519
24–1
929
Pors
a C
op
per
Min
es72
Co
pp
er1
1917
Pors
gru
nd
El
ectr
om
etal
lurg
ical
Ltd
.19
13Sw
iss
Stee
l
119
10s
Ram
saas
Nic
kel W
ork
sN
icke
l1
1908
Ran
en L
ead
an
d S
ilver
W
ork
s6
319
09–1
938
Rau
san
d M
ines
142
(max
.)10
Co
nti
nu
ou
sly
Rin
ger
ike
Nic
kel W
ork
s26
1 (m
ax.)
1849
–192
0G
erm
anN
icke
l1
1872
Ro
m N
icke
l Wo
rks
100
1866
–187
6N
orw
egia
nN
icke
l1
1911
Rø
dfj
elle
t Py
rite
Min
es46
1911
–192
0Py
rite
119
18R
øen
Min
eC
hro
me
(co
nti
nu
ed )
243 Appendices
Nu
mb
er
of
min
ing
en
gin
eers
Yea
r em
plo
yed
Co
mp
any
Nam
eN
um
ber
of
wo
rker
sa
Yea
r o
f es
tab
lish
men
tN
atio
nal
ity
Pro
du
ctio
n
119
16R
øra
gen
Ch
rom
e Ir
on
M
ines
52C
on
tin
uo
usl
yR
øro
s C
op
per
Wo
rks
700
(max
.)16
44N
orw
egia
nC
op
per
619
09–1
920s
Rø
stva
ng
en M
ines
201
(max
.)19
04–1
921
Swed
ish
119
10Sa
lan
gen
Min
ing
Co
mp
any
259
(max
.)19
07G
erm
an1
1910
sSa
rgijo
k G
old
Co
mp
any
218
81–1
885
Sen
jen
Nic
kel W
ork
s43
0 (m
ax.)
1872
–188
6N
icke
l1
1875
Sig
dal
Nic
kel W
ork
s39
(m
ax.)
1874
–187
9N
orw
egia
nN
icke
l3
1910
s–19
36Sk
alan
d G
rap
hit
e W
ork
s45
1917
No
rweg
ian
Gra
ph
ite
1Ea
rly
twen
tiet
h
cen
tury
Skan
dia
Co
pp
er W
ork
s19
06C
op
per
118
90s
Skar
a Si
lver
Min
es
(Ko
ng
sber
g S
ilver
Wo
rks)
60–7
017
69–1
782
and
17
89–1
810,
clo
sed
18
92
Silv
er
1Ea
rly
twen
tiet
h
cen
tury
Sko
rova
s Py
rite
Min
esN
orw
egia
nPy
rite
119
10s
Smo
rten
Iro
n M
ines
219
19St
avan
ger
Ele
ctro
Ste
el
Wo
rks
1911
Stee
l
11C
on
tin
uo
usl
ySt
ord
ø P
yrit
e M
ines
367
(max
.)19
07N
orw
egia
n
(pu
blic
)Py
rite
119
07St
oro
lva
Pyri
te M
ines
Pyri
te1
1908
Sto
rvo
ld M
ines
20C
on
tin
uo
usl
ySu
litje
lma
Min
es17
50 (
max
.)18
87Sw
edis
h/
No
rweg
ian
Co
pp
er/p
yrit
e
(co
nti
nu
ed )
244 Appendices
Nu
mb
er
of
min
ing
en
gin
eers
Yea
r em
plo
yed
Co
mp
any
Nam
eN
um
ber
of
wo
rker
sa
Yea
r o
f es
tab
lish
men
tN
atio
nal
ity
Pro
du
ctio
n
319
11–1
919
Svan
øe
Pyri
te M
ines
Aro
un
d 1
0018
70s–
1923
No
rweg
ian
Pyri
te2
1879
–188
0Sv
enn
ing
dal
Min
es50
–60
1876
–190
0N
orw
egia
nSi
lver
13C
on
tin
uo
usl
ySy
dva
ran
ger
Min
e Lt
d.
1570
(m
ax.)
1906
Ger
man
/N
orw
egia
nIr
on
219
10s
Tin
foss
Iro
n W
ork
s34
(m
ax.)
1910
Iro
n4
1918
–193
9Ti
tan
ia L
td.
142
(max
.)19
02N
orw
egia
nIr
on
119
10s
Tro
lleru
d S
ilver
Wo
rks
1La
te
nin
etee
nth
ce
ntu
ry
Tro
nsl
i Min
ing
Co
mp
any
1318
84–
aro
un
d 1
910
Co
pp
er
9C
on
tin
uo
usl
yV
igsn
es C
op
per
Wo
rks
678
(max
.)18
65Fr
ench
Co
pp
er13
1910
s–19
30Å
md
al C
op
per
Wo
rks
400
(max
.)16
91Fo
reig
nC
op
per
919
18–1
940
Ørn
ehom
men
Mol
ybde
num
M
ines
Ltd
. (K
nabe
n
Mol
ybde
n M
ines
Ltd
.)
391
(max
.)B
efo
re 1
885
Eng
lish
Mo
lyb
den
um
818
05–1
926
Ule
fos
Iro
n W
ork
s37
3 (m
ax.)
1657
No
rweg
ian
Iro
n1
1917
Un
dal
Wo
rks
22 (
max
.)18
651
1917
Vad
da
Min
es L
td.
69 (
max
).19
14Sw
edis
hC
op
per
1Ea
rly
twen
tiet
h
cen
tury
Var
ald
sø P
yrit
e M
ines
8Py
rite
219
10s
Vat
erfj
ord
Mo
lyb
den
M
ines
118
74V
egaa
rdsh
ei A
pat
it M
ine
Ap
atit
e1
1910
sV
ing
elen
an
d F
oss
Min
e in
Ø
ster
dal
en4
1871
–191
8V
ino
ren
Silv
er W
ork
s75
(m
ax.)
Bef
ore
186
6N
orw
egia
nSi
lver (co
nti
nu
ed )
245 Appendices
Nu
mb
er
of
min
ing
en
gin
eers
Yea
r em
plo
yed
Co
mp
any
Nam
eN
um
ber
of
wo
rker
sa
Yea
r o
f es
tab
lish
men
tN
atio
nal
ity
Pro
du
ctio
n
218
77–1
910s
Væ
rdal
en N
icke
l Wo
rks
100
(max
.)1
1861
Ytt
erø
en W
ork
s (t
he
No
rweg
ian
Pyr
ite
Co
mp
any)
217
(max
.)16
35–1
912
(clo
sed
d
ow
n s
ever
al
tim
es)
No
rweg
ian
/En
glis
hC
op
per
/pyr
ite
219
10s
Åså
ren
Co
pp
er M
ine
Seve
nte
enth
cen
tury
Co
pp
era T
hes
e ar
e ap
pro
xim
ate
nu
mb
ers
incl
ud
ing
fu
nct
ion
arie
sbC
hri
stia
nia
Nai
l Wo
rks
pro
du
ced
ste
el, b
ut
elab
ora
ted
pro
du
cts
(nai
ls)
wh
ich
are
str
ictl
y n
ot
par
t o
f m
inin
gSo
urc
es: N
org
es o
ffisi
elle
sta
tist
ikk,
No
rges
Ber
gvæ
rksd
rift
(K
rist
ian
ia/O
slo
, 186
6–19
40);
Als
tad
, O. (
red
.)
Tro
nd
hje
mst
ekn
iker
nes
Mat
rike
l Bio
log
iske
med
del
else
r o
m s
amtl
ige
fast
e o
g h
osp
iter
end
e el
ever
av
Tro
nd
hje
ms
Tekn
iske
Læ
rean
stal
t 18
70–1
915
(Tro
nd
hje
m, 1
916)
; Art
ium
mat
rikl
er s
tud
ente
ne
[stu
den
t ye
arb
oo
ks]
(Kri
stia
nia
/Osl
o,
1855
–194
0); C
hri
stia
nse
n, H
. O. e
t al
. 25-
års
jub
ileu
msb
eret
nin
g 1
912–
1937
Ber
gen
Tek
nis
ke S
kole
Osl
o T
ekn
iske
Sko
le
Tro
nd
hei
m T
ekn
iske
Sko
le (
No
rway
, 193
7); F
ests
krif
t i a
nle
dn
ing
af
Kri
stia
nia
Tek
nis
ke S
kole
s 25
aar
s ju
bilæ
um
(K
rist
ian
ia, 1
898)
; Bag
get
hu
n, R
. Ho
rten
Ing
eniø
rhø
gsk
ole
Ho
rten
tek
nis
ke s
kole
En
ber
etn
ing
om
lan
det
s el
dst
e te
knis
ke s
kole
gje
nn
om
125
år
(Ho
rten
, 198
0); H
eier
, S. (
red
.), 1
00 å
rs b
iog
rafi
sk J
ub
ileu
ms-
fest
skri
ft, H
ort
en T
ekn
iske
Sk
ole
185
5–19
55 (
Ho
rten
, 195
5); K
TS, 5
0 år
sber
etn
ing
om
ing
eniø
rku
llet
fra
Kri
stia
nia
Tek
nis
ke S
kole
189
6 (O
slo
, 194
6);
Kri
stia
nia
tek
nis
ke s
kole
, In
gen
iøre
ne
fra
KTS
189
7–19
47 (
Osl
o, 1
947)
; In
gen
iøre
r fr
a K
r.a T
ekn
iske
Sko
le 1
897
(Kri
stia
nia
, 192
2); K
.T.S
. in
gen
iøre
ne
av 1
909:
mat
rikk
el u
tarb
eid
et t
il 25
-års
jub
ileet
193
4: O
slo
, 193
4; O
slo
Tek
nis
ke
Sko
le (
Osl
o, 1
894)
; KTS
til
Ing
eniø
rku
llet
av 1
910:
20
årsj
ub
ileu
m å
r 19
10–1
930
(Osl
o, 1
930)
; Tro
nd
hje
ms
Tekn
iske
M
ello
msk
ole
s vi
rkso
mh
et i
de
3 fø
rste
læse
aar
1912
–191
5 (T
ron
dh
jem
, 191
6); S
krif
t ve
d 5
0 år
s ju
bile
et f
or
ing
eniø
ren
e fr
a K
.T.S
. 189
4 (O
slo
, 194
4); L
. Esk
edal
, BTS
-mat
rikk
elen
Ing
eniø
rer
ute
ksam
iner
t ve
d B
erg
en T
ekn
iske
Sko
le 1
875–
1975
(B
erg
en 1
975)
; TTL
, 189
7–19
22 (
Kri
stia
nia
, 192
2); T
ron
dh
jem
tek
nis
ke læ
rean
stal
t, F
ests
krif
t ve
d A
fslu
tnin
gen
av
Tro
nd
hje
ms
Tekn
iske
Læ
rean
stal
ts 2
5de
Læse
aar
(Tro
nh
jem
, 189
5); B
. Bas
søe,
Ing
eniø
rmat
rikk
elen
No
rske
Si
vilin
gen
iøre
r 19
01–1
955
med
till
egg
(O
slo
, 196
1); G
løer
sen
, J. (
1932
): B
iog
rafi
ske
Op
lysn
ing
er o
m K
and
idat
er m
ed
eksa
men
fra
Ber
gse
min
aret
på
Ko
ng
sber
g. O
slo
: Den
no
rske
ing
eniø
rfo
ren
ing
; G. B
roch
man
n (
red
.) V
i fra
NTH
de
førs
te
10 k
ull:
191
0–19
19 (
Stav
ang
er, 1
934)
; O. A
mu
nd
sen
, Vi f
ra N
TH d
e n
este
10
kull:
192
0–19
29 (
Osl
o, 1
950)
246 Appendices
Ap
pen
dix
5
Trav
ellin
g N
orw
egia
n m
inin
g e
ng
inee
rsa
to f
ore
ign
ed
uca
tio
nal
inst
itu
tio
ns,
co
mp
anie
s, a
nd
ind
ust
rial
exh
ibit
ion
s
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
Aro
un
d 1
790
Joh
an M
ich
ael
Kru
seU
nkn
ow
n
sch
ola
rsh
ipG
erm
any
Fero
e Is
lan
ds
Sco
tlan
d
Stu
dy
trip
to
Ger
man
min
ing
wo
rks.
Stu
die
d
mec
han
ics
and
min
ing
co
nst
ruct
ion
on
e ye
ar a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y17
91–1
792
Aro
un
d 1
813
Jen
s Es
mar
kG
erm
any
Hu
ng
ary
Pola
nd
Eng
lan
d
Lon
g s
tud
y tr
ip t
o f
ore
ign
co
un
trie
s; M
inin
g
Aca
dem
y in
Fre
iber
g, C
hem
itz,
min
ing
w
ork
s at
Hu
ng
ary,
Ben
atet
, Po
lan
d, a
nd
Sc
hle
isen
Late
r st
ud
y tr
ip t
o E
ng
lan
d17
93C
hri
stia
n A
nch
er
Co
llett
Pub
lic s
cho
lars
hip
Swed
enG
erm
any
2½ y
ears
stu
dy
trip
to
Sw
edis
h a
nd
Ger
man
m
inin
g w
ork
s17
94Pe
ter
Pete
rsen
Pub
lic s
cho
lars
hip
Swed
enSt
ud
yin
g m
inin
g in
Sw
eden
, Fal
un
, an
d
Sto
ckh
olm
, du
rin
g 3
yea
rs17
97A
ug
ust
Ch
rist
ian
B
aum
ann
Swed
enG
erm
any
Stu
die
d in
Fal
un
. Stu
dy
trip
to
big
Ger
man
m
ines
Aro
un
d 1
800
Caj
us
Bra
nd
tFu
nd
“ad
usu
s p
ub
lico
s”N
orw
ayO
bta
ined
200
rik
sdal
er a
nn
ual
ly t
o s
tud
y co
ins
and
sm
elti
ng
pla
nts
at
Ko
ng
sber
gA
rou
nd
18
00–1
830
Pou
l Ste
enst
rup
Pub
lic s
cho
lars
hip
Swed
enG
erm
any
Au
stri
a
Stu
dy
trip
to
Ger
man
y an
d A
ust
ria
Trav
elle
d t
o S
wed
en o
n b
ehal
f o
f K
ing
Car
l Jo
han
to
exa
min
e ir
on
wo
rks
1804
–180
5Pe
ter
Joac
him
H
olt
enSw
eden
Stu
dy
trip
to
Sto
ckh
olm
1804
–180
7C
hri
stia
n
Mü
nst
erG
erm
any
Pola
nd
Ital
y
Stu
die
d a
t a
Ger
man
ed
uca
tio
nal
inst
itu
tio
n
and
tra
velle
d a
bro
ad
(co
nti
nu
ed )
247 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
Bet
wee
n
1807
an
d
1812
Hen
rich
Ch
rist
ian
St
røm
Swed
enFr
ance
Ger
man
yEn
gla
nd
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y.
Scie
nti
fic
stu
dy
trip
s
1808
Eric
h O
tto
K
no
ph
On
beh
alf
of
Rø
ros
Co
pp
er W
ork
sSw
eden
Trav
elle
d t
o F
alu
n C
op
per
Wo
rks
wit
h t
wo
w
ork
ers
fro
m t
he
smel
tin
g p
lan
t to
stu
dy
cop
per
sm
elti
ng
met
ho
ds
1820
s18
30s
Bal
taza
r M
ath
ias
Kei
lhau
Fun
d “
scie
nti
fic
trav
els
wit
hin
N
orw
ay”
No
rway
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
in B
erlin
an
d F
reib
erg
. Stu
dy
trip
ab
road
fo
r m
any
year
s an
d m
any
trip
s w
ith
in N
orw
ay18
22 a
nd
18
39K
nu
d O
lsen
On
beh
alf
of
Rø
ros
Co
pp
er W
ork
sSw
eden
Ger
man
yLo
ng
tri
ps
to s
ever
al G
erm
an a
nd
Sw
edis
h
min
esA
rou
nd
182
618
46K
arl F
ried
rich
B
øb
ert
Ger
man
yB
elg
ium
Fran
ceSw
itze
rlan
dSw
eden
Stu
die
d a
t th
e M
inin
g A
cad
emy
in C
lau
sth
al,
Un
iver
sity
in H
alle
, an
d M
inin
g A
cad
emy
in
Frei
ber
g. V
isit
ed G
erm
an m
ines
an
d
trav
elle
d o
n t
he
Co
nti
nen
t to
stu
dy
turb
ines
1829
–183
2A
mu
nd
Lam
mer
sPu
blic
sch
ola
rsh
ipSc
ho
lars
hip
fro
m
Ko
ng
sber
g S
ilver
W
ork
s
Swed
enG
erm
any
Fran
ceA
ust
ria
Ital
ySw
itze
rlan
d
Stu
die
d a
t Fa
lu M
inin
g S
cho
ol 1
830–
1831
. St
ud
y tr
ip t
o F
reib
erg
, Au
stri
a, It
aly,
Sw
itze
rlan
d, a
nd
Fra
nce
Aro
un
d 1
830
Kn
ud
Ols
enSc
ho
lars
hip
fro
m
Rø
ros
Co
pp
er
Wo
rks
Swed
enG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t d
iffe
ren
t G
erm
an a
nd
Sw
edis
h
min
ing
wo
rks
and
th
e M
inin
g S
cho
ol i
n
Falu
n18
37Pe
ter
Asc
aniu
s Sc
hu
ltO
n b
ehal
f o
f R
øro
s C
op
per
Wo
rks
Swed
enTr
avel
led
to
Fal
un
in 1
837
to s
tud
y w
ires
(co
nti
nu
ed )
248 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1837
–183
8C
asp
er H
erm
ann
La
ng
ber
gSw
eden
Stu
dy
trip
s to
th
e Pr
od
uct
ion
of
Co
in in
St
ock
ho
lm18
43Em
il B
ertr
and
M
ün
ster
Pub
lic s
cho
lars
hip
Ger
man
yA
ust
ria
Stu
dy
trip
to
Ger
man
y an
d A
ust
ria.
Stu
die
d
smel
tin
g a
nd
am
alg
amat
ion
pro
cess
es a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y. W
ent
also
to
M
ansf
eld
t, C
lau
sth
al, a
nd
oth
er c
itie
s to
st
ud
y m
ines
an
d p
lan
ts, c
hem
ical
fac
tori
es,
lab
ora
tori
es, a
nd
co
llect
ion
s18
43–1
844
Sju
r A
mu
nd
sen
Se
xeSt
ate
sch
ola
rsh
ipSw
eden
Ger
man
yV
isit
ed m
inin
g w
ork
s in
Sw
eden
an
d
Ger
man
y an
d a
sh
ort
sta
y at
th
e U
niv
ersi
ty
in B
erlin
1845
Joh
an A
nd
reas
Se
llO
n b
ehal
f o
f K
on
gsb
erg
Silv
er
Wo
rks
Ger
man
yW
ent
to G
erm
any
to s
tud
y m
ach
ine
tech
niq
ues
wit
h m
ach
ine
exp
ert
Pro
fess
or
Juliu
s W
eisb
ach
at
the
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y in
Fr
eib
erg
. Stu
die
d t
urb
ines
in S
ach
sen
1846
Kar
l Fri
edri
ch
Bø
ber
tO
n b
ehal
f o
f K
on
gsb
erg
Silv
er
Wo
rks
Bel
giu
mFr
ance
Swit
zerl
and
Ger
man
y
Trav
elle
d a
rou
nd
on
th
e C
on
tin
ent
to s
tud
y tu
rbin
es a
t m
inin
g w
ork
s
1849
1851
–185
218
62
Theo
do
r K
jeru
lfU
niv
ersi
ty
sch
ola
rsh
ipN
orw
ayIc
elan
dFr
ance
Ger
man
yA
ust
ria
Cze
cho
slo
vaki
a
Geo
log
ical
stu
dy
trip
at
Har
dan
ger
vid
da,
N
orw
ay. L
ater
fiel
d t
rip
s to
Icel
and
, Fra
nce
, H
arz
and
Erz
geb
ird
e in
Ger
man
y, a
nd
Tir
ol
in A
ust
ria.
Sta
yed
wit
h r
esea
rch
ers
Kar
l G
eorg
Bis
cho
f in
Bo
nn
an
d R
ob
ert
Wilh
elm
B
un
sen
in H
eid
elb
erg
. In
185
1 at
th
e U
niv
ersi
ty in
Bo
nn
an
d o
ther
pla
ces.
Stu
dy
trip
to
Ber
lin, B
resl
au, a
nd
Vie
nn
a to
inq
uir
e w
ith
sp
ecia
lists
wit
h r
egar
d t
o m
app
ing
(co
nti
nu
ed )
249 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1846
–184
7B
efo
re 1
850
Telle
f D
ahll
Swed
enG
erm
any
Eng
lan
d
Stu
dy
trip
to
Ger
man
an
d S
wed
ish
min
es.
Wen
t to
En
gla
nd
to
lear
n a
bo
ut
pal
aeo
nto
log
y an
d s
trat
igra
ph
y18
5518
77–1
878
Car
l An
ton
B
jerk
nes
Fore
ign
sch
ola
rsh
ipPu
blic
sch
ola
rsh
ipG
erm
any
Fran
ceSt
ud
y tr
ip t
o d
iffe
ren
t p
lace
s in
Ger
man
y,
such
as
the
Un
iver
sity
in G
ött
ing
en.
Part
icip
ated
at
the
Inte
rnat
ion
al E
xpo
siti
on
o
f El
ectr
icit
y in
Par
is in
188
1. “
Scie
nti
fic
stu
dy
trip
” to
Ger
man
y an
d F
ran
ce18
57K
nu
d H
auan
Swed
enG
erm
any
Wen
t to
Fal
un
in S
wed
en a
nd
Fre
iber
g t
o
stu
dy
1858
Har
tvig
Cas
per
C
hri
stie
Pub
lic s
cho
lars
hip
Ger
man
yFr
ance
Stu
die
d p
hys
ics
at U
niv
ersi
ties
in G
ött
ing
en
and
Par
is18
58H
aral
d H
anst
een
On
beh
alf
of
Rø
ros
Co
pp
er W
ork
sSw
eden
Wen
t to
Fal
un
1858
1877
Car
l An
tho
n
Paas
keG
erm
any
Stu
dy
trip
to
Ger
man
y to
stu
dy
“Fah
r-ku
nst
”
1859
1876
1886
1880
s
Jaco
b P
avel
Fri
isO
n b
ehal
f o
f K
on
gsb
erg
Silv
er
Wo
rks
and
Rø
ros
Co
pp
er W
ork
s
Eng
lan
dG
erm
any
Swed
enFr
ance
Ital
ySp
ain
Wen
t ab
road
to
stu
dy
stee
l dri
lls. W
ent
to
Swed
en t
o s
tud
y th
e u
se o
f co
ke in
sm
elti
ng
. Wen
t w
ith
An
ton
So
ph
us
Bac
hke
to
Fra
nce
an
d It
aly
to s
tud
y el
ectr
oly
tic
pro
cess
es
1865
Pou
l Han
sen
B
irch
Ho
lmse
nO
n b
ehal
f o
f K
on
gsb
erg
Silv
er
Wo
rks
Ger
man
yW
ent
to G
erm
any
to s
tud
y w
ater
co
lum
n
mac
hin
es f
or
ore
lift
ing
an
d t
urb
ines
fo
r d
rain
age
and
lift
ing
1867
Han
s El
ias
Pete
r A
nd
reas
H
olm
sen
On
beh
alf
of
Rø
ros
Co
pp
er W
ork
sSw
eden
Wen
t to
Sw
edis
h m
ines
Aro
un
d 1
870
Kn
ud
Hau
anG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y (co
nti
nu
ed )
250 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1871
Mar
tin
Ph
ilip
R
asch
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
th
e u
se o
f d
ynam
ite
at G
erm
an
min
ing
wo
rks
in H
arz
and
Fre
iber
g18
71–1
913
Am
un
d T
heo
do
r H
ella
nd
Pub
lic s
cho
lars
hip
Ger
man
yIt
aly
Eng
lan
dH
olla
nd
Den
mar
k
Stu
die
d m
inin
g in
Sw
itze
rlan
d a
nd
Ger
man
y 18
76–1
877.
Stu
dy
trip
s w
ith
in N
orw
ay a
nd
ab
road
. Stu
die
d m
icro
sco
pic
pet
rog
rap
hy
in
Leip
zig
, wen
t to
th
e la
kes
in n
ort
her
n It
aly
and
stu
die
d N
orw
egia
n g
laci
al e
rrat
ic in
En
gla
nd
, Ho
llan
d, n
ort
her
n G
erm
any,
an
d
Den
mar
k. Im
ple
men
ted
late
r g
eolo
gic
al
surv
eys
in t
he
Ork
ney
Isla
nd
s, S
het
lan
d
Isla
nd
s, a
nd
Fae
roe
Isla
nd
s b
efo
re g
oin
g t
o
Icel
and
1873
–187
6G
ust
av B
ruu
nG
erm
any
Stu
die
d c
hem
istr
y an
d m
inin
g a
t p
oly
tech
nic
sc
ho
ols
in M
un
chen
an
d C
lau
sth
al in
H
ano
ver
1876
–187
7A
bra
ham
G
od
tfre
d
Pun
terv
old
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Dre
sdn
er P
oly
tech
nik
um
Aro
un
d 1
878
Osc
ar S
tave
Fran
ceSt
ud
ied
in F
ran
ce18
7918
85–1
889
Ola
f A
abel
C
orn
eliu
ssen
Ko
ng
sber
g S
ilver
W
ork
s Sc
ho
lars
hip
Vig
snes
Wo
rks
sch
ola
rsh
ip
Wal
esEn
gla
nd
Bel
giu
mG
erm
any
Fran
ceLu
xem
bo
urg
“Sci
enti
fic
fore
ign
tri
p”
in 1
879
to W
ales
, C
orn
wal
l, B
elg
ium
, an
d H
arze
n t
o s
tud
y m
iner
al p
roce
ssin
g a
nd
“Fa
hr-
kun
ster
” at
m
ines
. In
188
5 h
e w
ent
to t
he
Inte
rnat
ion
al
Exp
osi
tio
n in
An
twer
p in
188
5 an
d t
he
Un
iver
sal E
xpo
siti
on
in P
aris
in 1
889.
St
ud
ied
min
eral
- pro
cess
ing
pla
nts
in
Ger
man
y an
d c
able
lift
pla
nts
in
Luxe
mb
ou
rg18
80s
Jaco
b R
oll
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
in G
erm
any
(co
nti
nu
ed )
251 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1880
sA
nto
n S
op
hu
s B
ach
keO
n b
ehal
f o
f R
øro
s C
op
per
Wo
rks
Swed
enD
enm
ark
Ger
man
yB
elg
ium
Eng
lan
dFr
ance
Ital
ySp
ain
Stu
die
d p
yrit
e an
d m
eth
od
s fo
r ch
eap
er
pro
cess
ing
of
cop
per
; Pie
rre
Man
hès
pro
cess
in
Fra
nce
an
d e
lect
roly
tic
pro
cess
es in
Fr
ance
an
d It
aly
1880
–190
019
27–1
928
Joh
an H
erm
an
Lie
Vo
gt
Un
iver
sity
sc
ho
lars
hip
Un
kno
wn
sc
ho
lars
hip
sFo
reig
n s
cho
lars
hip
Two
su
mm
er t
rave
l sc
ho
lars
hip
sR
ath
ke s
cho
lars
hip
No
rway
Ger
man
ySw
eden
Eng
lan
dFr
ance
Spai
nSw
itze
rlan
dIt
aly
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
die
d a
t D
resd
ner
Po
lyte
chn
iku
m a
nd
Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y. T
rave
lled
aro
un
d
Euro
pe
to s
tud
y m
inin
g. W
ent
at le
ast
14
tim
es t
o S
wed
en. S
tud
ied
iro
n m
etal
lurg
y an
d q
uan
tita
tive
- ch
emic
al a
nal
ysis
at
the
Min
ing
Sch
oo
l in
Sto
ckh
olm
. Vis
ited
man
y Sw
edis
h m
inin
g w
ork
s an
d in
stit
uti
on
s.
Seve
ral t
rip
s to
Ger
man
y an
d m
any
excu
rsio
ns
aro
un
d E
rzeb
irg
e an
d H
az. S
tud
y tr
ip t
o E
ng
lan
d a
nd
Sco
tlan
d t
o v
isit
iro
n
ore
s an
d c
oal
min
es. P
arti
cip
ated
at
the
Live
rpo
ol I
nte
rnat
ion
al E
xhib
itio
n in
188
6,
the
Un
iver
sal E
xpo
siti
on
in P
aris
in 1
889,
th
e Ex
hib
itio
n o
f M
inin
g a
nd
Met
allu
rgy
in
Lon
do
n in
189
0 an
d t
he
Un
iver
sal
Exp
osi
tio
n in
Par
is in
190
0A
rou
nd
188
1D
ider
ik
Cap
pel
enFr
ance
Stu
dy
trip
to
Fra
nce
an
d t
rave
lled
wit
h
stu
den
ts f
rom
Eco
le d
es m
ines
in P
aris
1881
Tru
ls W
iel
Kre
ftin
gG
erm
any
Fin
ish
ed s
tud
ies
at F
reib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y
(co
nti
nu
ed )
252 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1882
Han
s K
nu
tsen
Ger
man
yG
reen
lan
dSt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy.
Stu
dy
trip
to
Gre
enla
nd
on
beh
alf
of
the
Kin
g18
84–1
900
Hja
lmar
Wilh
elm
A
do
lph
R
osc
her
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipO
n b
ehal
f o
f K
on
gsb
erg
Silv
er
Wo
rks
No
rway
Ger
man
yFr
ance
400
kr. 2
–3 m
on
ths
trav
el t
o N
orw
egia
n
smel
tin
g p
lan
ts w
ith
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ip in
18
84. W
ent
late
r to
stu
dy
min
ing
, Bra
nd
tske
d
rilli
ng
mac
hin
es o
n b
ehal
f o
f K
on
gsb
erg
Si
lver
Wo
rks.
Wen
t la
ter
to G
erm
an a
nd
A
ust
rian
min
es t
o s
tud
y m
iner
al p
roce
ssin
g.
Part
icip
ated
at
the
Un
iver
sal E
xpo
siti
on
in
Pari
s in
190
018
85C
hri
stia
n
Thau
low
Nis
sen
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
min
ing
an
d s
mel
tin
g a
t Fr
eib
erg
M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1885
–189
5Em
il K
nu
dse
nSt
ate
sch
ola
rsh
ipSc
ho
lars
hip
fro
m
Vig
snes
Co
pp
er
Wo
rks
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Swed
enG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t th
e Te
chn
ical
Sch
oo
l in
Mü
nch
en
and
Fre
iber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy.
Ass
iste
d a
t th
e In
tern
atio
nal
Exp
osi
tio
n in
An
twer
p in
18
85 a
nd
th
e W
orl
d E
xhib
itio
n in
Ch
icag
o
1893
. Vis
ited
Lak
e A
ng
elin
e M
ine
(iro
n)
wh
ere
he
stu
die
d e
lect
ric
loco
mo
tive
tr
ansp
ort
in t
he
min
es. S
tud
ied
at
the
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y in
Ho
ug
hto
n a
nd
tra
velle
d
to m
ines
an
d o
re-d
ress
ing
pla
nts
in
Ho
ug
hto
n; S
olw
ay W
ork
s, S
yrac
use
, wh
ere
he
stu
die
d M
arw
in’s
ele
ctri
cal d
rilli
ng
m
ach
ine.
He
wen
t to
Sw
eden
to
vis
it a
n
elec
tric
po
wer
sta
tio
n in
Ber
gsl
agen
an
d
mag
net
ic s
epar
atio
n f
or
iro
n o
re in
St
ock
ho
lm18
88O
le S
and
stad
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipN
orw
ayM
etal
lurg
ical
stu
die
s o
f N
orw
egia
n n
icke
l, co
pp
er, a
nd
co
al m
inin
g w
ork
s
(co
nti
nu
ed )
253 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1888
1894
Emili
us
Kn
uts
en
Loo
ftG
erm
any
Stu
die
d in
Wie
sbad
en a
nd
late
r in
Lei
pzi
g
1893
1895
Emil
Kn
ud
sen
On
beh
alf
of
Rø
ros
Co
pp
er W
ork
sSw
eden
Wen
t to
Sw
eden
to
vis
it a
n e
lect
ric
po
wer
st
atio
n in
Ber
gsl
agen
an
d m
agn
etic
se
par
atio
n f
or
iro
n o
re in
Sto
ckh
olm
on
b
ehal
f o
f R
øro
s C
op
per
Wo
rks
Wen
t to
Ger
man
y an
d S
chu
cker
t’s
fact
ori
es
aro
un
d 1
895
in r
elat
ion
to
th
e in
stal
lati
on
o
f th
e el
ectr
ic p
ow
er s
tati
on
at
Rø
ros
Co
pp
er W
ork
s18
94C
arl C
asp
er
Riib
erO
n b
ehal
f o
f K
on
gsb
erg
Silv
er
Wo
rks
Swed
enG
erm
any
Hu
ng
ary
Au
stri
a
Wen
t to
stu
dy
elec
tric
al d
rilli
ng
mac
hin
es a
nd
lif
ts
1889
Ch
rist
ian
Th
ams
(co
nst
ruct
ion
en
gin
eer)
No
rway
Part
icip
ated
in t
he
No
rweg
ian
pav
ilio
n a
t th
e U
niv
ersa
l Exp
osi
tio
n in
Par
is
Aro
un
d t
he
1890
sH
enri
k K
rist
ian
B
orc
hg
revi
nk
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipN
orw
ayC
anad
aM
exic
oEu
rop
e
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ip, 2
00 k
r. in
189
1 to
stu
dy
rem
ova
l an
d t
ran
spo
rt o
f o
re a
t N
orw
egia
n
min
ing
wo
rks
(co
nst
ruct
ion
met
ho
ds
and
o
re d
ress
ing
). T
rave
lled
late
r to
Can
ada
and
M
exic
o a
nd
aro
un
d in
Eu
rop
eA
fter
189
0H
olm
Eg
eber
g
Ho
lmse
nTw
o s
cho
lars
hip
s fo
r te
chn
icia
ns
Swed
enG
erm
any
Au
stri
aEn
gla
nd
Sco
tlan
d
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y. S
tud
y tr
ip t
o S
wed
ish
, Ger
man
, an
d A
ust
rian
m
ines
. Tra
velle
d la
ter
to E
ng
lan
d a
nd
Sc
otl
and
. Par
tici
pat
ed a
t th
e G
ener
al A
rt
and
Ind
ust
rial
Exp
osi
tio
n o
f St
ock
ho
lm in
18
97
(co
nti
nu
ed )
254 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1891
Aro
un
d
1900
Car
l Elie
son
St
abel
lG
erm
any
Stu
dy
trip
to
Fre
iber
g s
mel
tin
g p
lan
ts a
nd
st
ud
ied
sm
elti
ng
pro
cess
es o
f th
e ti
me.
St
ud
ied
late
r at
th
e Te
chn
ical
Sch
oo
l in
D
resd
en18
9118
96–1
897
Car
l Ola
f B
ern
har
d
Dam
m
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipPu
blic
sch
ola
rsh
ipU
nkn
ow
n
sch
ola
rsh
ips
No
rway
Swed
enG
erm
any
Au
stri
a
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ip, 2
00 k
r. in
189
1 to
stu
dy
rem
ova
l an
d t
ran
spo
rt o
f o
re a
t N
orw
egia
n
min
ing
wo
rks
(co
nst
ruct
ion
).D
id s
urv
eys
and
stu
die
d g
eolo
gy,
an
alys
is o
f ro
cks,
an
d p
etro
gra
ph
y at
th
e U
niv
ersi
ty in
U
pp
sala
an
d H
eid
elb
erg
. Wen
t al
so t
o
Au
stri
a18
93Fr
itz
Juliu
s M
årth
énG
erm
any
Au
stri
aSt
ud
y tr
ips
1893
Aro
un
d 1
900
An
dre
as
Ho
lmse
nU
nkn
ow
n
sch
ola
rsh
ips
Ger
man
ySw
itze
rlan
dA
ust
ria
Fran
ce
Ob
tain
ed 2
00 k
r. to
stu
dy
no
rth
ern
min
ing
w
ork
s. S
ever
al s
tud
y tr
ips
to s
tud
y g
eolo
gy
and
tec
hn
iqu
es. S
tud
ied
at
tech
nic
al s
cho
ols
in
Zu
rich
an
d M
un
ich
an
d U
niv
ersi
ties
in
Vie
nn
a an
d P
aris
1893
–189
5Jo
hn
Geo
rge
Dah
llG
erm
any
Eng
lan
dSt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
and
R
oya
l Co
lleg
e o
f Sc
ien
ce in
Lo
nd
on
. Man
y st
ud
y tr
ips
abro
adB
efo
re 1
894
Gu
db
ran
d
Thes
enG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y
1896
Ric
har
d F
red
erik
St
alsb
erg
Sch
ola
rsh
ip f
rom
R
øro
s C
op
per
W
ork
s
Swed
enSt
ud
ied
at
Sala
in S
wed
en
1897
Ole
Ned
rum
H
agen
Sch
ola
rsh
ip f
rom
K
on
gsb
erg
Silv
er
Wo
rks
Swed
enW
ent
to t
he
Gen
eral
Art
an
d In
du
stri
al
Exh
ibit
ion
of
Sto
ckh
olm
an
d a
nu
mb
er o
f Sw
edis
h m
ines
(co
nti
nu
ed )
255 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1897
–189
9O
le A
nd
reas
B
ach
keG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y
1897
1900
Theo
do
r W
ilhel
m
Ho
lmse
n
(mac
hin
e te
chn
icia
n)
Two
sta
te
sch
ola
rsh
ips
No
rway
Swed
enFr
ance
Stu
die
d c
op
per
ext
ract
ion
at
Løkk
en m
ine
and
wen
t to
th
e w
orl
d e
xhib
itio
n in
Par
is in
19
00 t
o s
tud
y m
od
ern
min
ing
, esp
ecia
lly
pu
mp
s an
d li
ftin
g e
qu
ipm
ent.
Stu
die
d o
re
dre
ssin
g a
nd
met
allu
rgic
al p
roce
sses
at
five
Sw
edis
h c
om
pan
ies
1898
Gu
db
ran
d
Hen
riks
enC
anad
aD
id r
esea
rch
on
cu
pro
nic
kel
1899
Wo
rm H
irsc
h
Lun
dG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y
Aro
un
d 1
899
Ch
rist
ian
H
orr
ebo
w
Ho
man
Eng
lan
dFr
ance
Ger
man
y
Stu
die
d a
t R
oya
l Sch
oo
l of
min
es. S
tud
y tr
ips
to E
ng
lish
, Fre
nch
, an
d G
erm
an m
ines
an
d
smel
tin
g p
lan
tsA
rou
nd
190
0Jo
han
Car
l A
nd
rese
nEu
rop
eSe
vera
l stu
dy
trip
s
1901
Tho
mas
Geo
rg
Mü
nst
erSw
eden
Den
mar
kG
erm
any
Au
stri
a
Stu
dy
trip
ab
road
to
stu
dy
coin
sys
tem
s
1901
–190
6N
ils E
rik
Len
and
erSw
eden
Stu
die
d a
t th
e U
niv
ersi
ty o
f U
pp
sala
an
d t
he
Min
ing
Sch
oo
l in
Sto
ckh
olm
1901
–190
3A
rou
nd
191
3La
uri
tz
Do
ren
feld
t Je
nss
en
Swed
enG
erm
any
Spai
nTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y. S
tud
y tr
ips
1902
1903
–190
4A
nto
n W
inck
ler
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
die
d a
t M
ich
igan
Co
lleg
e o
f M
ines (co
nti
nu
ed )
256 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1903
–190
5Er
ling
Lo
ssiu
s Jø
rgen
sen
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1902
–190
3A
nto
n M
arti
n
Grø
nn
ing
sæte
rG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y
1904
–190
5Th
ora
lf
Bro
dtk
orp
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
Aro
un
d 1
905
Sven
Dah
lqu
ist
Swed
enSt
ud
ied
at
the
Min
ing
Sch
oo
l in
Fal
un
Aro
un
d 1
905
Wilh
elm
Geo
rg
Tid
eman
dTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSt
ud
y tr
ips
Aro
un
d 1
905
Han
s H
enri
k H
orn
eman
Un
iver
sity
sc
ho
lars
hip
No
rway
Geo
log
ical
su
rvey
s in
Lis
ter
and
Man
dal
1905
Aro
un
d 1
907
Joh
n N
iko
lai
Joh
ns
Ger
man
ySw
eden
Stu
dy
trip
to
a n
um
ber
of
larg
e m
inin
g
com
pan
ies
and
met
allu
rgic
al p
lan
ts. S
tud
ied
m
ach
ines
in S
wed
en19
05–1
906
Ott
o F
red
rik
Bo
rch
gre
vin
kG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y
1905
–190
6Er
ik C
hri
stia
n
Dah
l Bo
rth
enG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y
Aro
un
d19
06C
arl B
ug
ge
Scan
din
avia
Ger
man
ySt
ud
y tr
ip a
bro
ad t
o s
tud
y su
bje
cts
rela
ted
to
co
ins.
Stu
die
d m
iner
alo
gy
and
cr
ysta
llog
rap
hy
in M
ün
chen
Aro
un
d 1
906
Han
s H
elg
esen
Bel
giu
mG
erm
any
Swit
zerl
and
Stu
die
d a
t N
atio
nal
Sch
oo
l of
Min
es in
St.
Et
ien
ne.
Stu
dy
trip
s
Aro
un
d 1
906
1911
–191
319
28
Tho
rolf
Vo
gt
Hje
lmes
tjer
ne
Ro
sen
cro
ne
sch
ola
rsh
ip
Swed
enD
enm
ark
Ger
man
ySc
otl
and
Au
stri
a
Trav
elle
d a
rou
nd
Eu
rop
e. S
tud
ied
min
eral
og
y an
d p
etro
gra
ph
y at
th
e U
niv
ersi
ty in
Vie
nn
a an
d G
ött
ing
en. G
eolo
gic
al e
xped
itio
ns
to
Sval
bar
d
(co
nti
nu
ed )
257 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
Aro
un
d 1
906
1934
–193
6H
aral
d D
ahl
Euro
pe
Spai
nSt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
and
la
ter
at t
he
Un
iver
sity
in C
lau
sth
al. T
rave
lled
w
ith
in E
uro
pe
and
vis
ited
Sp
anis
h p
yrit
e m
ines
1906
–190
7A
rne
Grø
nn
ing
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1906
–190
7A
lfre
d B
ird
y R
also
nSw
eden
Stu
die
d a
t Fa
lun
Min
ing
Sch
oo
l
Aro
un
d
1907
–191
4A
lexa
nd
er
Ch
rist
ian
sen
Ital
yG
erm
any
Au
stri
a
Stu
die
d m
inin
g a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y.
Stu
dy
trip
s. S
ecre
tary
an
d o
rgan
iser
fo
r th
e m
inin
g s
ecti
on
at
the
Jub
ilee
Exh
ibit
ion
in
Ch
rist
ian
ia in
191
419
07–1
908
Nils
Ch
rist
ense
nG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y19
07–1
908
Car
l Jo
han
G
ulli
chse
n
Stee
nst
rup
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipN
orw
aySw
eden
Stu
dy
trip
s to
No
rweg
ian
, Sw
edis
h, a
nd
G
erm
an m
inin
g w
ork
s. O
bta
ined
330
kr.
in
1907
to
stu
dy
ore
dre
ssin
g, e
spec
ially
m
agn
etic
met
ho
d f
or
pro
cess
ing
iro
n o
re a
t N
orw
egia
n m
inin
g w
ork
s19
07–1
909
Dan
kert
Ein
ar
Alm
e To
rkild
sen
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1907
–190
9O
scar
Fre
dri
k G
raff
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
Aro
un
d 1
908
Eyvi
nd
Sto
ltz
Pub
lic s
cho
lars
hip
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipN
orw
ay?
Man
y tr
avel
s ab
road
wit
h s
cho
lars
hip
. 300
kr.
to s
tud
y th
e m
etal
lurg
y o
f co
pp
er, e
spec
ially
m
od
ern
met
ho
ds
for
com
ple
te e
xtra
ctio
n o
f N
orw
egia
n c
op
per
-co
nta
inin
g o
re. I
n t
he
Co
mm
itte
e fo
r d
istr
ibu
tio
n o
f p
rice
s at
th
e Ju
bile
e Ex
hib
itio
n in
Ch
rist
ian
ia
(co
nti
nu
ed )
258 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
Aro
un
d 1
908
1910
s–19
20s
Stei
nar
Fo
slie
Pub
lic s
cho
lars
hip
Ger
man
ySw
eden
Euro
pe
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Can
ada
Stu
dy
trip
to
Cen
tral
Ger
man
y an
d p
riva
te
trip
s ar
ou
nd
Eu
rop
e. P
arti
cip
ated
at
Geo
log
y co
nfe
ren
ces
in T
oro
nto
in 1
913
and
M
adri
d in
192
6
1908
–191
0Er
ik A
nto
n
Dal
set
Two
pu
blic
sc
ho
lars
hip
s?
Stu
die
d m
inin
g a
bro
ad
Aro
un
d
1908
–192
0R
agn
vald
Stø
ren
No
rway
Den
mar
kG
erm
any
Swit
zerl
and
Ital
y
Trav
elle
d w
ith
in N
orw
ay a
nd
ab
road
to
stu
dy
chem
istr
y, “
Elm
er p
roce
ss”
(flo
tati
on
an
d
pro
cess
ing
), o
re s
epar
atio
n, p
roce
ssin
g o
f p
yrit
e, z
inc,
an
d c
oin
sys
tem
1908
Ber
tel K
rist
off
er
Skjæ
rdal
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipSw
eden
300
kr. t
o s
tud
y m
agn
etic
pro
cess
ing
of
ore
1908
Sim
on
Sm
ith
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipN
orw
aySt
ud
y tr
avel
to
a v
arie
ty o
f N
orw
egia
n m
inin
g
wo
rks
to s
tud
y m
inin
g m
easu
rem
ent
and
m
app
ing
of
min
es19
08Si
mo
n K
aren
us
Hø
egh
-Om
dal
Ger
man
ySt
ud
y tr
ip
Aft
er 1
908
Kri
stia
n H
aslu
mN
orw
ayG
erm
any
Bel
giu
mSw
eden
Stu
dy
trav
els
to d
iffe
ren
t m
inin
g p
lan
ts in
N
orw
ay, a
nd
Ger
man
y, B
elg
ium
, an
d
Swed
en. W
ent
to B
elg
ium
an
d S
wed
en t
o
stu
dy
cop
per
ext
ract
ion
Aro
un
d 1
909
Har
ald
Ska
pp
elG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
yA
rou
nd
190
919
19Ei
nar
Hæ
hre
Ger
man
yTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sEx
curs
ion
s w
ith
J. H
. L. V
og
t to
Ger
man
m
inin
g w
ork
s an
d s
mel
tin
g p
lan
ts. S
tud
y tr
ip t
o t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
in 1
919
1909
Han
s Ju
ell
Bo
rch
gre
vin
kG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y (co
nti
nu
ed )
259 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1909
Osc
ar F
red
rik
Gra
ffG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y
1909
–191
0M
ariu
s B
red
esen
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1909
–191
0O
le A
nd
reas
R
øn
nin
gG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y
1909
–191
1A
lf S
ever
in
Vak
sdal
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
Aft
er 1
909
Fin
n H
olm
sen
M
ün
ster
Euro
pe
Trav
elle
d t
o E
uro
pea
n c
ou
ntr
ies
to s
tud
y p
yrit
e p
rod
uct
ion
Aro
un
d 1
910
Bja
rne
Ho
fset
hEn
gla
nd
Puer
to R
ico
Stu
die
d a
t C
amb
orn
e Sc
ho
ol o
f M
ines
, En
gla
nd
. Stu
dy
trip
to
Pu
erto
Ric
oA
rou
nd
19
10–1
912
Haa
kon
Sty
riTh
e A
mer
ican
–Sc
and
inav
ian
So
ciet
y Sc
ho
lars
hip
Swed
enG
erm
any
Bel
giu
mFr
ance
Stu
die
d a
t A
ach
en P
oly
tech
nic
Un
iver
sity
. St
ud
y tr
ips
abro
ad, w
ent
to S
orb
on
ne
1910
Eyvi
nd
Flo
od
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
die
d a
t D
enve
r Te
chn
ical
Sch
oo
l19
10Jo
han
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han
sso
nSw
eden
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die
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t Fa
lun
Min
ing
Sch
oo
l19
10O
tto
An
dre
sen
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipN
orw
ay10
0 kr
. to
stu
dy
mag
net
ic s
epar
atio
n o
f ir
on
o
re a
t m
inin
g w
ork
s in
no
rth
ern
No
rway
1910
–191
1A
rne
Fred
rik
Blo
mSw
eden
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Falu
n M
inin
g S
cho
ol a
nd
Fre
iber
g
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y19
1019
14Fr
edri
k Se
bas
tian
N
ann
esta
dM
inin
g F
un
dN
orw
aySw
eden
Ger
man
yC
anad
a
Stu
die
d m
od
ern
tec
hn
iqu
es a
nd
ore
p
roce
ssin
g in
Eu
rop
e an
d n
icke
l ore
s in
C
anad
a
(co
nti
nu
ed )
260 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1910
1924
–192
5A
bra
ham
Elia
s K
valh
eim
Stat
e sc
ho
lars
hip
C. S
un
dt’
s sc
ho
lars
hip
Ger
man
yA
ust
ria
Bel
giu
m
Part
icip
ated
at
the
Un
iver
sal a
nd
In
tern
atio
nal
Exp
osi
tio
n in
Bru
ssel
s. W
ent
to
Ger
man
y an
d A
ust
ria
to s
tud
y m
inin
g. D
id
exp
erim
ents
wit
h n
ew m
eth
od
s an
d p
aten
ts
to u
tilis
e ty
pes
of
calib
re19
11–1
915
Emil
Kn
ud
sen
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
Aro
un
d 1
911
Juliu
s H
elve
rsch
ou
Stat
e te
chn
ical
sc
ho
lars
hip
Sco
tlan
dG
erm
any
No
rway
Stu
dy
trip
s to
Sco
ttis
h, G
erm
an, a
nd
N
orw
egia
n m
inin
g d
istr
icts
. Stu
die
d d
eep
d
rilli
ng
met
ho
ds
and
wat
er s
up
ply
du
rin
g
dri
llin
gA
rou
nd
191
1Lo
ren
tz L
orc
h
Hag
enR
ath
ke s
cho
lars
hip
No
rway
Swed
enEn
gla
nd
Stu
dy
trip
s ab
road
. 150
kr.
to s
tud
y m
etal
lurg
y, e
spec
ially
ele
ctro
-met
allu
rgy
at
No
rweg
ian
sm
elti
ng
pla
nts
Aro
un
d 1
911
1923
Car
l Wilh
elm
C
arst
ens
Pub
lic s
cho
lars
hip
Ger
man
yFr
ance
Stu
die
d a
t th
e U
niv
ersi
ty o
f Zu
rich
. Tra
velle
d
also
to
Par
isA
rou
nd
191
1R
olf
Hav
ig S
tøre
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1911
Alb
ert
An
dre
as
Ho
lter
Ko
ng
sber
g S
ilver
W
ork
s’ t
rave
l sc
ho
lars
hip
Swed
enSt
ud
y tr
ip t
o S
wed
en
1911
1923
Han
s In
gva
ld
Kri
sto
ffer
M
erck
oll
Min
ing
Fu
nd
Swed
enEn
gla
nd
Bel
giu
mG
erm
any
Stu
die
d ir
on
ore
an
d p
roce
ssin
g p
lan
ts in
Sw
eden
. Stu
die
d c
oal
min
es f
or
6 m
on
ths
in
Eng
lan
d, B
elg
ium
, an
d G
erm
any,
esp
ecia
lly
pre
ven
tio
n o
f co
al d
ust
exp
losi
on
s19
11–1
912
Kri
stia
n R
efsa
asG
erm
any
Stu
die
d e
lect
ro-c
hem
istr
y an
d m
etal
lurg
y at
th
e Te
chn
ical
Sch
oo
l in
Dar
mst
adt
Aft
er 1
911
Gu
stav
New
ton
K
irse
bo
m?
Wes
tern
Eu
rop
eB
usi
nes
s tr
avel
s
Aro
un
d 1
912
Har
ald
Ped
erse
nG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t A
ach
en P
oly
tech
nic
Un
iver
sity
(co
nti
nu
ed )
261 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
Aro
un
d 1
912
Bja
rne
Rei
dar
Sa
arh
eim
Swed
enB
elg
ium
Fran
ceEn
gla
nd
Stu
dy
trip
s
Aro
un
d 1
912
Sver
re B
leku
mG
erm
any
Swed
enSt
ud
ied
th
e m
oly
bd
enu
m in
du
stry
1912
Sig
urd
Ru
die
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1912
Joh
an
Falc
hen
ber
g
Stad
hei
m
Rat
hke
sch
ola
rsh
ipN
orw
ay?
Stu
dy
trip
s w
ith
in N
orw
ay a
nd
ab
road
. 100
kr
. To
stu
dy
min
ing
at
min
ing
wo
rks
in
no
rth
ern
No
rway
1912
Ped
er Y
tter
bø
eR
ath
ke s
cho
lars
hip
?10
0 kr
. To
stu
dy
elec
tric
iro
n s
mel
tin
g19
12–1
913
Ein
ar D
ahl
Swed
enSt
ud
ied
min
ing
an
d m
etal
lurg
y at
Fili
pst
ad
Min
ing
Sch
oo
l.19
12–1
916
1919
Nils
Ho
fman
Aal
lSw
eden
Fran
ceG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t th
e Te
chn
ical
Un
iver
sity
in Z
uri
ch
and
th
e Te
chn
ical
Un
iver
sity
in S
tock
ho
lm.
Stu
dy
trip
s to
Fra
nce
an
d G
erm
any
Aro
un
d 1
913
Geo
rg
Hau
sch
ildt
Stee
n
Scan
din
avia
Euro
pe
Ger
man
yA
ust
ria
Eng
lan
d
Man
y tr
ips
aro
un
d N
orw
ay a
nd
Eu
rop
ean
co
un
trie
s
Aro
un
d 1
913
Ott
o F
alke
nb
erg
Un
kno
wn
sc
ho
lars
hip
Scan
din
avia
Ger
man
ySp
ain
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Can
ada
Stu
die
d a
t C
lau
sth
al M
inin
g A
cad
emy
and
B
erlin
. Stu
dy
trip
s
(co
nti
nu
ed )
262 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
Aro
un
d 1
913
Per
Ad
am
Pett
erso
nSt
ate
tech
nic
al
sch
ola
rsh
ipG
erm
any
Eng
lan
dIt
aly
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
No
rth
-Afr
ica
Stu
dy
trip
1913
–191
6G
eorg
Tys
lan
dTh
e A
mer
ican
–Sc
and
inav
ian
Fo
un
dat
ion
’s
sch
ola
rsh
ip
Fran
ceTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSw
eden
Eng
lan
dG
erm
any
Stu
die
d e
lect
ro-e
ng
inee
rin
g a
nd
met
allu
rgy
at t
he
Un
iver
sity
of
Lièg
e. S
tud
y tr
ips
abro
ad. S
tud
ied
ele
ctri
c ir
on
sm
elti
ng
in
Pitt
sbu
rgh
, th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s
1913
1920
Joh
an A
smu
s Le
nsc
ho
wSc
ho
lars
hip
Swed
enG
erm
any
Stu
dy
trip
to
Sw
edis
h a
nd
Ger
man
min
es t
o
stu
dy
min
ing
en
gin
eeri
ng
an
d p
roce
ssin
g
pla
nts
Aft
er 1
913
Alb
ert
Car
inu
s Su
nd
eG
erm
any
Eng
lan
dA
mer
ica
Ch
ina
Stu
dy
trip
s
Aro
un
d 1
914
Wo
lmer
Mar
low
Bel
giu
mH
olla
nd
Ger
man
ySw
eden
Stu
dy
trip
s
1914
An
der
s K
rist
ian
O
lsen
Sib
eria
Mo
ng
olia
Part
icip
ated
in Ø
rjan
Ols
en’s
exp
edit
ion
to
Si
ber
ia a
nd
Mo
ng
olia
1914
Ad
am F
ran
s W
ilhel
m F
aye
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
the
Aac
hen
Po
lyte
chn
ic U
niv
ersi
ty
1914
1920
Fred
rik
Hu
rum
Ger
man
yTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSt
ud
ied
at
the
Aac
hen
Po
lyte
chn
ic U
niv
ersi
ty
and
MIT
Bo
sto
n
(co
nti
nu
ed )
263 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1915
1928
Gu
nn
ar
Aas
gaa
rdSw
eden
Ger
man
yPo
lan
dH
olla
nd
Stu
dy
trip
to
stu
dy
gen
eral
dev
elo
pm
ent
in
mac
hin
ery
and
co
nst
ruct
ion
s as
wel
l as
spec
ific
mac
hin
es. W
ent
to c
oal
, ore
min
es,
wo
rksh
op
s, a
s w
ell a
s n
ew a
nd
old
po
wer
st
atio
ns
in O
ber
-Sch
leis
en a
nd
th
e R
uh
r d
istr
ict
and
oth
er p
lace
s19
16–1
917
Ro
lf M
astr
and
erN
ors
k A
lum
iniu
m
Co
.Th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sW
ent
to M
on
tan
a to
stu
dy
oil
dep
osi
ts a
nd
La
tin
Am
eric
a an
d H
olla
nd
to
sea
rch
fo
r o
re
dep
osi
ts19
1619
25D
avid
Vaa
ge
The
Int.
Lab
ou
r O
ffice
Cze
cho
slo
vaki
aG
erm
any
Fran
ceB
elg
ium
Eng
lan
d
Stu
dy
trip
in 1
916
to M
ähri
sch
Ost
rau
to
st
ud
y el
ectr
ical
min
ing
pla
nts
. Du
rin
g
sum
mer
192
5, w
ent
to t
he
min
ing
dis
tric
ts
in H
arz
to s
tud
y m
iner
al p
roce
ssin
g. S
taye
d
for
a w
hile
at
the
coal
dis
tric
ts in
Fra
nce
, B
elg
ium
, Ger
man
y, a
nd
En
gla
nd
to
stu
dy
safe
ty t
ech
niq
ues
in c
oal
min
es f
or
the
Int.
La
bo
ur
Offi
ceA
rou
nd
191
6Th
oro
dd
W
ang
enst
een
M
esse
l
Ger
man
yEu
rop
eSt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy.
Tr
avel
led
aro
un
d E
uro
pe
Aro
un
d 1
916
Har
ald
Sev
erin
D
ider
ik
Cap
pel
en
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1916
Gu
nva
ld B
irg
er
Tho
rkild
sen
Stat
e sc
ho
lars
hip
Ger
man
yTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sC
anad
a
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y. S
tud
y tr
ip t
o t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
and
Can
ada
to
stu
dy
mo
der
n m
inin
g19
1619
20Le
if L
ych
eG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t th
e Te
chn
ical
Sch
oo
l Bre
slau
(co
nti
nu
ed )
264 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
Aro
un
d 1
917
Arn
e D
rog
seth
Swed
enG
erm
any
Swit
zerl
and
Ru
ssia
Stu
die
d “
tech
nic
al s
ub
ject
s”
Aro
un
d 1
917
Car
l Go
ttfr
ed
Lars
enEn
gla
nd
Stu
die
d a
t R
oya
l Sch
oo
l of
Min
es in
Lo
nd
on
1916
–191
7Sv
erre
Win
nem
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1917
Tru
ls W
iel G
raff
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
the
Aac
hen
Po
lyte
chn
ic U
niv
ersi
ty19
17–1
922
Erlin
g R
ob
sah
mG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t th
e Te
chn
ical
Sch
oo
l in
Dar
mst
adt,
th
e A
ach
en P
oly
tech
nic
Un
iver
sity
an
d
Bre
slau
1917
1924
Tryg
ve
Bro
dtk
orb
Swed
enEn
gla
nd
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
dy
trip
to
min
ing
wo
rks
1918
1922
Ap
po
llon
ius
Lije
dah
l R
ose
nlu
nd
On
beh
alf
of
Kri
stia
nsa
nd
N
icke
l Refi
ner
y
Can
ada
Swed
enV
isit
ed n
icke
l min
es in
On
tari
o in
Can
ada
and
si
te in
vest
igat
ion
s u
sed
Sw
edis
h s
tate
ra
ilway
sA
rou
nd
191
8Ei
nar
Trø
ften
Cen
tral
Eu
rop
eSw
eden
Eng
lan
d
Stu
dy
trip
s
1919
Ferd
inan
d P
eder
Eg
eber
gG
erm
any
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y. S
tud
y tr
ip t
o t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
to s
tud
y m
od
ern
te
chn
iqu
es, e
spec
ially
flo
tati
on
1919
Erla
nd
M. L
ewin
Eng
lan
dSt
ud
ied
at
Du
rham
Un
iver
sity
1919
Fin
n A
nd
erse
nEn
gla
nd
Stu
die
d a
t th
e C
amb
orn
e Sc
ho
ol o
f M
ines
in
Co
rnw
all
1919
Ott
o H
anse
nB
rita
inSt
ud
ied
in G
lasg
ow
1919
Erik
Ein
ar H
aag
Swed
enSt
ud
ied
at
Falu
n M
inin
g S
cho
ol
(co
nti
nu
ed )
265 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1920
Sig
urd
Wes
tber
gTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSt
ud
ied
at
the
Un
iver
sity
of
Pitt
sbu
rgh
1920
Hal
vard
Dal
eO
rkla
Fu
nd
Ger
man
yA
ust
ria
Met
allu
rgic
al s
tud
ies
1920
–192
1B
ryn
julf
D
ietr
ich
son
Ork
la F
un
dFr
ance
Bel
giu
mSp
ain
Stu
dy
trip
to
Fra
nce
an
d B
elg
ium
. Sta
yed
at
min
ing
wo
rks
in F
ran
ce a
nd
Sp
ain
1921
Wer
ner
Car
l Fe
rdin
and
Po
ensg
en
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
the
Aac
hen
Po
lyte
chn
ic U
niv
ersi
ty
1921
Kar
l Jo
han
H
anse
nSc
ho
lars
hip
Swed
enD
enm
ark
Stu
die
d t
ech
nic
al s
cho
ols
in S
wed
en
Aro
un
d 1
921
Gu
nn
ar
Sch
jeld
eru
pG
erm
any
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
die
d e
lect
ro-c
hem
istr
y an
d m
etal
lurg
y at
th
e Te
chn
ical
Sch
oo
l in
Dre
sden
. Stu
die
d
pra
ctic
al o
per
atio
ns
at s
teel
wo
rks
1921
–192
2En
ok
Will
man
nG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y19
21–1
922
Leif
Har
tman
n
Stø
ren
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1922
Tork
ell B
ern
tin
G
jers
tad
Stat
e te
chn
ical
sc
ho
lars
hip
Ger
man
y6-
mo
nth
sta
y at
Kru
pp
ind
ust
ries
in G
erm
any
1922
Joh
an A
skel
and
(u
nkn
ow
n)
Ork
la F
un
dG
erm
any
Stu
dy
trip
to
Ger
man
y to
stu
dy
mo
der
n
min
ing
an
d o
re d
ress
ing
Aro
un
d 1
923
Arv
id T
hu
næ
sLa
tin
Am
eric
aEu
rop
eC
anad
a
Trav
elle
d a
rou
nd
1923
Alf
Ihle
nTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSt
ud
ied
at
MIT
in B
ost
on
1923
Joh
an E
ng
elh
art
Bra
asta
dG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t th
e A
ach
en P
oly
tech
nic
Un
iver
sity
(co
nti
nu
ed )
266 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1923
Ro
lf F
alck
-Mu
us
Eng
lan
dFr
ance
Ger
man
yD
enm
ark
Stu
dy
trip
s
1923
Bir
ger
Eg
eber
gSt
ate
sch
ola
rsh
ipEn
gla
nd
Fran
ceG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t th
e A
ach
en P
oly
tech
nic
Un
iver
sity
. St
ud
y tr
ip t
o E
ng
lish
iro
n a
nd
ste
el p
lan
ts
and
vis
ited
Fra
nce
, Ger
man
y, a
nd
En
gla
nd
to
stu
dy
silv
er in
du
stry
Aft
er 1
923
1937
–194
0M
agn
e M
ort
ense
nO
rkla
Fu
nd
No
rweg
ian
Te
chn
ical
Inst
itu
te
sch
ola
rsh
ip
No
rway
Seve
ral s
tud
y tr
ips.
Vis
ited
No
rweg
ian
min
es
to s
tud
y o
re g
eolo
gy
and
ele
ctri
cal
con
dit
ion
s an
d o
re d
ress
ing
. Stu
die
d a
lso
fl
ota
tio
n p
roce
sses
Aro
un
d 1
924
Hen
nin
g
Mas
tran
der
Ork
la F
un
dN
orw
ay–A
mer
ica
Fun
d
Eng
lan
dH
olla
nd
Bel
giu
mG
erm
any
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
die
d m
inin
g a
nd
en
trep
ren
eurs
hip
. St
ud
ied
at
the
Un
iver
sity
of
Co
lum
bia
. Pa
rtic
ipat
ed a
t co
ng
ress
es a
nd
vis
ited
m
od
ern
Am
eric
an ir
on
an
d c
oal
min
es a
nd
st
ud
ied
th
e ap
plic
atio
n o
f n
ew m
inin
g
mac
hin
es, l
oad
ing
fac
iliti
es, a
nd
ele
ctri
c m
ach
iner
y19
24A
rne
Okk
enh
aug
Ork
la F
un
dSw
eden
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
min
ing
1924
Bja
rne
Ask
elan
dO
rkla
Fu
nd
Swed
enSt
ud
y tr
ip19
24H
. Ch
r. Je
ssen
Ork
la F
un
dTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSt
ud
ied
Am
eric
an o
re-d
ress
ing
an
d m
inin
g
tech
niq
ues
1924
an
d19
27–1
928
Gu
nn
ar H
orn
No
rweg
ian
Mili
tary
G
oo
ds
Insu
ran
ce
Fun
d
Ger
man
yPo
lan
dSt
ud
y tr
ips
and
sta
y at
Tec
hn
issc
he
Ho
chsc
hu
le o
g P
reu
ssis
che
Geo
log
issc
he
Lan
des
anst
alt,
Ber
lin
(co
nti
nu
ed )
267 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1924
an
d
1931
Stei
nu
lf
Smit
h-M
eyer
Stat
e te
chn
ical
sc
ho
lars
hip
Ork
la F
un
d
Ger
man
yC
anad
aTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s
Stu
dy
trip
to
Ger
man
co
al m
inin
g d
istr
ict.
St
ud
y tr
ip t
o m
inin
g w
ork
s in
Can
ada
and
th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s to
stu
dy
flo
tati
on
te
chn
iqu
es19
25–1
927
Bjø
rn F
ou
gn
erG
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t th
e Te
chn
ical
Sch
oo
l in
Bre
slau
1925
–192
6,
1932
–193
3,
and
193
5
Ein
ar S
verd
rup
Ger
man
yEn
gla
nd
Fran
ce
Seve
ral s
tud
y tr
ips
1926
Ein
ar S
laat
toO
rkla
Fu
nd
Eng
lan
dTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sG
erm
any
Ho
llan
d
Stu
dy
trip
s in
Eu
rop
e an
d s
tud
ied
min
ing
an
d
coal
pro
cess
ing
in t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
1926
–194
8A
age
Ch
rist
ense
nG
erm
any
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y. S
tud
y tr
ip t
o a
var
iety
of
min
es19
27–1
930
Joak
im L
ind
ho
lmO
rkla
Fu
nd
Ger
man
yB
elg
ium
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
dy
trip
ab
road
to
stu
dy
coal
min
ing
, ore
d
ress
ing
an
d a
dm
inis
trat
ion
1928
–192
9Jo
han
Kra
ft
Joh
anss
enO
rkla
Fu
nd
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
dy
trip
ab
road
to
stu
dy
min
ing
an
d o
re
dre
ssin
gA
rou
nd
193
0H
enri
k St
effe
ns
Hag
eru
p
Jen
ssen
Swed
enEn
gla
nd
Ger
man
yTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s
Seve
ral s
tud
y tr
ips
1931
Haa
kon
B
rækk
enM
inin
g F
un
dTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSt
ud
ied
th
e d
evel
op
men
t o
f g
eop
hys
ical
m
eth
od
s o
f su
rvey
ing
(co
nti
nu
ed )
268 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1931
Ro
ber
t M
ajo
r B
run
Ork
la F
un
dSw
eden
Fin
lan
dTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s
Stu
die
d m
inin
g a
nd
ore
dre
ssin
g
1931
–193
2W
illia
m S
trau
be
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Frei
ber
g M
inin
g A
cad
emy
1932
1934
Per
Mu
nth
e-K
aas
San
dvi
kEn
gla
nd
Swed
enG
erm
any
Stu
dy
trip
s
1933
Joh
an F
red
rik
Gø
rris
sen
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Aac
hen
Po
lyte
chn
ic U
niv
ersi
ty
1933
–193
4Pe
r Sa
nd
ved
Ork
la F
un
dG
erm
any
Swed
enC
zech
osl
ova
kia
Vis
ited
min
es, s
mel
tin
g p
lan
ts, a
nd
la
bo
rato
ries
1933
–193
4A
rne
Car
lsso
nO
rkla
Fu
nd
Swed
enG
erm
any
Au
stri
aC
zech
osl
ova
kia
Ital
y
Stu
die
d f
or
a w
hile
in S
wed
en a
nd
Ger
man
y
1933
–193
419
37H
aral
d N
ord
rum
R
oss
Ork
la F
un
dEn
gla
nd
Ho
llan
dG
erm
any
Stu
die
d m
od
ern
co
al m
inin
g in
Ger
man
y an
d
Eng
lan
d
1934
Han
s H
elg
e Sc
ho
uTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSt
ud
ied
at
Mic
hig
an C
olle
ge
of
Min
ing
an
d
Tech
no
log
y19
34Ja
rle
Ku
vås
Swed
enSt
ud
ied
at
Go
teb
org
Tec
hn
ical
Sch
oo
l19
34–1
935
L. B
red
er (
no
t m
inin
g
eng
inee
r)
No
rweg
ian
Te
chn
ical
Inst
itu
te
sch
ola
rsh
ip
No
rway
Trav
elle
d a
rou
nd
No
rway
to
stu
dy
min
ing
p
lan
ts
(co
nti
nu
ed )
269 Appendices
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1934
–193
8C
hri
stia
n H
iort
h
Aal
lFr
ance
Stu
die
d in
Gre
no
ble
an
d t
rave
lled
aro
un
d in
Fr
ance
1934
1936
–193
9H
ilmar
Kra
gh
W
hen
C. S
un
dt’
s Sc
ho
lars
hip
Ger
man
yA
ust
ria
Hu
ng
ary
Cze
cho
slo
vaki
aPo
lan
dH
olla
nd
Bel
giu
mFr
ance
Stu
die
d a
t Fr
eib
erg
Min
ing
Aca
dem
y. S
tud
y tr
ips
abro
ad
1935
Her
ber
t O
lav
Bro
nd
erH
s fu
nd
Swed
enD
enm
ark
Ger
man
yEn
gla
nd
Stu
dy
trip
s
1935
Jan
Her
man
R
eim
ers
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
the
Tech
nic
al U
niv
ersi
ty in
K
arls
ruh
e19
35–1
936
Arn
e H
ofs
eth
Ork
la F
un
dTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSt
ud
ied
geo
ph
ysic
s at
th
e C
olo
rad
o S
cho
ol o
f M
ines
. Stu
die
d g
eop
hys
ical
ore
su
rvey
ab
road
.A
rou
nd
193
6A
rne
Bo
ye H
olt
Fran
ceTh
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sSt
ud
ied
ph
ysic
al m
etal
lurg
y at
Sch
oo
l of
Min
es in
Mo
ns,
org
anic
ch
emis
try
at
Un
iver
sity
of
Co
lum
bia
, an
d o
rgan
ic a
nd
p
hys
ical
org
anic
ch
emis
try
at P
oly
tech
nic
In
stit
ute
of
Bro
okl
yn19
36R
agn
ar
Ch
rist
off
erse
nO
rkla
Fu
nd
Swed
enG
erm
any
Stu
die
d m
inin
g
1936
Tho
rste
in K
avli
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Aac
hen
Po
lyte
chn
ic U
niv
ersi
ty
(co
nti
nu
ed )
270 Appendices
a Th
ese
trip
s d
o n
ot
incl
ud
e g
eolo
gic
al e
xcu
rsio
ns
in N
orw
ay, w
hic
h w
ere
con
tin
uo
usl
y im
ple
men
ted
by
pro
fess
ors
an
d
stu
den
ts a
t th
e U
niv
ersi
ty a
nd
th
e N
ITbIn
so
me
case
s (a
rou
nd
five
) in
form
atio
n a
bo
ut
the
eng
inee
r an
d t
he
fun
din
g is
kn
ow
n, b
ut
it is
un
kno
wn
wh
eth
er t
he
eng
inee
r ac
tual
ly c
arri
ed o
ut
the
trip
or
no
tSo
urc
es: N
org
es o
ffisi
elle
sta
tist
ikk,
No
rges
Ber
gvæ
rksd
rift
(K
rist
ian
ia/O
slo
, 186
6–19
40);
Als
tad
, O. (
red
.)
Tro
nd
hje
mst
ekn
iker
nes
Mat
rike
l Bio
log
iske
med
del
else
r o
m s
amtl
ige
fast
e o
g h
osp
iter
end
e el
ever
av
Tro
nd
hje
ms
Tekn
iske
Læ
rean
stal
t 18
70–1
915
(Tro
nd
hje
m, 1
916)
; Art
ium
mat
rikl
er s
tud
ente
ne
[stu
den
t ye
arb
oo
ks]
(Kri
stia
nia
/Osl
o,
1855
–194
0); C
hri
stia
nse
n, H
. O. e
t al
. 25-
års
jub
ileu
msb
eret
nin
g 1
912–
1937
Ber
gen
Tek
nis
ke S
kole
Osl
o T
ekn
iske
Sko
le
Tro
nd
hei
m T
ekn
iske
Sko
le (
No
rway
, 193
7); F
ests
krif
t i a
nle
dn
ing
af
Kri
stia
nia
Tek
nis
ke S
kole
s 25
aar
s ju
bilæ
um
(K
rist
ian
ia, 1
898)
; Bag
get
hu
n, R
. Ho
rten
Ing
eniø
rhø
gsk
ole
Ho
rten
tek
nis
ke s
kole
En
ber
etn
ing
om
lan
det
s el
dst
e te
knis
ke s
kole
gje
nn
om
125
år
(Ho
rten
, 198
0); H
eier
, S. (
red
.), 1
00 å
rs b
iog
rafi
sk J
ub
ileu
ms-
fest
skri
ft, H
ort
en T
ekn
iske
Sk
ole
185
5–19
55 (
Ho
rten
, 195
5); K
TS, 5
0 år
sber
etn
ing
om
ing
eniø
rku
llet
fra
Kri
stia
nia
Tek
nis
ke S
kole
189
6 (O
slo
, 194
6);
Yea
rN
ame
Fun
din
gC
ou
ntr
ies
visi
ted
Act
ivit
yb
1937
Ein
ar F
alku
m
(ch
emic
al
eng
inee
r)
No
rweg
ian
Te
chn
ical
Inst
itu
te
sch
ola
rsh
ip
Sval
bar
dSt
ud
ied
uti
lisat
ion
of
coal
in S
valb
ard
1937
Ein
ar O
lav
Even
sen
?G
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t A
ach
en P
oly
tech
nic
Un
iver
sity
1937
Erlin
g R
ytte
rag
er?
Ger
man
ySt
ud
ied
at
Aac
hen
Po
lyte
chn
ic U
niv
ersi
ty19
38B
jarn
e H
olm
sen
?Th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
sC
anad
a3
mo
nth
s st
ud
y tr
ip t
o m
ines
1938
–193
9W
orm
Lu
nd
Ork
la F
un
d?
Stu
die
d ir
on
pro
cess
ing
1938
–193
9Th
or
Mat
hes
on
A
md
alO
rkla
Fu
nd
Swed
enSt
ud
ied
mec
han
ical
load
ing
in m
od
ern
m
inin
g19
40O
lav
Ber
ger
sen
?G
erm
any
Stu
die
d a
t A
ach
en P
oly
tech
nic
Un
iver
sity
1940
Ch
rist
ian
Fre
dri
k So
ntu
m?
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Stu
die
d a
t th
e U
niv
ersi
ty o
f C
alif
orn
ia
271 Appendices
Kri
stia
nia
tek
nis
ke s
kole
, In
gen
iøre
ne
fra
KTS
189
7–19
47 (
Osl
o, 1
947)
; In
gen
iøre
r fr
a K
r.a T
ekn
iske
Sko
le 1
897
(Kri
stia
nia
, 192
2); K
.T.S
. in
gen
iøre
ne
av 1
909:
mat
rikk
el u
tarb
eid
et t
il 25
-års
jub
ileet
193
4: O
slo
, 193
4; O
slo
Tek
nis
ke
Sko
le (
Osl
o, 1
894)
; KTS
til
Ing
eniø
rku
llet
av 1
910:
20
årsj
ub
ileu
m å
r 19
10–1
930
(Osl
o, 1
930)
; Tro
nd
hje
ms
Tekn
iske
M
ello
msk
ole
s vi
rkso
mh
et i
de
3 fø
rste
læse
aar
1912
–191
5 (T
ron
dh
jem
, 191
6); S
krif
t ve
d 5
0 år
s ju
bile
et f
or
ing
eniø
ren
e fr
a K
.T.S
. 189
4 (O
slo
, 194
4); L
. Esk
edal
, BTS
- mat
rikk
elen
Ing
eniø
rer
ute
ksam
iner
t ve
d B
erg
en T
ekn
iske
Sko
le 1
875–
1975
(B
erg
en 1
975)
; TTL
, 189
7–19
22 (
Kri
stia
nia
, 192
2); T
ron
dh
jem
tek
nis
ke læ
rean
stal
t, F
ests
krif
t ve
d A
fslu
tnin
gen
av
Tro
nd
hje
ms
Tekn
iske
Læ
rean
stal
ts 2
5de
Læse
aar
(Tro
nh
jem
, 189
5); B
. Bas
søe,
Ing
eniø
rmat
rikk
elen
No
rske
Si
vilin
gen
iøre
r 19
01-5
5 m
ed t
illeg
g (
Osl
o, 1
961)
; Glø
erse
n, J
. (19
32):
Bio
gra
fisk
e O
ply
snin
ger
om
Kan
did
ater
med
ek
sam
en f
ra B
erg
sem
inar
et p
å K
on
gsb
erg
. Osl
o: D
en n
ors
ke in
gen
iørf
ore
nin
g; G
. Bro
chm
ann
(re
d.)
Vi f
ra N
TH d
e fø
rste
10
ku
ll: 1
910–
1919
(St
avan
ger
, 193
4); O
. Am
un
dse
n, V
i fra
NTH
de
nes
te 1
0 ku
ll: 1
920–
1929
(O
slo
, 195
0); B
. I. B
erg
, G
ruve
tekn
ikk
ved
Ko
ng
sber
g S
ølv
verk
162
3–19
14 (
Tro
nd
hje
m, 1
998)
; V. B
jerk
nes
, C.A
. Bje
rkn
es H
ans
liv o
g a
rbei
de
(Osl
o, 1
925)
; G. A
. Blo
m, F
ra b
erg
sem
inar
til
tekn
isk
hø
ysko
le (
Osl
o, 1
958)
; A. K
. Bø
rres
en a
nd
A. W
ale,
Kar
tleg
ger
ne
(Tro
nd
hje
m, 2
008)
; Det
Ko
ng
elig
e N
ors
ke F
red
erik
s U
niv
ersi
tets
Aar
sber
etn
ing
(K
rist
ian
ia, 1
840–
1911
); R
. Fal
ck- M
uu
s,
Ber
gm
ann
sutd
ann
else
n i
gam
le d
ager
, no
rske
ber
gm
enn
til
Sver
ige
som
led
d i
utd
ann
else
n (
Osl
o, 1
949)
; G. B
. Nis
sen
, R
øro
s K
ob
ber
verk
164
4–19
74 (
Tro
nd
hje
m, 1
976)
; F. S
æla
nd
, Ber
gin
gen
iør
Emil
Kn
ud
sen
s er
ind
rin
ger
Inn
tryk
k fr
a et
b
erg
man
nsl
iv 1
856–
1897
(K
on
gsb
erg
, 200
5); B
erg
ing
eniø
rfo
ren
ing
, Tid
sskr
ift
for
ber
gvæ
sen
/Tid
sskr
ift
for
kem
i og
b
erg
væse
n [
Min
ing
Jo
urn
al]
(Osl
o/K
rist
ian
ia, 1
913–
1940
); N
org
es T
ekn
iske
Hø
isko
le, B
eret
nin
g o
m v
irks
om
het
en…
(T
ron
dh
jem
, 192
0–19
40);
Den
tek
nis
ke h
øis
kole
i Tr
on
dh
jem
Pro
gra
m f
or
stu
die
året
... (
Tro
nd
hje
m, 1
911–
1940
); T
ekn
isk
Uke
bla
d [
Tech
nic
al M
agaz
ine]
(O
slo
, Kri
stia
nia
, 189
8); U
niv
ersi
tets
- o
g s
kole
ann
aler
[U
niv
ersi
ty a
nd
sch
oo
l an
nal
s]
(Kri
stia
nia
, 183
4–19
16)
272 Appendices
Ap
pen
dix
6
Purc
has
ed e
qu
ipm
ent
and
tec
hn
ical
ser
vice
s b
y th
e B
ede
Met
al &
Ch
emic
al C
om
pan
y (K
illin
gd
al M
ines
), s
elec
ted
yea
rsa
Yea
rTe
chn
olo
gy
Co
un
try
of
ori
gin
Sup
plie
r
1895
–189
6“w
ind
ow
pan
es”,
“le
ath
er”,
“m
iner
s ca
nd
les”
No
rway
A. H
aug
an“2
0 m
tap
e”N
orw
ayA
. Mo
tzfe
ldt
“lab
ora
tory
clo
thes
”, “
dis
hes
fo
r la
bo
rato
ry”
No
rway
C. R
ön
nin
g“b
ar ir
on
”, “
stee
l ham
mer
s”, “
too
ls”
No
rway
Ch
r. Th
aulo
w &
Sö
ns
“sto
res
and
mac
hin
ery”
No
rway
Emil
Grö
nn
ing
“co
nst
ruct
ion
”N
orw
ayEr
ik S
chjö
lber
g“v
ario
us
too
ls”,
“la
mp
s an
d p
ost
bag
”N
orw
ayG
. A. H
artm
ann
“bro
om
s”N
orw
ayH
. O. G
rön
li“h
amm
er s
haf
ts”
No
rway
J. R
ön
nin
gen
“ham
mer
sh
afts
”N
orw
ayLa
rs J
osv
old
“lam
p g
lass
es”
No
rway
Lars
Ska
nck
e“h
ing
es a
nd
scr
ews”
No
rway
M. E
ng
zeliu
s &
Sö
n“n
ew s
tore
bu
ildin
gs”
No
rway
Ole
Lu
nd
emo
“mat
eria
ls”
No
rway
P. I.
Ram
la“t
elep
ho
ne
po
les”
No
rway
P. K
roka
n“l
amp
gla
sses
”N
orw
ayP.
O. R
öst
en“m
ater
ials
”N
orw
ayR
eita
n“g
lass
”, “
sto
res”
No
rway
Aal
ens
Övr
e Fo
rbru
gsf
ore
nin
g“s
team
wh
istl
e (m
ach
iner
y)”
??
(co
nti
nu
ed )
273 Appendices
Yea
rTe
chn
olo
gy
Co
un
try
of
ori
gin
Sup
plie
r
1900
–190
1“o
ils s
kin
s”N
orw
ayA
. Kro
glu
nd
“min
e la
mp
”N
orw
ayA
. Mo
tzfe
ldt
“9 b
oxe
s ch
alk”
No
rway
A. R
eita
n“p
ipin
g (
stea
m)
mac
hin
ery”
, “cr
ow
bar
s”, “
ham
mer
s”N
orw
ayC
hr.
Thau
low
& S
ön
s“f
use
”N
orw
ayEn
gze
lius
& S
on
“lam
ps”
, “50
bro
om
s”N
orw
ayEm
il G
rön
nin
g“1
40 h
amm
er s
haf
ts (
larg
e) 9
0 sm
all”
No
rway
Erik
Grö
nli
“lam
p w
ick”
No
rway
G. A
. Har
tman
n“s
pik
es k
vs. 5
0”, “
kvs.
100
Ral
l sp
ikes
”, “
rail
spik
es”
No
rway
Gu
stav
Asp
elin
no
t sp
ecifi
edN
orw
ayH
. & F
. Bac
hke
“lam
p g
lass
”N
orw
ayJ.
J. S
iem
“12
lad
der
s”?
Joh
n S
. Öie
n“h
amm
er s
haf
ts”
No
rway
Lars
Fo
svo
ld“K
vs 3
00 d
ynam
ite”
, “fu
se”
No
rway
M. E
ng
zeliu
s &
Sö
n“5
00 r
ing
s fu
se”
?N
ora
Fu
se M
anu
fact
ory
“36
min
e la
mp
s”, “
30 m
iner
’s la
mp
s”N
orw
ayO
. A. M
oxn
ess
“ham
mer
sh
afts
” la
rge
and
sm
all
No
rway
Ole
J. G
rön
li“s
tove
s: r
enew
als”
No
rway
P. O
. Jen
ssen
“lad
der
s”, “
lad
der
s-14
2 ru
ng
s”N
orw
ayPe
der
Kir
khu
s“I
nd
ia r
ub
ber
pac
kin
g”
No
rway
W. F
isch
er &
Sö
n“1
2 em
pty
bar
rels
”N
orw
ayÖ
ien
& W
ahl
“ste
am ir
on
s (?
) m
ach
iner
y”, “
nai
ls”,
“la
mp
s”, “
iro
n la
mp
s”,
“ham
mer
s”, “
dyn
amit
e”, “
fuse
s”, “
det
on
ato
rs”,
“st
eel
rop
e”, “
too
ls”,
“sh
ove
ls”,
“ir
on
pai
ls”,
“h
amm
er s
haf
ts”,
“n
itro
gly
ceri
ne”
, “kr
afse
rs”,
“tr
ug
s”
??
(co
nti
nu
ed )
274 Appendices
Yea
rTe
chn
olo
gy
Co
un
try
of
ori
gin
Sup
plie
r
1909
“pla
ned
an
d g
roo
ved
bo
ard
s”N
orw
ayA
. E. G
ildse
th“p
acki
ng
, dyn
amo
, tu
bin
g”,
“d
rivi
ng
bel
ts, b
end
s”, “
pu
lley”
, “s
crew
s, le
ad t
ub
ing
”, “
bra
ss lo
ck”
No
rway
Alb
ert
E. O
lsen
“sp
ades
”, “
spad
es a
nd
ham
mer
han
dle
s”N
orw
ayA
xel N
iels
en“e
lect
ric
pla
nt”
No
rway
An
nu
al g
ove
rnm
ent
insp
ecti
on
“raw
hid
e p
inio
n (
wh
eel)
an
d c
op
per
wir
e”, “
cab
le”,
“sa
fety
fu
ses”
, “b
ron
ze”,
“re
pai
r o
f m
oto
r”, “
rep
air
of
2 te
lep
ho
nes
”, “
tele
ph
on
e ef
fect
s”, “
tele
ph
on
e re
serv
e p
iece
s”
Swit
zerl
and
(N
orw
egia
n
sub
sid
iary
)
Bro
wn
Bo
veri
“wir
e ro
pe”
, “20
0 sc
rew
s”, “
asp
hal
t ro
of
pap
er”,
“b
olt
s”,
“asp
hal
t p
aper
”, “
roo
f p
aper
”, “
nai
ls”,
“ri
vets
”, “
iro
n”,
“i
ron
pla
tes”
, “st
eel”
, “ri
vets
”
No
rway
Ch
r. Th
aulo
r &
Sö
n
“2 s
ets
wag
on
wh
eels
”, “
rop
eway
pu
lleys
”, “
saw
bla
des
”, “
3 o
il ca
ns”
, “fi
les”
, “ca
rbo
run
du
m”
No
rway
C. S
. Ch
rist
ense
n
“ore
tra
ys”,
“co
tto
n w
aste
”, “
nai
ls, a
sph
alt
roo
f p
aper
”,
wir
e”, “
spad
es”
No
rway
E. A
. Sm
ith
“var
nis
h”
No
rway
E. D
. Mo
gst
ad“1
00 m
. ele
ctri
c w
ire
and
sm
all i
sola
tors
”N
orw
ayE.
Fje
ldse
th“3
bar
. Cem
ent,
2 b
ar. t
agp
ix”,
“o
chre
”, “
roo
f ta
r”, “
wei
gh
ing
m
ach
ine”
, “w
ire
rop
e”N
orw
ayEm
il G
rön
nin
g
“ro
pel
ine
ren
ewal
s”, “
stap
les”
, “sc
rew
s”, “
6 p
um
p v
alve
s”,
“was
her
s fo
r ro
pel
ine
tub
s”,“
mac
hin
ery
pu
mp
- n
ew b
od
y”N
orw
ayG
. Har
tman
n
“rep
air
of
ho
use
”N
orw
ayH
. Ku
nig
“pai
nti
ng
ho
use
”N
orw
ayIn
geb
rig
t H
anse
n“6
file
s”, “
50 fl
ang
es”
No
rway
Gu
staf
Asp
elin
“rep
airs
”N
orw
ayJa
cob
Dig
re
(co
nti
nu
ed )
275 Appendices
(co
nti
nu
ed )
Yea
rTe
chn
olo
gy
Co
un
try
of
ori
gin
Sup
plie
r
“fu
rnit
ure
”N
orw
ayJa
cob
Mat
teso
n“h
on
ora
riu
m-e
lect
ric
eng
inee
r”N
orw
ayJo
hn
An
der
sen
“2 f
ork
s an
d 2
rak
es”
No
rway
Joh
n R
ota
n“d
ou
ble
sle
igh
”N
orw
ayJo
hn
Un
sgaa
rd“c
hai
ns”
, “va
rnis
h, o
chre
, ro
pe”
, “st
ore
”N
orw
ayJo
hn
Öie
n“G
uld
al M
ine
- 2n
d in
stal
men
t”N
orw
ayJo
hn
Öst
eng
“rep
air
of
wat
er, p
ipin
g”
No
rway
K. L
un
d“2
4 d
ry b
atte
ries
”N
orw
ayM
ölle
r an
d G
rön
nin
g“m
inin
g le
vel -
rep
air”
No
rway
M. S
ven
sen
“rep
air
of
ho
use
”N
orw
ayN
. Ch
rist
ense
n“b
elti
ng
”N
orw
ayN
ors
ke R
emfa
bri
k“s
urv
eyo
r”N
orw
ayO
. E. A
alen
“sto
re a
nd
pri
nti
ng
an
d s
tati
on
ery”
, “st
ore
, ho
use
ho
ld
go
od
s”, “
sto
re, s
tati
on
ery,
fu
rnit
ure
”, “
sto
re, k
itch
en”
No
rway
Ola
Hag
e
“in
spec
tio
n o
f el
ectr
ic p
lan
t (g
ove
rnm
ent)
”N
orw
ayO
laf
San
dvo
ld“t
arp
aulin
s”N
orw
ayO
ure
& S
ten
e“c
utt
ing
an
d c
rush
ing
mac
hin
e”N
orw
ayS.
H. L
un
dh
H.
un
kno
wn
No
rway
Sig
urd
Sta
ve“o
il cl
ean
er a
nd
filt
er”
?St
orm
Mar
ten
s“g
rate
s (o
vn)”
, “o
vn d
oo
r”N
orw
ayTr
on
dh
jem
s V
ærk
sted
s U
dsa
lg“m
ach
iner
y-sp
ur
wh
eel f
or
pu
mp
s”N
orw
ayV.
Lo
wen
er“2
00 is
ola
tors
”, “
100
m. v
ulc
anis
ed w
ire”
No
rway
Win
ger
Ele
kt. V
ærk
sted
“sp
ur
wh
eels
”N
orw
ayÖ
ren
s M
ek. V
ærk
sted
“vac
uu
m o
il: 2
bar
, dyn
amo
oil”
??
276 Appendices
Yea
rTe
chn
olo
gy
Co
un
try
of
ori
gin
Sup
plie
r
1914
“co
nst
ruct
ion
”, “
rop
eway
s”N
orw
ayA
. E. G
ildse
th“t
oo
ls, p
acki
ng
, file
s”, “
3 p
ulle
ys”
No
rway
A. E
. Ols
en“w
riti
ng
pap
er”
No
rway
A. H
olb
æk
Erik
sen
& C
o“p
lan
ned
an
d g
roo
ved
bo
ard
s”N
orw
ayA
. J. N
ilsso
n“c
op
yin
g p
aper
”N
orw
ayA
. H. E
riks
en &
Co
“go
vern
men
t in
spec
tio
n o
f el
ectr
ic p
lan
t”N
orw
ayA
. San
dah
l“s
old
erin
g la
mp
”N
orw
ayA
lber
t E.
Ols
en“f
use
”N
orw
ayA
nd
erse
n &
Ød
egaa
rd“p
ulle
y an
d t
oo
ls”
“bra
ss n
etti
ng
”, “
rack
sau
s”, “
spri
ng
s”,
“In
dia
ru
bb
er t
ub
ing
”, “
blo
ck p
ulle
ys”
No
rway
A/S
Hyn
nes
M
aski
nfo
rret
nin
g“t
rug
s an
d k
rafs
ere”
No
rway
A/S
Art
hu
r M
otz
feld
t“e
lect
ric
mat
eria
ls”,
“g
low
lam
p a
nd
sh
ades
”G
erm
any
(No
rweg
ian
su
bsi
dia
ry)
A/S
Sie
men
s-Sc
hu
cker
t
“bel
tin
g”
No
rway
A/S
Den
No
rske
Rem
fab
rik
“ele
ctri
c m
ater
ial”
, “m
oto
r re
pai
r”Sw
itze
rlan
d
(No
rweg
ian
su
bsi
dia
ry)
Bro
wn
Bo
veri
“kra
fser
e”N
orw
ayC
hr.
Myn
the
“gla
ss”,
“sc
rew
s”, “
was
her
”, “
iro
n”,
“n
ails
”, “
rail
spik
es”
No
rway
Ch
r. Th
aulo
r &
Sö
n“b
and
s fo
r ty
pew
rite
r”N
orw
ayC
hr.
Joh
nse
n“p
ulle
ys”
No
rway
C. S
. Ch
rist
ense
n“b
elti
ng
”N
orw
ayD
en N
ors
ke R
emfa
bri
k“a
sph
alt
pap
er”,
“p
icka
xes”
, “sh
afts
” “p
ain
t”, “
shee
t ir
on
”,
“rai
l sp
ikes
”, “
spad
es”,
“n
ails
”, “
iro
n s
hee
ts”
No
rway
Emil
Grö
nn
ing
“1 s
tolli
ng
”N
orw
ayE.
Kro
ken
“(co
nst
ruct
ion
) m
ach
iner
y”N
orw
ayEd
war
d K
vam
“fu
se &
nai
ls”
No
rway
E. A
. Sm
ith
“tel
eph
on
e”N
orw
ayEl
ektr
isk
Bu
reau
“2 p
lum
bo
bs”
No
rway
Gu
nd
erse
n &
Lø
ken (co
nti
nu
ed )
277 Appendices
(co
nti
nu
ed )
Yea
rTe
chn
olo
gy
Co
un
try
of
ori
gin
Sup
plie
r
“pu
mp
val
ves”
, “d
ices
”N
orw
ayG
. Har
tman
n“r
op
eway
ere
ctio
n”
No
rway
Gu
stav
Th
ork
ildse
n“c
hem
ical
man
ual
s”N
orw
ayG
un
nar
Bir
kela
nd
“ere
ctin
g r
op
eway
”N
orw
ayIn
g. T
ho
rkild
sen
“bu
ildin
g o
ver
rop
eway
-dre
ssin
g p
lan
t”, “
con
stru
ctio
n-t
ub
ing
o
ver
surf
ace”
, “ro
pew
ay”,
“cu
ttin
g”
No
rway
Jen
s J.
Grö
nli
“rep
air
of
saw
bla
des
”N
orw
ayJa
cob
Dig
re“t
ub
ing
”N
orw
ayK
. Lu
nd
“ere
ctio
n o
f o
il re
gu
lato
r”N
orw
ayK
værn
er B
rug
“ele
ctri
c la
mp
s”N
orw
ayM
ölle
r &
Grö
nn
ing
“2 n
ipp
er a
nd
1 t
ap”
No
rway
M. E
ng
reliu
s &
Sö
n“r
epai
r o
f w
ago
ns”
No
rway
M. H
jeld
e“p
ain
t”, “
scre
ws”
, “w
hit
e le
ad a
nd
ch
alk”
, “em
ery
pap
er”
No
rway
M. E
ng
zeliu
s &
Sö
n“2
sto
ols
an
d b
aske
t”N
orw
ayN
ors
k H
usfl
ids
Ven
ner
“sto
ve p
ipes
”N
orw
ayO
. A. M
oxn
ess
“man
illa
rop
e”N
orw
ayP.
O. J
ense
n“p
ho
tog
rap
h m
ater
ial”
No
rway
S. E
ng
an“w
ire
net
tin
g”,
“ro
pe
ho
oks
”N
orw
aySi
gu
rd S
tave
“ho
rses
ho
es”
No
rway
Rag
nva
ld L
illev
old
“sp
ur
wh
eels
an
d o
ven
s” “
rep
air
(un
kno
wn
)” “
1 p
ulle
y an
d
swin
gs”
No
rway
Tro
nd
hje
ms
Mek
. Væ
rkst
ed
“2 f
orm
”N
orw
ayTr
on
dh
jem
s La
nd
sfæ
ng
sel
Uts
alg
“su
nd
ry g
oo
ds”
No
rway
Rag
nvo
ld L
illev
old
“offi
ce g
oo
ds”
No
rway
Wal
dem
ar J
anss
en“2
sp
ur
wh
eels
”N
orw
ayØ
ren
s V
ærk
sted
“ch
ina
ink”
, “d
raw
ing
pap
er”,
“p
ens”
, “p
aper
pla
n”,
“co
pyi
ng
p
aper
”, “
6 b
oo
ks o
f 50
0 p
ages
-tim
ebo
oks
”N
orw
ayW
ald
emar
Jan
ssen
“fish
pla
tes”
, “ir
on
”, “
bo
lts”
??
278 Appendices
Yea
rTe
chn
olo
gy
Co
un
try
of
ori
gin
Sup
plie
r
1919
“scr
ews”
, “o
il ca
ns”
, “su
nd
ries
”N
orw
ayA
. E. O
lsen
“sta
tio
ner
y”N
orw
ayA
. Ho
lbak
Eri
ksen
“bo
ard
”N
orw
ayA
/S E
mil
Grö
nn
ing
“bo
rin
g t
oo
l”, “
sun
dry
to
ols
”N
orw
ayA
/S E
. A. S
mit
h“p
um
p-v
alve
s”N
orw
ayA
/S G
. Har
tman
n“g
um
-sal
es”
No
rway
An
der
sen
& E
ng
er“o
ne
air-
rece
iver
fo
r p
lan
t”N
orw
ayA
/S M
erak
er G
rub
er“a
xle”
, “el
ectr
ic m
ater
ial”
, “er
ecto
r (r
op
eway
)”Sw
itze
rlan
d
(No
rweg
ian
su
bsi
dia
ry)
A/S
No
rsk
Elek
tris
k &
Bro
wn
B
ove
ri
“bel
ts”
No
rway
A/S
Vik
ing
Rem
& P
akn
. Fa
br
“sta
tio
ner
y”N
orw
ayA
/S W
ald
emar
Jan
ssen
“su
nd
ries
”N
orw
ayA
alen
s Ø
vdre
Fo
rbru
ksfo
ren
ing
“fo
rwar
d m
ach
ine
fro
m E
ng
lan
d in
Feb
ruar
y”En
gla
nd
Bac
hke
& C
.“s
tati
on
ery”
No
rway
Bru
ns
bo
gh
and
el“r
epai
r ty
pew
rite
r”N
orw
ayC
h. J
oh
nse
n“c
arb
ide”
No
rway
Ch
. En
gze
lius
& S
ön
“win
do
w-g
lass
”, “
iro
n”,
“o
ne
iro
n-g
ird
er”
No
rway
Ch
r. Th
aulo
w &
Sö
n“c
arb
ide”
, “su
nd
ry p
ain
tin
g g
oo
ds”
No
rway
Emil
Grö
nn
ing
“lac
”N
orw
ayE.
D. M
og
stad
“ele
ctri
c fi
ttin
gs”
, “st
atio
ner
y”, “
calc
ula
tin
g t
able
s”, “
rop
e”,
“lea
ther
”N
orw
ayE.
Fje
lset
h
“ro
ofi
ng
”N
orw
ayE.
Grö
nn
ing
“to
ols
”N
orw
ayE.
Ols
en“t
oo
ls”
No
rway
Eid
et H
and
elss
amla
g
(co
nti
nu
ed )
279 Appendices
Yea
rTe
chn
olo
gy
Co
un
try
of
ori
gin
Sup
plie
r
“bo
ard
& s
un
dri
es”
No
rway
Eng
zeliu
s &
Sö
n“b
oo
ks f
or
offi
ce”
No
rway
F. B
run
s B
okh
and
el“f
ou
nd
atio
ns,
dam
. wal
l”N
orw
ayFj
eld
sjö
en D
am. R
O. A
un
e“s
ort
ing
ham
mer
s”N
orw
ayFr
. Mel
bye
& C
o“s
un
dri
es”
No
rway
Grø
nn
ing
Em
il“e
lect
rica
l in
spec
tio
n”
No
rway
Go
vern
men
t“r
epai
r o
f u
nkn
ow
n”
No
rway
Ham
ar J
ern
stø
ber
i & M
ek.
Ver
kste
d“c
ust
om
ove
ns”
, “tr
ansm
issi
on
tu
bes
”, “
tran
smis
sio
n w
ash
ing
m
ach
iner
y”, “
core
s”, “
tran
smis
sio
n o
ne
case
bo
lts”
No
rway
H. F
. Bac
hke
“ass
ays”
No
rway
Ho
rnh
auer
“su
nd
ry s
ho
p m
ach
iner
y”N
orw
ayH
vile
s el
. Ver
kste
d A
/S“d
icti
on
ary”
, “le
tter
file
s”, “
dra
win
g m
ater
ial”
No
rway
J. B
run
“co
ntr
act
reco
nst
ruct
ion
min
e”N
orw
ayJ.
Gaa
re“c
urt
ain
s fo
r n
ew o
ffice
”N
orw
ayJ.
Mat
hes
on
“offi
ce e
ffec
ts”
No
rway
Jan
ssen
, Wal
dem
ar A
/S“b
uild
ing
s”N
orw
ayJo
han
Gaa
re“s
un
dri
esN
orw
ayJo
ng
zeliu
s &
Sø
n“s
un
dri
es”
No
rway
Kill
ing
dal
pro
v. H
and
el“n
ails
”N
orw
ayK
vam
& G
isvo
ld“r
epai
r o
f ty
pew
rite
r”N
orw
ayLo
ren
tz S
yver
tsen
“scr
ews”
, “su
nd
ries
”, “
nai
ls”,
“ro
pe”
, “su
nd
ries
”N
orw
ayM
. En
gze
lius
& S
ön
“su
nd
ry g
oo
ds”
No
rway
M. G
allu
s“e
lect
ric
mat
eria
ls”,
“el
ectr
ic b
atte
ry”,
“el
ectr
ic s
un
dri
es”
No
rway
Mø
ller
& G
røn
nin
g“e
lect
rica
l mat
eria
l”N
orw
ayN
ico
lay
Bec
k“n
itro
gly
ceri
ne:
exp
losi
ves
dyn
amit
e”N
orw
ayN
itro
gly
ceri
nco
mp
agn
iet
“cap
s”N
orw
ayN
ord
enfs
. Sp
ræn
gst
of
A/S
(co
nti
nu
ed )
280 Appendices
Yea
rTe
chn
olo
gy
Co
un
try
of
ori
gin
Sup
plie
r
“ass
ays”
No
rway
No
rges
Tek
nis
ke H
øis
kole
“die
sel m
oto
r co
ntr
act-
pu
mp
”N
orw
ayN
ors
k H
B“r
epai
r at
Sto
rvo
ldse
n”
No
rway
No
rges
sta
tsb
aner
“bel
tin
g”
No
rway
No
rske
Rem
fab
rik
“su
nd
ries
”N
orw
ayO
lsen
Alb
“su
rvey
ing
min
e”N
orw
ayO
le A
. Aal
en“w
hee
ls a
nd
axl
es”
No
rway
Pay
& B
rick
“su
nd
ry-b
uild
ing
go
od
s”N
orw
ayP.
B. P
auls
en &
Co
“su
nd
ry g
oo
ds”
No
rway
Rag
nva
ld L
illev
old
“su
nd
ry”
No
rway
R. E
. Car
r’s
Ex. K
rist
ian
ia &
Tr
on
dh
eim
“tu
bin
g”,
“tu
bes
”N
orw
aySe
fsaa
s &
Co
.“c
emen
t”, “
tub
ing
”N
orw
ayTr
on
dh
jem
s C
emen
tsrø
ber
i“w
ash
ers
for
gri
zzlie
s”, “
coo
kin
g a
pp
arat
us”
No
rway
Tro
nd
. Mek
. Ver
kste
du
nkn
ow
nN
orw
ayTr
on
dh
jem
s El
ektr
icit
etsv
erk
“bo
ltin
g s
tore
”N
orw
ayTh
e Fo
ldal
Co
pp
er &
Su
lph
ur
Co
. Ltd
“sta
tio
ner
y”N
orw
ayW
ald
. Jan
sen
“fu
rnit
ure
fo
r m
ine
ho
use
”, “
sun
dry
pro
visi
on
s fo
r m
ine
ho
use
”, “
sun
dry
pro
visi
on
s fo
r m
ine
ho
use
”, “
sun
dry
go
od
s”?
?
a Th
e ca
sh b
oo
ks a
fter
191
9 al
so s
ho
w a
larg
e sh
are
of
No
rweg
ian
su
pp
liers
, bu
t th
e la
rge
nu
mb
er o
f n
ote
s an
d c
om
men
ts
mak
es it
to
o d
iffi
cult
to
incl
ud
e m
ore
yea
rsSo
urc
es: B
ede
Met
al K
illin
gd
al, P
riva
tark
iv 1
07, S
tats
arki
vet
in T
ron
dh
eim
: 10
kass
abo
k se
pt.
189
5–o
kt. 1
906;
11
kass
abo
k n
ov.
190
6–o
kt. 1
919;
12
kass
abo
k n
ov.
191
9–d
es. 1
919
281© The Author(s) 2018K. Ranestad, Knowledge-Based Growth in Natural Resource Intensive Economies, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96412-6
Index1
1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.
AAbsorptive capacity, 169, 225Acemoglu, Daron, 21n57, 23, 23n64,
23n65, 26, 26n76, 217, 230Ahlström, Göran, 30, 30n92, 30n93,
31n94, 40, 41n125, 142n92, 158, 158n33
Andes Copper Company, 176, 188Angola, 5, 5n9Australia, 3n1, 7, 13, 15, 34, 53, 92,
93, 112, 204, 215
BBachke, Anton Sophus, 97, 121,
173, 249Becker, Gary S., 28, 29n84, 49,
50n146Bede Metal & Chemical Co., 52,
151, 196, 272–280
Bessemer, Henry, 97Bessemer process, 93, 97Blomström, Magnus, 10, 10n24,
11n28, 167n62, 170n71Børresen, Kristine, 70n18, 73n35,
74n38, 88n14, 109n12, 125n58, 177n100, 206n10, 207n14, 208, 208n17, 209n20
Britain, 18, 20, 31, 32, 40, 42, 46, 47, 92, 112, 114, 142, 171n76, 191, 204, 219, 223, 224, 230
Bruland, Kristine, 17, 17n44, 19, 19n52, 25, 25n70, 25n74, 29n85, 37, 37n116, 38, 38n117, 39n119, 40, 40n123, 40n124, 41n126, 44, 45n132, 46, 46n136, 47, 47n137, 47n138, 100, 100n49, 140n88, 192, 192n23, 192n24
282 Index
CChemistry, 13, 28, 31, 81, 84–88,
98, 99, 108, 110, 111, 114, 115, 117, 130, 204, 220, 221, 250, 258, 269
Chile, 13, 24, 24n69, 30, 34, 36, 90, 107, 109n10, 112, 114, 114n32, 126, 127n61, 133, 134, 158, 161, 167, 167n62, 170, 175, 176, 187–191, 191n19, 205, 210
Concession Act of 1917, 134, 134n77, 168
Concession laws, 134Crushing, 71
DDahl, Harald, 85, 97n45, 101, 154,
172David, Paul, 13, 13n31, 16, 16n41,
24n68, 31n96, 53, 112n24, 127, 127n63, 158, 158n31, 171n75, 204, 204n3
Denmark, 10, 64, 128n66, 128n68, 140, 175, 204, 207, 250
Drill, 50, 70, 75, 84, 86, 91–93, 95, 113, 131, 161, 173, 174, 196, 198, 222, 225, 249, 252, 260
Dunderland Iron Ore Company, 149, 151, 195, 209
EEasterlin, Richard, 31, 32n97Edquist, Charles, 18, 19n49, 27n81,
28, 28n83, 37, 37n115, 42n129
Electric power, 68, 70, 71, 74, 85, 86, 93, 110, 130, 143, 193, 220, 252, 253
Electrolysis, 71, 73, 93, 130, 173Electrolytic process, see ElectrolysisEnclave, see Enclave economyEnclave economy, 166, 189England, 31, 34, 98, 119, 158, 171,
174, 192, 193, 196, 207, 246, 247, 249–251, 253, 260, 263, 266, 268
Evje Nickel Works, see Falconbridge Nickel Works
FFalconbridge Nickel Works, 156,
157, 163, 238, 240France, 47, 92, 97, 107, 119, 158,
161n40, 171–173, 171n76, 207, 219, 223, 224, 247–249, 251, 261, 263, 265, 266, 269
Friis, Jacob Pavel, 72n27, 82, 82n2, 96, 96n41, 101, 161, 161n43, 249
GGeology, 13, 31, 81–84, 86, 87, 98,
101, 107, 109, 111, 115, 191, 204, 207, 208, 220, 223, 254, 258, 266
Germany, 16, 33, 47, 172, 247, 250Gerschenkron, Alexander, 20,
21n56, 32n98Greif, Avner, 20, 20n54, 21n57,
24n67
283 Index
HHuman capital, 6, 21, 28–30,
32n99, 39n120, 169
IIndustrial Enlightenment, 38, 41Industrial Revolution, 5, 16, 18, 25,
29, 32, 38, 41, 47
JJones, Geoffrey, 151, 151n12, 152,
152n13, 153n18, 164, 164n50, 166, 166n56, 166n57, 167n62, 167n65, 168n67, 169, 169n68, 170n70, 188n7, 189n11, 190n15, 190n18
KKjerulf, Theodor, 206, 207, 248Know-how, 44, 92–98, 100, 114,
152, 153, 153n19, 161, 165, 181, 193, 209, 221, 223, 226, 227
Knowledge institution, 38, 47–48Knowledge organisation, 17, 37–42,
47–48, 50–53, 55, 56, 75, 219, 220, 226–231
Know-what, 92–98, 100, 101, 221, 222, 226
Know-who, 92–98, 100, 101, 221, 223, 227
Know-why, 92–98, 100, 101, 221Knudsen, Emil, 83–85, 83n4, 84n5,
85n8, 85n9, 89n19, 91, 92, 101, 120n45, 121, 121n48,
165, 165n53, 165n54, 165n55, 173, 173n83, 193n29, 271
Kongsberg Silver Works, 64, 68, 107, 109, 117, 154n24, 156, 159–161, 164, 173, 178, 179, 193, 206, 240, 243, 247–249, 251, 252
Kongsberg Silver Works Elementary Mining School, 108, 114, 125, 142, 222, 227
Kuznets, Simon, 17, 17n42, 19, 19n50
LLearning by doing, 28, 49, 50, 91,
155, 221Løkken Works, see Orkla Mining
CompanyLundvall, Bengt-Åke, 18, 18n47, 94,
96n42, 100, 100n48, 101, 221
MManhés, Pierre, 93, 173, 195Manhés process, 71, 72, 93, 97, 251Mathematics, 40, 82–84, 98, 101,
109, 111, 115, 220Mechanics, 13, 28, 32, 83, 85, 98,
101, 108, 109, 111, 115, 133, 134, 136, 220, 228, 246
Meller, Patricio, 10, 10n24, 11n28, 167n62, 170n71
Metallurgy, 84–88, 93, 95, 98, 99, 101, 107, 109, 111, 114, 116, 117, 119, 143, 171n73, 191, 220–222, 251, 257, 260–262, 265, 269
284 Index
Mineralogy, 13, 31, 70, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87, 98, 101, 109, 111, 115, 204, 220, 256
Mining Seminar in Kongsberg, 108, 111, 142, 154
Mokyr, Joel, 17, 18, 18n45, 25, 25n73, 32, 32n100, 32n102, 38, 38n117, 38n118, 40, 48n140, 49, 49n142, 49n145
NNational Geological Survey (NGS),
51, 52, 70, 129, 156, 157, 161, 162, 164, 172, 203–210, 219, 225, 228, 229, 231
National Innovation System, 28Natural sciences, 83, 84, 86, 98, 109,
110, 113, 117, 143, 220–222Nelson, Richard, 27n80, 45,
45n133, 49, 49n144, 50n147New Zealand, 7, 24, 53, 215Nigeria, 5, 6Nordic countries, 17n44, 24, 25,
25n74, 38–41, 53, 141, 181, 223, 232
North, Douglass C., 3, 3n2, 7, 17, 17n43, 18, 18n48, 19n51, 20n53, 20n55, 21n57, 24n67, 26n77, 27n78, 47, 48n139, 217
Norwegian Institute of Technology (NIT), 51, 107–144
OO’Brien, Patrick, 38, 38n117Orkla Fund, 178, 179Orkla Mining Company, 68, 74, 87,
120, 121, 131, 157, 179, 195
Orkla process, 86O’Rourke, Kevin, 32, 33n103,
128n67
PPedersen, Harald, 73, 73n33, 73n34,
87, 136n78, 139, 140n85, 162, 162n47
Physics, 13, 84, 98, 101, 111, 115, 204, 220, 249
Polanyi, Michael, 49, 49n143, 50, 50n148
Prebisch, Raul, 5n5, 7
RResource curse, 4, 5n9, 7, 11, 13,
22, 29, 30, 53, 215Robinson, James, 21n57, 23, 23n64,
23n65, 26, 26n76, 217, 230Røros Copper Works, 64, 71, 72, 82,
91, 96, 97, 111, 121, 150, 156, 161, 162, 164, 165, 173, 178, 179, 193, 194, 243, 247–249, 253
Rosenberg, Nathan, 18, 18n46, 45, 46n134, 46n135, 95, 95n38, 190, 190n14
Royal Frederick University in Christiania, see University of Oslo
SSachs, Jeffrey D., 5, 5n6Sandberg, Lars, 32Smith, Keith, 3, 4n3, 8, 8n19, 11,
11n29, 14, 17, 17n44, 25,
285 Index
25n74, 37, 37n116, 39n119, 40n124
Stang, Gudmund, 120n41, 139, 139n81, 139n83, 139n84, 140, 140n86, 175n93
Stavanger Electrical Steel Works, 98, 171
Sudan, 5Sulitjelma Mining Company, 121,
122, 130, 149, 154, 156, 159, 179, 195, 206
Svalbard, 66, 150, 208, 256, 270Sweden, 7, 12, 32, 34, 64, 85, 87,
96, 107, 119, 128n68, 171, 171n76, 173–175, 177, 179, 193, 204, 207, 215, 224, 230, 246–249, 251–253, 256, 258, 260, 265
Sydvaranger Mines Ltd., 163, 209
TTacit knowledge, 48, 49, 91, 99, 221Technology, 95Trondhjem Mechanical Workshop,
52, 194, 195Turbine, 45, 70, 189, 191–194, 197,
222, 247–249
UThe United States, 7, 13, 16, 24, 31,
34, 47, 54, 64, 91, 92, 107, 112, 114, 119, 127, 134, 141, 158, 167n64, 171, 171n74,
172, 174–176, 188, 191, 204, 218, 219, 223, 224, 230, 262, 267
University of Oslo, 8n21, 14n35, 15n37, 65n6, 178, 208n19
Useful knowledge, 17, 18, 20, 39, 218
VVenezuela, 6Vigsnes Copper Works, 83, 150,
162, 163, 165, 244Ville, Simon, 3n1, 14n34, 15,
15n38, 197n46Vogt, Johan Herman Lie, 119, 171,
209
WWarner, Andrew M., 5, 5n6Wicken, Olav, 3n1, 8n21, 14,
14n34, 14n35, 15, 15n37, 15n38, 65n6, 197n46, 208n19
Williamson, Jeffrey, 32, 33n103, 128n67
Wright, Gavin, 7n18, 13, 13n31, 16, 16n41, 24, 24n68, 31, 31n96, 54, 112n24, 127, 127n63, 158, 158n31, 171n75, 204, 204n3
Z
Zoega, G., 6n12
