Aphids, scale, whitefly, mealybug… HOMOPTERA. 0511.html 0511.html .

Aphids, scale, Aphids, scale, whitefly, mealybug…whitefly, mealybug…

HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA

http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r735300511.html

HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA

Homo: sameHomo: same Ptera: wingsPtera: wings IncompleteIncomplete Piercing-sucking mouthpartsPiercing-sucking mouthparts 2 pair or wingless2 pair or wingless

Wings held "roof-like"Wings held "roof-like"

HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA

Produce honeydew and sooty moldProduce honeydew and sooty mold Ants feed on honeydew and protect Ants feed on honeydew and protect

insectsinsects

HOMOPTERAHOMOPTERA

ParthenogenicParthenogenic: asexual reproduction: asexual reproduction ViviparousViviparous: live birth: live birth Winged aphids disperse in spring and Winged aphids disperse in spring and

late summerlate summer

APHIDS (103)APHIDS (103)

Over 200 species, often host specificOver 200 species, often host specific Cornicles (tailpipes), function unclearCornicles (tailpipes), function unclear


Stem mother produces Stem mother produces colonycolony All femalesAll females


HOSTSHOSTS Herbaceous plants (vector disease), river Herbaceous plants (vector disease), river

birch, tuliptree, crapemyrtle, birch, tuliptree, crapemyrtle, pyracantha…pyracantha…

New growthNew growth


DAMAGEDAMAGE Bleaching and distortingBleaching and distorting Sticky foliage and sooty moldSticky foliage and sooty mold


MONITORINGMONITORING Visual, spring to early summerVisual, spring to early summer

Honeydew, sooty moldHoneydew, sooty mold


CONTROLCONTROL Avoid broad-spectrum insecticidesAvoid broad-spectrum insecticides

Disrupts beneficial insectsDisrupts beneficial insects

Ladybeetles, mealybug destroyer, Ladybeetles, mealybug destroyer, lacewing, waspslacewing, wasps


CONTROLCONTROL Predator insectsPredator insects


CONTROLCONTROL Observe "mummies“Observe "mummies“

Parasitized aphidsParasitized aphids


CONTROLCONTROL Control ants with sticky barriersControl ants with sticky barriers


CONTROLCONTROL Oil and soapsOil and soaps Prune outPrune out

MEALYBUGS (126)MEALYBUGS (126)

Technically a type of scaleTechnically a type of scale Cottony mass on hostCottony mass on host


DAMAGEDAMAGE Feeds all over plantFeeds all over plant HoneydewHoneydew


DAMAGEDAMAGE Stunts, distorts, and yellowStunts, distorts, and yellow


CONTROLCONTROL Oil and soapOil and soap Mealybug destroyerMealybug destroyer Wash foliage with bleach solutionWash foliage with bleach solution

Mealybug DestroyerMealybug Destroyer

HOPPERSHOPPERS

LEAFHOPPERS (148) LEAFHOPPERS (148) PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151) TREEHOPPERS (151)TREEHOPPERS (151)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

LEAFHOPPERS (148) LEAFHOPPERS (148)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

PLANTHOPPERS (151)PLANTHOPPERS (151)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

TREEHOPPERS (151)TREEHOPPERS (151)

HOPPERSHOPPERS

HOSTHOST Woody plants…Woody plants…

LEAFHOPPERLEAFHOPPER

Controlled by Controlled by naturally occurring naturally occurring fungusfungus

HOPPERSHOPPERS

DAMAGEDAMAGE Sucking damageSucking damage "hopper burn" from toxins during feeding"hopper burn" from toxins during feeding Rarely threatens hosts healthRarely threatens hosts health HoneydewHoneydew

SPITTLEBUGS (151)SPITTLEBUGS (151)

Nymph: soft 1/4" hidden in "spit"Nymph: soft 1/4" hidden in "spit"


Adults emerge from "spit"Adults emerge from "spit"


HOSTHOST Turf and ornamental grassesTurf and ornamental grasses


HOSTHOST Perennials (cosmos) and woody plants Perennials (cosmos) and woody plants

(Rosemary)(Rosemary)


DAMAGEDAMAGE Distort and diebackDistort and dieback


MONITORMONITOR Visual spit in JuneVisual spit in June Adults active in JulyAdults active in July


CONTROLCONTROL Wash offWash off Prune out infestationsPrune out infestations

WHITEFLIES (124)WHITEFLIES (124)

Adult: small "moth"Adult: small "moth"


Nymph: scale-likeNymph: scale-like


Crawlers hatch and insert mouthpartCrawlers hatch and insert mouthpart Stay until adultStay until adult Last instar is an inactive pupa (not true Last instar is an inactive pupa (not true

pupa)pupa)


HOSTHOST Gardenia, privets, other woody shrubsGardenia, privets, other woody shrubs Greenhouse pestGreenhouse pest Feed underside of foliageFeed underside of foliage


DAMAGEDAMAGE Leaf dropLeaf drop Sooty moldSooty mold


MONITORMONITOR Yellow sticky cardsYellow sticky cards


CONTROLCONTROL Oil and soapOil and soap


CONTROLCONTROL Encarsia formosa and other beneficialsEncarsia formosa and other beneficials


CONTROLCONTROL Encarsia formosaEncarsia formosa


CONTROLCONTROL Other predatorsOther predators

SCALE (145)SCALE (145)

Males: don't feed, live only few hoursMales: don't feed, live only few hours Female: oval and winglessFemale: oval and wingless Eggs laid under shellEggs laid under shell


"Crawlers" hatch, move along branch or "Crawlers" hatch, move along branch or via windvia wind

Insert mouthpart and feedInsert mouthpart and feed


Armored scaleArmored scale: secrete waxy covering: secrete waxy covering Covering can be removedCovering can be removed Never moveNever move Do not produce honeydewDo not produce honeydew


Armor ScaleArmor Scale

Euonymus scaleEuonymus scale



Pine scalePine scale



Camellia scaleCamellia scale



San Jose scaleSan Jose scale



Oystershell scaleOystershell scale


Soft scaleSoft scale Covering is actual bodyCovering is actual body Can move aroundCan move around Produce honeydew and sooty moldProduce honeydew and sooty mold


Soft scaleSoft scale

Cottony Cushion ScaleCottony Cushion Scale



Wax ScaleWax Scale



Oak scaleOak scale


DAMAGEDAMAGE Weaken plantWeaken plant Water stressWater stress Kill branchesKill branches


MONITORINGMONITORING Crawlers in the springCrawlers in the spring Double sticky tapeDouble sticky tape

Looks like pollenLooks like pollen Spray at sharp increaseSpray at sharp increase


MONITORINGMONITORING Pheromone traps and degree-day Pheromone traps and degree-day

models for San Josemodels for San Jose Observe parasitized scaleObserve parasitized scale

Cycad scaleCycad scale


CONTROLCONTROL Twice stabbed ladybeetle, parasitic Twice stabbed ladybeetle, parasitic

wasps…wasps… Oils in winter, spring, or summerOils in winter, spring, or summer

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