APA References PSY 311. In-Text Citations Placed in the body of the paper when using information...
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Transcript of APA References PSY 311. In-Text Citations Placed in the body of the paper when using information...
In-Text Citations
• Placed in the body of the paper when using information from another source
• Include author(s) and date:
Kessler (2003) found that among epidemiological samples...
OR
Early onset results in a more persistent and severe course (Kessler, 2003).
In-Text Citations
• For sources with 3 or more authors:
Cite all authors the FIRST time you use the reference
If the reference is cited again, include the first author, followed by et al. and the year.
• First citation:Kisangau, Lyaruu, Hosea, and Joseph (2007) found...
• Subsequent citations:Kisangau et al. (2007) also found...
OR• First citation:This has been supported by research (Kisangau, Lyaruu, Hosea, & Joseph, 2007).• . Subsequent citations:
This has been supported by research (Kisangau et al., 2007).
In-Text Citations
• What if there are 6 or more authors?
For example: Park, Armelli, Guitar, Darragh, Huxley, Darwin, & Tennen
• Use et al. for the first/every in-text citation EXCEPT in the Reference section cite ALL authors
Problem-focused coping is more adaptive when the stressoris controllable (Park et al., 2004).
OR
Park et al. (2004) found problem-focused coping to be more adaptive when the stressor was controllable.
In-Text Citations
• Use and in the running text
Park, Armelli, and Tennen (2004) found problem-focused coping to be more adaptive when the stressor was controllable.
• Use & in parenthetical material, the reference list, tables, and captions
Problem-focused coping is more adaptive when the stressor is controllable (Park, Armelli, & Tennen, 2004).
In-Text Citations
• What if an author published two works in the same year and both need to be cited?
For example:
Guitar published in May 2011 vs. Guitar published in December 2011
Guitar (2011a) found problem-focused coping to be more adaptive when the stressor was controllable.
OR
Problem-focused coping is more adaptive when the stressor is controllable (Guitar, 2011a, 2011b).
In-Text Citations
• What if I want to support a claim with references to multiple authors?
Use a semicolon to separate authors
List in alphabetical order
Previous studies have shown that problem-focused coping is more adaptive when the stressor is controllable (Carmen & Guitar, 2004; Guitar, 2011a; Park et al., 2004).
In-Text Citations
• Citing an article from a website
• Author and date
Past research has suggested this effect (Guitar, 2011).
• Institution
Training materials are available (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001) for those interested in further research.
In-Text Citations
• What if the website doesn’t list all of the needed info?
• No author?(Anonymous, 1998)
• No date?(Guitar, n.d.)
• No author or date?ASK YOURSELF: SHOULD I REALLY BE CITING
THIS???
APA Reference Section
• After the body of the paper
• The APA Publication Manual presents 95 variations of reference style
• 4 major types of sources:
1) Journal articles2) Books3) Book Chapters4) Internet sources
Journal Articles
For the title, use all lowercase letters except for proper nouns and after punctuation marks.
Author(s) (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume, Pages.
Park, C. L., Armeli, S., & Tennen, H. (2004). Appraisal-coping
goodness of fit: A daily internet study. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 30, 558-569.
A Book
For the title, use all lowercase letters except for proper nouns and after punctuation marks.
Author(s) (Year). Title of book. Location: Publisher.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping.
Boulder, CO: Springer Publishing Company.
A Chapter in an Edited Book (Single Editor)
Ed. refers to a SINGLE editor
Eds. refers to MULTIPLE editors
Author(s) (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) (Eds.), Title of Book (Pages). Location: Publisher.
Carver, C. S. (2007). Stress, coping, and health. In R. C. Silver
(Ed.), Foundations of Health Psychology (pp. 45-67). Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
A Chapter in an Edited Book (Multiple Editors)
The title of the chapter is in lowercase (except after punctuation marks and for proper nouns)
The Title Of The Book Is In Uppercase.
Author(s) (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) (Eds.), Title of Book (Pages). Location: Publisher.
Carver, C. S. (2007). Stress, coping, and health. In H. S. Friedman &
R. C. Silver (Eds.), Foundations of Health Psychology
(pp. 45-67). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Internet Source
If the URL extends to the next line, break it after a slash or period.
Author(s) (Year). Title of web page. Accessed on Date at Address.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Prevalence data.
Accessed on September 8, 2010, at http://www.cdc.gov/
nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/childhood/prevalence.html
*Find at least 3 Errors in the Citation*
Team One
Richard S. Lazarus, & Susan Folkman (1984). Stress,
appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing
Company: New York
Type of citation:
________________________________________
Team Two
Richard S. Lazarus, & Susan Folkman (1984). Stress,
appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing
Company: New York
Type of citation:
________________________________________
Book Book
*Find at least 3 Errors in the Citation*
Team One
C. L. Park et al. (2004). Appraisal-coping goodness of
fit: a daily internet study. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 30.
Type of citation:
________________________________________
Team Two
C. L. Park et al. (2004). Appraisal-coping goodness of
fit: a daily internet study. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 30.
Type of citation:
________________________________________
Journal article Journal article
*Find at least 3 Errors in the Citation*
Team One
C. S. Carver (2007). Stress, coping and health. In
Friedman, H. S. and Silver, R. C. (Ed.),
Foundations of Health Psychology (pp. 45-67).
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Type of citation:
________________________________________
Team Two
C. S. Carver (2007). Stress, coping and health. In
Friedman, H. S. and Silver, R. C. (Ed.),
Foundations of Health Psychology (pp. 45-67).
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Type of citation:
________________________________________
Chapter in Book Chapter in Book
*Find at least 3 Errors in the Citation*
Team One
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007).
Prevalence data, at http://www.cdc.gov/nccd
php/dnpa/obesity/childhood/prevalence.html
Type of citation:
________________________________________
Team Two
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007).
Prevalence data., at http://www.cdc.gov/nccd
php/dnpa/obesity/childhood/prevalence.html
Type of citation:
________________________________________
Internet Source Internet Source