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APAPOTALA Tratament

Youcan save life so easy!Make your own clean water!

Having clean and enough wateris one of the basic needs of mankind

Background:Worldwide, more than 1 billion peoplelack access to safe drinking water

t is estimated that over "#$ of thediseases in the developing countries arecaused by contaminated water

%he water and sanitation crisis claimsmore lives through disease than any warclaims through guns

%he cost per person per year for having 1#liters of safe drinking water every day is&ust '( )*+

How to clean water? Water Purification Technologies

*tarting with some simple and cheap technologies

Solar water disinfection, Sodis


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Water is placed in transparent plastic -% bottles, which is first o.ygenatshaking partially/filled capped bottles prior to filling the bottles all the waycompletely water/filled and capped bottles are e.posed to sunlight, preferablcorrugated metal roof, slanted slightly to ma.imi0e the e.posure to solar radi

or si. hours in full sun, or for two days in partial sunlight

Microbes are destroyed by temperature and )23 radiation provided by the sucombination of the two effects 4)23 and heat5 provides a simple methdisinfection for use in tropical countries

%he use of glass bottles may or may not provide the same effect 4thicker etc5

%he researchers gave 6#( Masai children clear, 17/liter plastic bottles %he chi

in the test group were told to fill the bottles 4from the contaminated water sand place them on the roof, from dawn to midday %he control group keptbottles inside +iarrhea incidence in the two groups was tracked over 16 weekresearchers found that this solar radiation method may significantly rdiarrheal disease for communities that have no other way to disinfect wMore onwwwsodisch

Heating or boiling

Boiling water will kill bacteria as well as other disease/causing microorganism8iardia lamblia and 9ryptosporidium parvum which are commonly found in
http://www.sodis.ch/http://www.sodis.ch/


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and lakes Water temperatures above "# 9 417; 5 will kill all pathogens witminutes, above ;7 9 41;7 5 within a few minutes, and at boiling point 414616 55, most pathogens will be killed

Boiling cannot remove chemicals, nor heavy metal contamination, eg, colmetal pollutants

%o improve =uality: re/filtering by a fine meshed cloth, let the water settle bef

?et the water sit for a few hours after boiling in a vessel, the water picks up ailoses its bland taste mprove the taste by flavoring plant materials adding dboiling f done properly, boiling is a very effective and simple disinfection mbut re=uires a significant amount of energy, if not used the sun directly

3 combination of heating plus filtering with activated charcoal can neutrali0epathogens and pollu%his process can be reali0ed by a *olar/cooker

How does the cleaning of water works?

n the free space of a *olar/9ooker you put a plastic or copper/pipe> %hrougthe water will be heated 3fter this it will pass a simple heat /e.changer 4reflow/principle5 for to use the energy of the hot water to preheat the incominwater %hrough this you will have a very good yield for the water/pasteuri0process But you can Bypass this to get the hot water for tea etc

%he transport of the water works through a small pump, for e.ample a old pua car for to clean the wind/screen n this way you have the water directly wher

need it for e.ample in the kitchen %he Heat/e.changer can be deliver3lternative %echnology, if necessary also other components But isn@t itinteresting doing the things by yourselfA ou find more on:


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wwwalternative/technologydeC*olar/9ookerCsolar/cookerhtml

UV-Light Treatent

)ses )2/9 light in the short wavelength range of 1##D6;# nm prevents microfrom reproducing Without reproduction, the microbes become far less danger

Water turbidity must be low! %hin water films are necessary! Many substancesinhibit the transmission of the light %he water must be pre/filtered some sevedisadvantages! %he )2 lamp re=uires replacement annually> Eo *tandards/?ae.pensive! -liminate waterborne pathogens 4germs, viruses, and molds5

)2 disinfection does not kill giardia or have a residual effect on bacteria thatreintroduced into the water after )2 treatment

roblem: Bacteria which hide behind pollution ilter before to improve that

)2/treated water must therefore not be e.posed to visible light before consumto avoid ingesting reactivated and dangerous microbes

t is the viruses that is the limiting factor of )2 treatment

%he proposed technology uses ultraviolet 4)25 light to from the local water sup

9onsuming a total of F# watts, the system disinfects appro.imately

%he estimated one/time capital cost of an ultraviolet system is '7##, inclvalve, fittings, and labor the )2 lamp re=uires replacement annually

Bacteria and viruses often accumulate bigger particles!

?amp must be pre/glowed

u!flow filteration

at low filtration/rates and sufficient o.ygen content of raw/water, biological acan be observed> reduction of 7# / "# $ of organic and inorganic coarse anparticles

ilter/medium: coarse sand cleaning of the filter, 7/1# min every d

prevent the filter/bed ofclogging> better results: decreasing grain/si0e to top>

Acti"ated charcoal
http://www.alternative-technologie.de/Solar-Cooker/solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.alternative-technologie.de/Solar-Cooker/solar-cooker.html


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can remove many pollutants, without removing pathogens Geduces chemicals,better taste

f not used can be a breeding ground for bacteria Eo visible indication ofneeds to be replaced

Gemove the very first water of a new candle %here can be a critical concentratcharcoal dust

With *ilber/ons: %here is a concentration which could be dangerous

9an also remove esticide/agent and their Metabolite or Medical remains

#eraic-filters

Gemoving pathogens down to the #6D#< micrometer 4m5 range, reducesBaterieas and roto0oen>

f the water is not too turbid 4may clog the pores5

f the pore/si0e smaller than 17 um, the pathogens get removed also>

ilter with bigger pores remove only microorganisms as cysts and worm eggs aremoved

strands of thread/like ?eptospira spp bacteria, 4that can cause leptospirosis5, athin enough to pass through a #6 micrometer filter

3fterwardscleaning: brushing under running water, boiling the candle> lowfiltration without pressure!

%he elements themselves can become coloni0ation sites n recent years some


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have been enhanced by bonding silver metal nanoparticles to the ceramic elandCor to the activated charcoal to suppress growth of pathogens

9eramic filters filter 7,### to 7#,### liters per cartridge

cla$-filters with sil"er

e.cellent results! also removal of bacteria> 6,1F lCday> 1 year longlivity> 77/(7$loam,


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chlorine 4best and most tested but not easy to get and store this chemicals5, ibromine, o0one>

#hlorine disinfection

kills all pathogens, including giardia n addition, chlorine has a residual effect

is, if bacteria are reintroduced into a chlorinated water supply, the new bacteridie 3lthough chlorine disinfection is a well/proven techni=ue, it hasdisadvantages Iften, people dislike the taste and smell of chlorinated wataddition, because it is easy to overdose water with chlorine, it is necessarytrained person to test chlorine levels before water is consumed

*ilverJ9hlorine: 6#/

&'one-treatentI0one makes o.idation of solved organic elements and removes bacteria, virusand germs With the 3eration, one saturates waters with air ou combine withwater in a manner that there is ma.imum of contact By this procedure, you resmell and bad taste and e.pels transient gases f e 9hlorine urthermore, iromanganese/*olutions are transferred in insoluble o.ide/hydrates %hese can beremoved afterwards by filtration

(e"erse-&sosis

Gemoves all suspended particles, filters all ioni0ed or ade=uately big/molecular

materials from the water, also all minerals and trace elements

Gemoves almost everything> but water can be remineralised after treatment I


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1#$ of untreated Water to it

%he pH gets to about 7,7

3 disadvantage is the large volume of unused waste water But can be used fortoilette, garden etc

or the desalinating of sea water, the reversal/osmosis is more advantageous tthe more e.pensive energy/intensive distillation Geversal/osmosis is applied iindustry or in laboratories in order to produce chemically 4almost5 pure H6I

%he cost drop to 1##/1### -uro %he filter must be changed about every yearcosts are about 6# ' %he membrane must be changed about all < years, but deon the =uantity of water to be produced

)ore Technologies

LifeSa"er bottle, filters with a combination of hand pump, filter membranea charcoal filter %his new system removes particles larger than 17 nm, and table to filter/out viruses More on

http:CCwwwlifesaversystemscomCtechinfohtml

%he LifeStraw removes particles larger than 17 microns with a set omembrane filters and a carbon filter %he polymer membrane filterimpregnated with antimicrobial halogens to kill pathogens, and the carbon fiimpregnated with silver to inactivate residual halogens from the membrane fMore on

http:CCwwwvestergaard/frandsencomClifestraw/specificationshtm

*)-#eraic-+ilter

9ombination out of activated carbon and effective microorganisms

%his is suitable for the production of cleaned and biologically active drinking w

Aeration

remove unpleasant taste and odors and colour

- weeks storagecan reduce bacteria from 7#/K# $
http://www.lifesaversystems.com/techinfo.htmlhttp://www.vestergaard-frandsen.com/lifestraw-specifications.htmhttp://www.lifesaversystems.com/techinfo.htmlhttp://www.vestergaard-frandsen.com/lifestraw-specifications.htm


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Hoeade water filters

using local materials such as grass, charcoal 4eg from burned firewood5, and s

simple cleaning *ystem: waterpps: *olar 46L76Wp, F63h 2lies/batterie5eramikmikrofilter

Links and ore %ocuents

Water treatment and technical design

3nalysis of water

*torage of water3 lot is stolen from the wonderful Wikipedia so go there for further informatio

htt!.//en0wiki!edia0org/wiki/Portable1water1!urification

www0flowthefil0co/takeaction

www0sodis0ch

www0water2ualit$0de

www0watercone0co

www0inta2ua0co

htt!.//www0waterfoot!rint0org/?!age3files/hoe

www0fog2uest0org

U4(5# 6 Water. htt!.//www0unric0org/inde70!h! ?o!tion3co1content8task3categor$8sectionid398id3:;85teid

htt!.//www0lifesa"ers$stes0co/techinfo0htl

http:CCwwwvestergaard/frandsencomClifestrawClifestraw

Here is the U!dated docuent for %ownload

ou can also contact me for more detailled information> click here
http://www.alternative-technology.de/Water_purification/Water_treatment.pdfhttp://www.alternative-technology.de/Water_purification/Analysis_of_water.pdfhttp://www.alternative-technology.de/Water_purification/Storage.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_water_purificationhttp://www.flowthefilm.com/takeactionhttp://www.sodis.ch/http://www.waterquality.de/http://www.watercone.com/http://www.intaqua.com/http://www.waterfootprint.org/?page=files/homehttp://www.fogquest.org/http://www.unric.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=5&id=129&Itemid=155http://www.unric.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=5&id=129&Itemid=155http://www.lifesaversystems.com/techinfo.htmlhttp://www.vestergaard-frandsen.com/lifestraw/lifestrawhttp://www.alternative-technology.de/Water_purification/WATER.DOChttp://www.alternative-technology.de/Contact/contact.phphttp://www.alternative-technology.de/Water_purification/Water_treatment.pdfhttp://www.alternative-technology.de/Water_purification/Analysis_of_water.pdfhttp://www.alternative-technology.de/Water_purification/Storage.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_water_purificationhttp://www.flowthefilm.com/takeactionhttp://www.sodis.ch/http://www.waterquality.de/http://www.watercone.com/http://www.intaqua.com/http://www.waterfootprint.org/?page=files/homehttp://www.fogquest.org/http://www.unric.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=5&id=129&Itemid=155http://www.unric.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=5&id=129&Itemid=155http://www.lifesaversystems.com/techinfo.htmlhttp://www.vestergaard-frandsen.com/lifestraw/lifestrawhttp://www.alternative-technology.de/Water_purification/WATER.DOChttp://www.alternative-technology.de/Contact/contact.php


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Water, what a wonderful and preciouse ressource!

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