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The$French$and$Indian$War$

Causes$

! 1750s:'France'and'England'compe5ng'for'land'in'North'America'(Ohio'River'Valley)'

! French:'trapping'and'trade'routes'in'the'Ohio'Valley'

! English'colonies'were'encroaching'on'French'territory'as'the'popula5on'grew'

! Compe55on'over'trade'issues'with'the'Na5ve'Americans'in'the'disputed'region'

! Spark:'BaIle'for'Fort'Duquesne'

North'America:'1763'North'America:'1750'

Leaders$of$the$French$&$Indian$War$Great'Britain/Colonists'!  William'PiI'(Civilian)'

!  Prime'Minister'

!  King'George'III'(Civilian)'!  Great'Britain'

!  W.'Braddock'(Military)'!  Bri5sh'commander'

!  G.'Washington'(Military)'!  Major'in'the'mili5a'

!  Wolfe'(Military)'!  Bri5sh'Colonel'

France/Na5ve'Americans'!  King'Louie'XVIII'(Civilian)'

!  King'of'France'

!  Metacom'(Military)'!  Wampanoag'Chief'!  Also'went'by'King'Philip'

Strategy$$

Great'Britain/Colonists'!  European'method'of'warfare'

!  Goal:'capture'French'fort''

!  Cut'off'French'Navy'!  Offense'

France/Na5ve'Americans'!  Guerilla'warfare'!  AIack'fron5er''!  Defense'! Military'advantage'

Advantages$

Great'Britain/Colonists'1.  More'seIlers'living'in'the'

Bri5sh'colonies'than'in'New'France.'

2.  Bri5sh'colonies'='easier'to'defend'since'they'were'concentrated'along'the'Atlan5c'coast,''

3.  Most'of'the'English'seIlers'were'willing'to'fight'hard'to'save'their'land,'homes,'and'families'

'

France/Na5ve'Americans'1.  France'controlled'more'land'in'

North'America'than'Britain'2.  New'France'had'a'1'colonial'

government,'while'the'Bri5sh'had'to'ask'for'help'from'13'different'colonial'governments'

3.  Support'(ships'and'professional'soldiers)'from'France''

4.  Help'from'their'loyal'Indian'allies'(Huron'and'Algonquin)'

''

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Important$Ba>les$1.  Fort'Necessity'(1754)''!  One'of'the'first'baIles'of'the'French'and'Indian'War'

!  French'had'forts'along'Ohio'River'Valley'to'protect'their'fur'trading'interests'

!  Some'forts'conflicted'with'English'claims'!  Bri5sh'(led'by'G.'Washington)'were'driven'off'by'the'French'

Important$Ba>les$

2.  Fort'Duquesne'(1755)'!  Braddock’s'men'defeated'by'French'and'

Indian'forces''

Important$Ba>les$

3.  BaIle'of'Quebec'(1759)'!  Bri5sh'commander'Gen.'Wolfe'killed'!  French'commander'Montcalm'killed'!  Bri5sh'seized'Quebec'

'1758g1761'Increase'of'Bri5sh'troops'French'surrender'and'Peace'Treaty'

1754g1756'Local'affair'(Bri5sh'colonists'vs.'French'colonists)'Albany'Congress''

1756g1758'Bri5sh'government'took'full'charge'of'the'war'Colonists'resisted,'risking'Bri5sh'efforts'

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The$Treaty$of$Paris$

! 1763'Treaty'of'Paris'ended'the'French'and'Indian'War''

! French'transferred'its'claims'west'of'the'Mississippi'to'Spain'and'ceded'its'territory'east'of'the'Mississippi'to'the'Bri5sh'

! French'lost'all'land'in'North'America'to'the'Bri5sh'

NonETreaty$Results$

! French'and'Bri5sh'hos5lity'! French'"'New'Orleans'(Creole'culture)'! Bri5sh:'free'to'spread'Westward'

! New'conflicts'–'Bri5sh'vs.'Na5ve'Americans'! Pon5ac’s'Rebellion'

! French'power'disappears'from'North'America'! **Great'Britain'is'broke'

! Solu5on:'Get'colonists'to'pay'off'our'debt!'

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ProclamaGon$of$1763$

!  Violent'incidents'(Pon5ac's'Rebellion)'led'to'England'aIemp5ng'to'mandate'an'end'to'encroachments'on'territory'promised'to'the'Indians'

!  SeIlers'were'not'to'establish'themselves'west'of'the'�Proclama5on'Line�'

!  Effort'='unsuccessful''! Leading'cause'of'the'Revolu5onary'War'