AP US HISTORY AP US HISTORY CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1

NEW WORLD BEGINNINGSNEW WORLD BEGINNINGS

FIRST ARRIVALS FIRST ARRIVALS

Native Americans Native Americans

Bering Land BridgeBering Land Bridge

35,000 years ago, 35,000 years ago, a land bridge a land bridge connected Siberia connected Siberia (Asia) and Alaska (Asia) and Alaska (North America)(North America)

As glaciers melted, As glaciers melted, the land bridge the land bridge got covered by got covered by water againwater again

What do these pictures tell you about the evolution What do these pictures tell you about the evolution of Native American societies?of Native American societies?

Incas—Peru, Aztecs—Mexico, Incas—Peru, Aztecs—Mexico, Mayas—Central AmericaMayas—Central America

Some Native American tribes in Some Native American tribes in what is now the United States…what is now the United States…

IroquoisIroquois AnasaziAnasazi NavajoNavajo CherokeeCherokee Nez PerceNez Perce PotawatomiPotawatomi ApacheApache SiouxSioux

Other notable native groupsOther notable native groups

Location of mounds Location of mounds in Illinois: in Illinois: CahokiaCahokia

Closest to building Closest to building a large civilization a large civilization in North America: in North America: IroquoisIroquois

Native American view of landNative American view of land

Reverence for the Reverence for the natural worldnatural world

No extensive No extensive manipulation of manipulation of naturenature

Land is not Land is not “owned” by “owned” by individualsindividuals

EUROPEANSEUROPEANS

and the age of explorationand the age of exploration

Vikings from Scandinavia came to the New World first, but Vikings from Scandinavia came to the New World first, but did not establish permanent settlements because no strong did not establish permanent settlements because no strong

nation-state backed them financiallynation-state backed them financially

Portuguese were other early Portuguese were other early explorersexplorers

Got Got gold gold and and slaves slaves from Africafrom Africa

Set up Set up sugar sugar plantations plantations in in Madeira and Madeira and Canary Islands off Canary Islands off the coast of Africathe coast of Africa

What contributed to discovery of What contributed to discovery of the New World…the New World…

Crusaders—Crusaders—brought back brought back spices, silk, spices, silk, porcelain and other porcelain and other goodsgoods

Spice Islands—Spice Islands—source of all these source of all these wonderful things wonderful things Europeans now Europeans now cravedcraved

Muslim middle men—charged higher and higher Muslim middle men—charged higher and higher prices for goods as those goods moved westward prices for goods as those goods moved westward

toward Europetoward Europe

RenaissanceRenaissance

Humanistic revival of Humanistic revival of classical art, classical art, architecture, architecture, literature, and literature, and learning that started learning that started in Italy in the 14th in Italy in the 14th century and spread century and spread throughout Europe. throughout Europe.

It encouraged people It encouraged people to learn more about to learn more about the world.the world.

New inventionsNew inventions CaravelCaravel—type of boat —type of boat

with triangular sails and with triangular sails and a rudder, which helped a rudder, which helped make steering easiermake steering easier

CompassCompass—magnetic —magnetic needle let you know in needle let you know in what direction you were what direction you were headedheaded

Printing pressPrinting press— — allowed for knowledge allowed for knowledge to spread via printed to spread via printed maps and first-hand maps and first-hand accounts of other accounts of other people’s travels people’s travels

People read about Marco Polo’s travels to People read about Marco Polo’s travels to China and other parts of AsiaChina and other parts of Asia

Rise of nation-statesRise of nation-states

EnglandEngland FranceFrance PortugalPortugal SpainSpain Competition for Competition for

new territory, new territory, power, glory, power, glory, wealthwealth

TRANSATLANTIC TRANSATLANTIC ENCOUNTERSENCOUNTERS

Columbus and those who Columbus and those who followed himfollowed him

Columbian Exchange—some Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in Europethings that arrived in Europe

TomatoTomato Potato Potato TurkeysTurkeys TobaccoTobacco ChocolateChocolate CornCorn PeanutsPeanuts SyphilisSyphilis

Columbian Exchange—some Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in America things that arrived in America

CowCow HorseHorse PigPig ChickenChicken RiceRice CoffeeCoffee SugarcaneSugarcane SmallpoxSmallpox

Some positive effects of Some positive effects of the Columbian Exchangethe Columbian Exchange

Natives got new tools, Natives got new tools, animals and trade animals and trade goods; for example—goods; for example—horses could now be horses could now be used to hunt buffalo used to hunt buffalo on the Great Plains on the Great Plains (could also be viewed (could also be viewed as a bad thing)as a bad thing)

Europeans got lots of Europeans got lots of great food sources great food sources that would help make that would help make the population growthe population grow

Some negative effects of Some negative effects of the Columbian Exchangethe Columbian Exchange

Some bad things Some bad things spread, too, such spread, too, such as diseases; about as diseases; about 90% of the Native 90% of the Native population got population got wiped out as a wiped out as a resultresult

Paved the way for Paved the way for conquistadores and conquistadores and the growth of the growth of slaveryslavery

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Catholic Church Catholic Church divided South divided South America between America between Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal

What is now Brazil What is now Brazil was in the was in the Portuguese sectionPortuguese section

Discoverers and Discoverers and conquistadores….YAHOOO!conquistadores….YAHOOO!

BalboaBalboa—was the —was the first European to see first European to see the Pacific Oceanthe Pacific Ocean

MagellanMagellan—his men —his men circumnavigated the circumnavigated the globe (went around globe (went around the Earth)the Earth)

And they kept coming….And they kept coming….

Ponce de LeonPonce de Leon——explored Florida explored Florida searching for gold searching for gold (and the Fountain (and the Fountain of Youth)of Youth)

And coming….And coming….

CoronadoCoronado—saw —saw the Grand Canyonthe Grand Canyon

De SotoDe Soto—saw the —saw the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

Some conquered great civilizationsSome conquered great civilizations

PizarroPizarro—conquered —conquered the Incasthe Incas

CortezCortez—conquered —conquered the Aztecs; the Aztecs;

the Aztec capital of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan is now Tenochtitlan is now Mexico City; Mexico City;

their leader was their leader was Montezuma Montezuma (Moctezuma)(Moctezuma)

THE SPANISHTHE SPANISH

First permanent settlers inFirst permanent settlers in

what is now Americawhat is now America

Spanish settlementSpanish settlement

EncomiendaEncomienda system gave system gave Indians to Spanish Indians to Spanish lords in exchange lords in exchange for them trying to for them trying to Christianize the Christianize the IndiansIndians

Harsh system Harsh system criticized by criticized by Bartolome de las Bartolome de las CasasCasas

Three G’s of Three G’s of the Conquistadoresthe Conquistadores

GOLDGOLD GOD GOD GLORYGLORY

First Spanish-American settlement First Spanish-American settlement in North Americain North America

St. Augustine in St. Augustine in what is now Floridawhat is now Florida

Established in 1565Established in 1565 Oldest continuous Oldest continuous

EUROPEAN EUROPEAN settlement in North settlement in North AmericaAmerica

Characteristics of Spanish Characteristics of Spanish settlementsettlement

Brought Catholic religion Brought Catholic religion and Spanish language; and Spanish language; tried to convert Nativestried to convert Natives

Set up over 150 missionsSet up over 150 missions Set up encomiendas, Set up encomiendas,

haciendashaciendas Universities and major Universities and major

towns (Santa Fe, San towns (Santa Fe, San Diego, San Antonio, Mexico Diego, San Antonio, Mexico City, etc.)City, etc.)

Intermarried with natives, Intermarried with natives, creating a mestizo creating a mestizo populationpopulation