AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

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2006-2007 AP Biology Nucleic acids

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Transcript of AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

Page 1: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

2006-2007AP Biology

Nucleic acids

Page 2: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

2006-2007AP Biology

Nucleic AcidsInformation

storage

Page 3: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biologyproteinsproteins

DNADNA

Nucleic Acids Function:

genetic material stores information

genesblueprint for building proteins

DNA RNA proteins

transfers informationblueprint for new cellsblueprint for next generation

Page 4: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

AA

A

A

TC

G

CG

TG

C

T

Page 5: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Nucleic Acids Examples:

RNA (ribonucleic acid) single helix

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) double helix

Structure: monomers = nucleotides

RNADNA

Page 6: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Nucleotides 3 parts

nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C)

ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA

phosphate (PO4) group

Are nucleic acidscharged molecules?

Nitrogen baseI’m the

A,T,C,G or Upart!

Page 7: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Types of nucleotides 2 types of nucleotides

different nitrogen bases purines

double ring N base adenine (A) guanine (G)

pyrimidines single ring N base cytosine (C) thymine (T) uracil (U)

Purine = AGPure silver!

Page 8: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Nucleic polymer Backbone

sugar to PO4 bond phosphodiester bond

new base added to sugar of previous base

polymer grows in one direction N bases hang off the

sugar-phosphate backbone

Dangling bases?Why is this important?

Page 9: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Pairing of nucleotides Nucleotides bond between

DNA strands H bonds purine :: pyrimidine A :: T

2 H bonds G :: C

3 H bonds

Matching bases?Why is this important?

Page 10: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

DNA molecule Double helix

H bonds between bases join the 2 strands A :: T C :: G

H bonds?Why is this important?

Page 11: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Copying DNA Replication

2 strands of DNA helix are complementary have one, can build other have one, can rebuild the

whole

Matching halves?Why is this

a good system?

Page 12: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

When does a cell copy DNA? When in the life of a cell does DNA have

to be copied? cell reproduction

mitosis gamete production

meiosis

Page 13: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

DNA replication“It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.”

James WatsonFrancis Crick

1953

Page 14: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Watson and Crick … and others…1953 | 1962

Page 15: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Maurice Wilkins… and…1953 | 1962

Page 16: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)

Page 17: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Interesting note… Ratio of A-T::G-C

affects stability of DNA molecule 2 H bonds vs. 3 H bonds biotech procedures

more G-C = need higher T° to separate strands

high T° organisms many G-C

parasites many A-T (don’t know why)

Page 18: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Another interesting note… ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

++

modified nucleotide adenine (AMP) + Pi + Pi

Page 19: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

HELIXHELIXHELIXHELIX

Page 20: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

2006-2007AP Biology

Macromolecule Review

Page 21: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Carbohydrates Structure / monomer

monosaccharide

Function energy raw materials energy storage structural compounds

Examples glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen

glycosidic bond

Page 22: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Lipids Structure / building block

glycerol, fatty acid, cholesterol, H-C chains

Function energy storage membranes hormones

Examples fat, phospholipids, steroids

ester bond (in a fat)

Page 23: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Proteins Structure / monomer

amino acids levels of structure

Function enzymes defense transport structure signals receptors

Examples digestive enzymes, membrane

channels, insulin hormone, actin

peptide bond

Page 24: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Nucleic acids Structure / monomer

nucleotide

Function information storage

& transfer

Examples DNA, RNA

phosphodiester bond

Page 25: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Let’s buildsome DNA, baby!

Page 26: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

2007-2008 AP Biology

Ghosts of Lectures Past(storage)

Page 27: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Building the polymer

Page 28: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

RNA & DNA RNA

single nucleotide chain

DNA double nucleotide chain

N bases bond in pairs across chains

spiraled in a double helix double helix 1st proposed as structure of DNA

in 1953 by James Watson & Francis Crick (just celebrated 50th anniversary in 2003!)

Page 29: AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology

Information polymer Function

series of bases encodes information like the letters of a book

stored information is passed from parent to offspring need to copy accurately

stored information = genes genetic information

Passing on information?Why is this important?


Chapter 2 structures of nucleic acids nucleic acids - Personal Psu

Chapter 2 structures of nucleic acids nucleic acids - Personal Psu

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

NUCLEIC ACIDS INTRODUCTION - oswego.edukadima/CHE525/NUCLEIC ACIDS_INTRODUCTI… · NUCLEIC ACIDS An INTRODUCTION Two classes of Nucleic Acids • Deoxynucleic Acids (DNA) – Hereditary

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Nucleic Acids Unit: Nucleic Acids Nucleus DNA structure DNA replication.

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21 - 1CH110 – Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids Nucleic acids Nucleic acids: –Maintain genetic information –Determine Protein Synthesis DNAdeoxy DNA= deoxyribonucleic.

21 - 1CH110 – Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids Nucleic acids Nucleic acids: –Maintain genetic information –Determine Protein Synthesis DNAdeoxy DNA= deoxyribonucleic.

AP Biology Ch. 5 Macromolecules: Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.

AP Biology Ch. 5 Macromolecules: Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.

AP Biology 2005-2006. AP Biology 2005-2006 Chapter 5. Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids.

AP Biology 2005-2006. AP Biology 2005-2006 Chapter 5. Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids.

Nucleic Acids - WordPress.com · Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Nucleotides have major metabolic roles and are building blocks of nucleic acids Two kinds of nucleic acids, DNA and

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DNA. Nucleic Acids What are the types of Nucleic Acids?

DNA. Nucleic Acids What are the types of Nucleic Acids?

Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids.

Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids.

Ch 5 Nucleic Acids excerpt - philipdarrenjones.comphilipdarrenjones.com/web_documents/ch_5_nucleic_acids_excerpt.pdf · Ch 5 (excerpt) Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids •Store ... proteins

Ch 5 Nucleic Acids excerpt - philipdarrenjones.comphilipdarrenjones.com/web_documents/ch_5_nucleic_acids_excerpt.pdf · Ch 5 (excerpt) Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids •Store ... proteins

Biochemistry 3070 – Nucleic Acids 1 Nucleic Acids Biochemistry 3070.

Biochemistry 3070 – Nucleic Acids 1 Nucleic Acids Biochemistry 3070.

AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids.

AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids.

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. Definitions Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides In eukaryotic cells nucleic acids are either: Deoxyribose nucleic.

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. Definitions Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides In eukaryotic cells nucleic acids are either: Deoxyribose nucleic.

AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage Energy Transfer.

AP Biology HELIXHELIX AP Biology- Adapted from: Kim Foglia, Explore Biology Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids.

AP Biology HELIXHELIX AP Biology- Adapted from: Kim Foglia, Explore Biology Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids.

AP Biology HELIXHELIX AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

AP Biology HELIXHELIX AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS nucleic acids - CCGB | index

CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS nucleic acids - CCGB | index