i i i“Status of Air Pollution – in Bengaluru”

D B NDr. B. NagappaScientific Officer

KSPCB , BangaloreE-mail :aqmc@kspcb.gov.in

Status of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme in Karnatakag

Board has started monitoring of ambient air quality during1983 and the number of stations were gradually increasedover the yearsover the years.

The numbers of stations in 1983, with 2 stations and,gradually increased , presently 36 stations are beingmonitored for Air Quality covering all major cities ( 31 arein NAMP and 5 are in Board programme ).p g )

17 cities are covered under Ambient Air Quality MonitoringP i K t kProgramme in Karnataka.

2

VEHICLE STRENGTH AND GROWTH IN BANGALORE(YEAR WISE)(FIGURES AS AT THE END OF MARCH EACH YEAR)

YEAR TWO WHEELERS M/CARS A/R CABS OTHERS TOTAL

2001 10.92 2.07 0.62 1.12 14.73

(FIGURES IN LAKHS)

2002 11.83 2.26 0.64 1.23 15.96

2003 13.23 2.53 0.69 1.37 17.82

2004 14 44 2 77 0 76 1 53 19 52004 14.44 2.77 0.76 1.53 19.5

2005 15.7 3.18 0.75 1.67 21.3

2006 18.97 4 0.86 2.38 26.21

200 21 11 4 69 0 94 2 86 29 62007 21.11 4.69 0.94 2.86 29.6

2008 22.38 5.05 0.92 2.91 31.26

2009 23.34 5.75 0.93 3.03 33.05

2010 24.16 6.34 1.2 3.2 34.9

2011 26.24 7.1 1.21 3.36 37.91As on 31.3.2015 ~ 56.0

In a decade 257 % of growth is observed in vehicular population, Out of which 72 % are two wheelers

Source of Air pollutants : Two types I) P i d II) N iI) Point source and II) Non-point source

I) Point So rce

Includes:- Industrial and

I) Point Source

Stack

Includes: Industrial andnon industrial stationary process,major industries, boilers, wood

Monitoring and pulp processors, refinery, chemical processing operationsand petroleum storage tanksand petroleum storage tanks.

• Non- Point Source :Vehicular Pollution Di l d i hi l & P t l d i hi l•Diesel driven vehicles & Petrol driven vehicles

Air quality monitoring in Bangalore q y g g

• 13 stations covering Industrial Area, Mixed ,Urban Area and Sensitive Area

• Parameters SO2, NO2 and RSPM

• Frequency :• Frequency :Twice a week , 24 hrs, 365 days

• 2 CAAQMS+ 3CPCB

Non-point Source : Conventional AAQM: Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS less than 10 µm)

PM10 filter paperBefore Monitoring After Monitoring

PM2.5 Filter PaperBefore Monitoring After Monitoring

•Industrial Zone of Bangalore city: Four AAQMS set up•White Field Industrial Area (G.I.Ltd ), KHB Industrial Area , YelahankaP I d i l (G kh ) PIA RO KSPCB•Peenya Industrial area (Gymkhana), PIA-. RO KSPCB

Mixed urban zone of Bangalore city: Nine AAQMS (Residential, Rural & Other areas) of Bangalore city

•AMCO , Mysore Road. Yeshwanthpur Police Station, CSB, Hosur Road, DTDC - Victoria Road,Kazisummanahalli white Field. Banaswadi Police Station , TERI Office, Domlur , VictoriaHospital Bangalore, Indira Gandhi Child Care Centre , NIHMANS

CAAQMS at City Railway stationP ll t t SO NO CO d RSPMPollutants: SO2, NOX, CO and RSPM

24 Hours CAAQMS data at City Railways Station 24 h. data indicates that the measured RSPM

160

180

RSPM NOx

level has exceeded the national limit (100.0 µg/M3) between 8.00 PM to 1.00AM

4 7.97120

140

ram

/M3)

RSPM NOx

80

.64 373

.2 77.8

586

.24

80.3

1 9774

.56

78.7

71.5

57.

73 .38

98 5 7.17

7.22

80

100

n (M

icro

g

31.8

37.

72 9.26 0.68

0.18

.52 34

.82 54

.40

.43

49.0 57

44.3

5 55 51.9

47.4

557 57

40

60

ncen

trat

io

17 19 2 2 15

0

20

D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Con

STD07

:0009

:0011

:0013

:0015

:0017

:0019

:0021

:0023

:0001

:0003

:0005

:00

Time (h)

Source Apportionment Study: Total Emission Loads (TPD)

PM10%

ContributionNOx

% Contribution

SO2%

Contribution

pp y ( )

Contribution Contribution ContributionTransport 22.4 42 146.4 67.4 2.31 15.8

Road dust 10.9 20 0.0 - 0.0 -

Domestic 1.8 3 2.73 1.2 0.68 4.6

DG Set 3.6 7 50.96 23.3 3.35 23.0

Industry 7.8 14 17.19 7.9 8.21 56.2

Hotel 0.1 - 0.20 0.09 0.02 0.01

C t ti 7 7 14 0 0 0 0Construction 7.7 14 0.0 - 0.0 -

Total 54.4 100 217.4 100 14.6 100

Ambient Air Quality measured during “BUS DAY” observed by BMTC Bangalore during – 2010.during 2010.

KSPCB has conducted AAQM (Feb 2010 to Dec 2010) at the different locations of Bangalore City using Mobile Laboratory on the occasion of BUS DAY. The

reduction in concentration of pollutants is indicated in the table below: Parameter

smonitored

Feb2010

Mar2010

Apr-2010

May-2010

Jun-2010

July-2010

Aug-2010

Oct-2010

Dec-2010

Overall

rednMarathalli

Bennrghatta

IbbalurJunco

CentralSilk

Jalahalli

Kadirnahalli

Corpoation

Nagara

Hebbalalli ghatta

RoadJunco

nSilkBoard

lliCross

ahalli ationCircle

abhaviCircle

lJun

SO2µg/m3

14.6 % 14.7 % 15.9 % 30.1 % 8.6 % 8.8 % 10.6 % 6.4 % 9.5 % 13.2 %

NOx µg/m3

8.1 % 13.6 % 3.7 % 12.5 % 13.8 % 3.0 % 13.0 % 11.9 % 11.0 % 9.0 %

RSPM µg/m3

20.9 % 13.5 % 10.9 % 12.5 % 13.4 % 15.2 % 9.2 % 4.6 % 4.4 % 13.3 %µg/m3

CO mg/m3

0.71 % 12.7 % 10.2 % 25.8 % 7.1 % 7.6 % 12.5 % 3.8 % 14.3 % 10.5 %

O3 3.46 % 7.2 % 10.8 % 17.5 % 16.6 % 5.6 % 23.2 % 6.1 % 5.5 % 10.6 %O3 µg/m3

3.46 % 7.2 % 10.8 % 17.5 % 16.6 % 5.6 % 23.2 % 6.1 % 5.5 % 10.6 %

11.3 %

Time Series Trends : Sulphur reduction programme of India: Introduction of Green Fuel: April 2010: 0.005 % in 11 cities and 0.035 % entire country

It is observed that the concentration of SO2 showing an decreasing trend by 15 20 % over 10

SO2 Concentration in µg/M3 at AMCO Batteries

, Mysore Road

Aug 1997

0.25 %

1998 0 25 inAMCOBATTERIESSO2(48)

It is observed that the concentration of SO2 showing an decreasing trend by 15 -20 % over 10 years. The reason is Sulphur reduction programme of Govt of India ( Green Fuel concept).

, y

1997-98 28.0

1998-99 38.0

1999-00 32.0

1998 0.25 in Metro cities

2000 0.25 in Entire

50 ActualFits

Variable

AMCOBATTERIESSO2(48)Multiplicative Model

2000-01 26.0

2001-02 27.0

2002-03 16.0

Entire country

2000-04

0.05 % in 11 cities

40

30gm/

cum

)

MAPE 51.1664MAD 6.2566MSD 864139

Accuracy Measures

TrendForecasts

2003-04 16.7

2004-05 17.6

2005-06 21.2

2006 07 15 3

2005 0.035 % in 11 cities

20

SO2

(mic

ro g MSD 86.4139

2006-07 15.3

2007-08 15.9

2008-09 14.9

2009-10 14.2

April 2010

0.005 % in 11 cities and 0.035 % entire 130117104917865523926131

10

0

Standards 60country130117104917865523926131

Month

AMCO BATTERIES NOx (48)Multiplicative Model

80

70ActualFits

Variable

60

50cum

)

MAPE 22 430Accuracy Measures

TrendForecasts

50

40

icro

gm

/ MAPE 22.430MAD 7.620MSD 143.610

It is observed that30

20NOx

(mi It is observed that

the concentration of NOx are showing an increasing trend by 100 % over 10

10

0

by 100 % over 10 years. The reason m ay be increase in vehicular population by 258

1301171049178655239261310

Month

population by 258 %

AMCO BATTERIES RSPM (48)Multiplicative Model

160

140ActualFits

Variable

120

/ cu

m)

MAPE 24 489Accuracy Measures

TrendForecasts

100

80mic

ro g

m/ MAPE 24.489

MAD 13.618MSD 390.993

It is also observed h h80

60

RSP

M (

m that the concentration of RSPM for this site is showing a

d t 16 20%40

20

moderate 16-20% increase in trend over 10 years. The reason might be

i f130117104917865523926131

Month

resuspension of road dust, vehicular traffic, etc.

Back Ground

• The Hon'ble Supreme Court on 14.08.2003 in WP No. 13029/85(Civil-PIL) (M. C. Mehta Vs. Union of India & Others) directedh h S h ll d l f l i h f RSPM l l ithat the State shall draw plan for lowering the rate of RSPM level in

Bangalore City.

I di d i h 7th T k F M i C l f Ai• Issue was discussed in the 7th Task Force Meeting on Control of AirPollution in Bangalore City on 02.09.2003, with Cabinet approval,the State Government has issued G. O. No. FEE 120 ECO 2002d d i h i i l f hdated 2.12.2003 & 17.1.2004 with 14-Point Action Plan for theImprovement of Air Quality of Bangalore City.

h i l i b d l i l d• The Action Plan is by and large implemented.

Task Force: Departments involved

1 Additional Chief Secretary to Government 11 Department of Industries and1. Additional Chief Secretary to Government, Chairman of Task Force

11. Department of Industries and Commerce

2. Department of Home 12. Department of Urban Infrastructure Development (Special Invitee)p ( p )

3. Department of Forest, Ecology and Environment

13. Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.

4 Department of Transport and Road Safety 14 Indian Oil Corporation Ltd4. Department of Transport and Road Safety 14. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.5. Department of Food and Civil Supplies 15. Bangalore Development Authority6. Department of Urban Development 16. Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike

7. Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation

17. Sri. Govardhan, Admin. (Bangalore Environment Trust) a Non Government OrganizationOrganization

8. Department of Police 18. Karnataka Lorry Owners Association

9. Department of Excise 19. Southern State Goods Carrier Owners AssociationAssociation

10. Department of Commercial Tax 20. Karnataka Bus Owners Association

Action Plan Implementation Status –Transport Department

Action points StatusMandatory conversion of in-use 3-wheelers registered after1 04 1991 onwards to Bi-Fuel Mode (such as LPG and

Complied1.04.1991 onwards to Bi-Fuel Mode (such as LPG andPetrol) in a phased manner from 1.12.2003 onwards withauthorized LPG Kits and fixed LPG Cylinders.Registering new 3 Wheelers having Bi Fuel Mode only CompliedRegistering new 3 Wheelers having Bi-Fuel Mode only(such as LPG and Petrol) w.e.f. 1-12-2003 & onwards.

Complied

To take action for conversion of nearly 35,000 autorickshaws which are running with unauthorized LPG kits

Compliedrickshaws which are running with unauthorized LPG kitsand detachable cylinders by October 2004.Introduction of “No Pollution Under Control Certificate -N F l” S h i P t l/Di l di i t ti b

Notification to be i d b DEENo Fuel Scheme in Petrol/Diesel dispensing stations by

October 2004.issued by DEE

Setting up of Electronic Emission Testing Centers (ETCs) in Compliedg p g ( )each petrol bunk to be introduced from 1-12-2003 onwardswherever feasible.

p

Action Plan Implementation Status –Food and Civil Supplies Department

Action points Status

S l d i hi d & Ci ilIncrease Sales Tax and to impose Entry Tax on whitekerosene (Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) to curbadulteration with Petrol.

Food & Civil Supplies Department to follow up with the Finance Department

Strengthening strict vigilance and surveillance actions inorder to check Adulteration of Fuel.

Complied

To make mandatory for the whole sellers of kerosene to CompliedTo make mandatory for the whole sellers of kerosene toregister themselves and produce end-use certificatesbefore Civil Supplies Department

Complied

Action Plan Implementation Status – Other Departments

Action points Department StatusAction points Department Status

To establish 5 Auto LPG Dispensing Stations(ALDS) in Bangalore City by March 2004.

IOCL Complied

To convert 5 roads into One Way by HomeDepartment by March, 2004

Home Complied

To construct 2 flyovers and one Railway Under Urban CompliedTo construct 2 flyovers and one Railway UnderPass by March 2004 as proposed by the concernedDepartments.

Urban Development

Complied

fl i f C f b C C li dTo Increase fleet size of BMTC from 3106 buses atpresent to around 4330 buses by the end of October2005.

BMTC Complied

KSPCB to install one On-line Ambient Air QualityMonitoring Station by June 5, 2004.

KSPCB Complied

KSPCB to take action to promote use of cleaner KSPCB CompliedKSPCB to take action to promote use of cleanerfuels used by major industries in DG sets andBoilers.

KSPCB Complied

Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels in Bangalore

N f th St ti SO2 NO2 RSPM Exceeded to the

Air Quality - Annual average values of air pollutants in Bangalore City during 2014-15

Name of the Station SO2 µg/m3

NO2 µg/m3

RSPM µg/m3

Exceeded to the National limit

White Field Industrial Area (Graphite India) 12.3 33.5 230.0 283 %K.H.B Industrial Area 11 0 29 6 121 0 201 %11.0 29.6 121.0 201 %Peenya Industrial Area - RO 12.0 32.0 144.0 140 %Peenya Industrial Area 11.7 26.8 119.0 98%Y h h P li S iYeshwanthpura Police Station 10.8 31.5 129.0 115 %Amco Batteries , Mysore Road 11.9 32.9 209.0 248 %Central Silk Board, Hosur Road 11.5 31.3 189.0 215 %DTDC House, Victoria Road 10.9 30.1 162.0 170 %TERI Office, Domlur 6.3 10.8 58.0 Within limitBanswadi Police Station 10.2 25.0 84.0 40 %K ji h lli 9 8 25 4 69 0 15 %Kajisonnenahalli 9.8 25.4 69.0 15 %Victoria Hospital, 11.2 30.9 154.0 157 %Indira Gandhi Children Care 10.7 30.3 125.0 108 %CAAQM City Railway Station 10 6 22 7 67 0 12 %CAAQM City Railway Station 10.6 22.7 67.0 12 % CAAQM S.G.Halli 9.8 17.8 43.0 Within limitStandards 50.0 40.0 60.0

Sl Name of the Station Limits Day Time % Limits Night Time %

Noise levels Continuous Noise Monitoring Stations in Bangalore city during 2014-15

No dB(A) Leq

yIncrease dB(A)

Leq

gIncreaseLeq L min L max Leq L min Lmax

1 Peenya 75 59.8 47.9 72.6 WITHINLIMIT

70 56.8 49.2 70.2 WITHINLIMIT

2 White field Industrial Area

75 6/.6 58.0 79.5 WITHINLIMIT

70.0 61.6 50.2 76.6 WITHINLIMIT

3 Parisara Bhavan, Church Street

65 65.9 54.6 77.7 1.4% 55 62.5 48.9 74.5 13.6%

4 Yeshwanthpur Police Station

65 71.3 65.7 78.5 9.7% 55.0 63.0 53.7 75.8 14.5%

5 Marathahalli 65 59.6 52.1 78.1 WITHINLIMIT

55 57.7 50.9 72.6 4.9%

6 Nisarga Bhavn 55 57 0 47 3 74 2 3 6% 45 52 8 42 6 70 8 17 3%6 Nisarga Bhavn 55 57.0 47.3 74.2 3.6% 45 52.8 42.6 70.8 17.3%7 TERIOffice, Domlur 55 61.7 42.0 78.4 12.2% 45 54.9 36.2 69.7 22.0%8 BTM Lay out 55 66.0 57.0 80.7 20.0% 45 62.3 46.4 74.9 38.4%9 NIMHANS 50 60.8 47.4 72.2 21.7% 40 58.5 39.3 72.1 46.2%

IGH Care 10 RVCE, Mysore

Road50 59.6 52.6 73.8 19.4% 40 55.3 46.6 69.7 38.3%

Note:Day time shall mean from 6.00 AM to 10.00 PMNote:Day time shall mean from 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM

1. Night time shall mean from 10.00PM to 6.00 AM

2. Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 meters around Hospitals, Educational Institutions, Courts, Religious places or any other which is declared as such by the competent authority.

3. dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound decibels.

PIL in Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka

S M t P bli I t t Liti ti WP N 39432/2013• Suo-Moto Public Interest Litigation WP No. 39432/2013.• Board issued direction under Section 31(A) of the Air (Prevention and Control of

Pollution ) Act, 1981 to BBMP, Traffic Police, Transport Commissioner and BDA t t k t t t l i ll ti d d i l l i B lto take steps to control air pollution and reduce noise levels in Bangalore

Directions to Transport Department : • To restrict registration of new vehicles• To ban the entry of Heavy Motor Vehicles (HMVs)• To ban the use of two stroke vehicles within BBMP area.• To ban auto rickshaws in central business districtTo ban auto rickshaws in central business district• To ban use of more than 15 years old HMVs • No PUC – no fuel

T i h fi d fi t h ill/ Ai h t fi i t MV A t• To impose heavy fine and confiscate shrill/ Air horns not confirming to MV Act.• To plan for traffic regulation.• Testing of Vehicular emission as well as emission testing centres.• To convert to CNG• Create mass awareness .

Directions to BBMP

•To plan comprehensive parking management programme

• To remo e d st/silt acc m lated on roadside from the storm ater• To remove dust/silt accumulated on roadside. from the storm waterdrain and to transport the silt removed.

•To fill portholes and road cutting

T t ki ti iti i k d f ki•To evacuate non-parking activities in area earmarked for parking

•The remove encroachments of footpathsp

Directions to Police Department:

• To strictly enforce the provisions of the Noise (Regulation &Control) Rules, 2000 & the Orders issued by State Government ofthe No. FEE 46 ENV 2000, dated 13.8.2002.,

• To plan for regulating the traffic. • To coordinate with BBMP and Transport department

h f f h• To remove encroachment of footpaths.• To introduce dedicated bus lanes• To conduct awareness programmes regarding “No honking”.To conduct awareness programmes regarding No honking .

Directions to BDA:

• To take up massive afforestation

Action taken :

Utilization of Air Quality DataUtilization of Air Quality Data

• Air Quality Data is used for Policy/ Decision Making at Q y y gCentral and State Govt. Level

• For formulation of Action Plans for Air Quality improvement i iti ll i ll t d iti / i d t i lin critically air polluted cities / industrial areas

• Air Quality Data is provided to Research Institutions & Other Agencies for their research purpose and other projectsge c es o t e esea c pu pose a d ot e p ojects

• Air Quality Data is used for answering Parliament Questions, other VIP queries etc.

• Dissemination of air quality data through TV Channels, News Papers, display systems, CPCB Web sites etc for mass awareness.awareness.

Thank You