Answer Keys for Two Column Notes Middle AgesUnit.
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Transcript of Answer Keys for Two Column Notes Middle AgesUnit.
Answer Keys for
Two Column Notes
Middle
AgesUnit
The FranksWhat happened in W. Europe after Romans left?
• Germanic tribes moved in and established settlements
Who were the Franks?
• Took over Gaul (France) in late 4th/early 5th century
• Farmers/warriors• Special weapon: francisca (throwing axe)• Both men & women wore long hair and jewelry
What were the achievements of Clovis I & Merovingians?
• Merovingians ruled for 300 years• Clovis: founded France with capital at Paris
What happened to France after Clovis died?
• Kingdom divided between children• Infighting & chaos weakened France
The Franks
What was the Salic Code?
• Frankish law• All people & property had monetary value• Fines (wergilds) charged for all losses of property,
injuries & deaths• Murderers put to death if victim’s family chose
execution over collecting a fine
What are serfs and why were their lives so difficult?
• 60% serfs (farmers tied to the manors where they lived)
• Lords could take their crops at any time & merchants could raise prices during shortages
Who was Charlemagne?
• Son of Pepin the Short who defeated the Merovingians
• Came to throne in 768 CE• By 800 CE, had founded the Carolingian Empire
that covered most of W. Europe
The Franks
How did Charlemagne govern his empire?
• Allowed local governments some freedom• Used missi dominici (agents/messengers) to
ensure his people were treated properly• Single code of laws• Tried to improve lives of serfs and tradespeople,
but ruthless to enemies
What did Charlemagne do to encourage a “Carolingian Renaissance”?
• Established new schools at monasteries• Educated his sons and daughters• Revived architecture by constructing churches &
palaces• Took interest in science and literature
What happened after Charlemagne died?
• Empire fell apart due to weakness of his heirs and attacks by Vikings
The Anglo-SaxonsWhat happened after Romans left Britain?
• Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) drove out the Celts.
• Celts went to Wales, Cornwall, Scotland & Ireland
What was daily life like for Anglo-Saxons?
• Most were farmers in small villages• Some trade• Skilled metal workers• Created epic stories like Beowulf• Regular attacks by Vikings
Who was Alfred the Great?
• Anglo-Saxon king• Learned to defeat Vikings & united most of
southwestern England
The CeltsWhat was Celtic society like before the 5th century?
• Practiced Druidism (nature worship)• Bloody battles, slavery, human sacrifices
How did St. Patrick change Ireland?
• Converted Celts to Christianity• Made Ireland a centre for learning by establishing
monasteriesHow did Irish monks help spread Christianity & preserve knowledge?
• Trained missionaries who went to Scotland, England & Europe
• Copied Bibles & Latin, Greek & Celtic texts
The VikingsWhat were the advantages of long ships?
• Speed: could attack without warning & escape quickly
• Sail in shallow water Why were Vikings so feared?
• Attacked a vast area• Burned buildings and killed or enslaved people
How did rulers deal with Viking attacks?
• Paid them to leave (e.g. Danegeld)• Fought them
What was daily life like among the Vikings?
• Farmed & fished in small seaside Scandinavian villages
• Very small farms
Why did Vikings raid Europe?
• Not enough farmland to support their people
The VikingsWhat were women’s lives like?
• Shared work with men except for some tasks like weaving
• Many rights (e.g. own property, divorce)
Who or what was a thrall?
• Slaves who did the hardest work on farms• Captured in raids/forced into slavery by failing to
pay a debt• Children became thralls• Could be killed at any time
Describe Viking cultural achievements.
• Wood & metal work• Art featured scenes of gods (e.g. Thor) & daily life
How was Viking history preserved?
• Skalds (poets) recited history from memory at large gatherings
The Vikings
Describe Viking law & how it was administered.
• Laws to protect people and property• Mostly unwritten• Law Speakers memorized & recited laws when
needed• Worst punishment: declared outlaw with no
protection under law; could be killed at any time & property taken
What are runes?
• Alphabet used by Vikings & other German tribes• Thought to be magical
What brought an end to the “Viking Age”?
• Increased power of European monarchs• Arrangements (e.g. Danelaw in England &
Normandy in France) where some lands given to Vikings in exchange for keeping other Vikings out
• Some settlements (e.g. Greenland & N.A.) disappear
• Vikings converted to Christianity