ANSWER KEY for - paula-haines - homemain... · Web viewThe students were not pleased that they...

ANSWER KEY forAt a Glance: Sentences

CHAPTER 3 Parts of Speech Exercise 1 Identifying Parts of Speech

1.prep adj 2. adv prep 3. v adj 4. adj v 5. adv v 6. prep adv 7. v n 8. n adj 9. conj pro10. n adj11. adv v12. prep adv13. v n14. n prep15. adj n 16. adj conj17. prep adj18. adj v19. n pro20. n v

Exercise 2 Identifying Parts of Speech

1. prep v 2. v prep 3. adj pro 4. n adj 5. adv prep 6. prep v 7. adv pro 8. v conj 9. n adv10. pro adj11. v adj12. n v13. prep adj14. prep adj15. prep n16. pro adj17. adj adj

18. adj adj 19. v adv20. adj n

CHAPTER 4 Subjects and VerbsExercise 1 Finding Subjects

1. evidence 7. character2. Archaeologists 8. Some3. bones/shells 9. They4. objects 10. symbols5. Priests 11. language/language6. Part 12. (you)

Exercise 2 Finding Subjects

1. Mahatma Gandhi 6. He2. he 7. Gandhi3. (you) 8. British4. good 9. leaders, agitators5. fasts, writings, speeches 10. Gandhi

Exercise 3 Finding Verbs

1. live, travel 6. will beat2. varies 7. are, live3. is 8. hoots, shakes4. spend 9. hear, go5. make 10. are

Exercise 4 Finding Verbs

1. share 6. can use2. is shared 7. learned3. can use 8. can learn4. have 9. has learned, can ask5. do have 10. uses

Exercise 5 Finding Subjects and Verbs

1. (You) read 2. What causes 3. they can do 4. Earthquakes shake 5. answer is 6. earth is covered 7. they are 8. plates bump, pass 9. rocks are squeezed, stretched10. they pull, pile11. breaks are called12. formation is13. wave travels14. vibrations are15. force is16. scientists have tried17. success has been18. Earthquakes are identified19. states experience20. quake is occurring


1. (You) consider 2. Puerto Rico is 3. words do mean 4. Puerto Ricans are 5. Puerto Rico is 6. it will 7. Commonwealth of

Puerto Rico is 8. Puerto Rico means 9. Puerto Rico became10. It became12. They can vote13. they have voted14. many are15. majority speak16. economy is based17. Caribbbean National Forest is treasured18. parrots, orchids can be seen19. Tourists visit20. plankton light


1. (You) read, learn2. cities were

3. Government, religion were4. difference was5. They built, sacrificed6. ceremonies related7. society had8. family included9. boys went

girls went, learned10. Aztecs wore

they livedthey ate

11. Scholars developed12. calendars are13. language was14. language was, represented15. religion, government required16. soldiers could capture, enlarge17. Hernando Cortez landed18. He was joined19. Aztecs rebelled20. Spaniards killed

they defeated

Exercise 8 Writing Sentences with Subjects and Verbs

Answers will vary.

CHAPTER 5 Kinds of SentencesExercise 1 Identifying Clauses and Phrases

1. phrase 7. independent clause2. dependent clause 8. dependent clause3. independent clause 9. independent clause4. phrase 10. phrase5. independent clause 11. phrase6. phrases 12. independent clause

Exercises 2, 3, 4, and 5 Writing Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences

Answers will vary.

Exercise 6 Identifying Types of Sentences

__S__ 1. The most popular sport in the world is soccer.

__CC__ 2. People in ancient China and Japan had a form of soccer, and

even Rome had a game that resembled soccer.

__CX__ 3. The game as it is played today got its start in England.

__S__ 4. In the Middle Ages, whole towns played soccer on Shrove

Tuesday.

__CC__ 5. Goals were built at opposite ends of town, and hundreds of

people who lived in those towns would play on each side.

__S__ 6. Such games resembled full-scale brawls.

__S__ 7. The first side to score a goal won and was declared village

champion.

__CP__ 8. Then both sides tended to the wounded, and they didn’t

play again for a whole year.

__S__ 9. The rules of the game were written in the late 1800s at

British boarding schools.

__CP__ 10. Now nearly every European country has a national soccer

team, and the teams participate in international tournaments.

CHAPTER 6 Combining SentencesExercise 1 Combining Sentences: Compound

1. Oklahoma, but at 2. football, yet he

3. sports, but he 4. pentathlon, and he 5. world,” and Jim 6. athlete, so the 7. contract, and he 8. football, yet after 9. century, for he10. man, but on

Exercise 2 Combining Sentences: Compound

1. The legendary island of Atlantis has fascinated people for centuries. It probably never existed.

2. According to the Greek writer Plato, the people of Atlantis were very ambitious and warlike..

They planned to conquer all of the Mediterranean.

3. Initially, they were successful in subduing areas to the west. They became wealthy.

4. Then the people of Atlantis became proud. They became corrupt and wicked.

5. They were confident and attacked Athens. Athens and its allies defeated the invaders.

6. The story of Atlantis is probably just a tale. Many people have believed it.

7. Some writers have tried to link the legend with such real places as America and the Canary

Islands. No link has been found.

8. The Minoan civilization on Crete was destroyed by tidal waves. A similar fate may have befallen

Atlantis.

9. Some people speculate about a volcanic explosion on Atlantis. A volcanic eruption did destroy

part of the island Thera in the Eastern Mediterranean in 1500 B.C.E.

10. Some writers have conjectured that American Indians migrated to the New World by way of

Atlantis.. Archaeologists dispute that idea.

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Exercise 3 Combining Sentences: Complex

1. (relative pronoun) The freeway congestion was under study. The problem

occurred every Friday at noon.

2. The vacationers had a good time. The bears destroyed a few tents and ate people’s food.

3. The teenagers loved their senior prom. The band played badly.

4. Farmers gathered for miles around. Jeff had grown a fifty-pound cucumber.

5. Back-seat drivers make unwanted suggestions in the nag-proof model. They can be ejected from

the vehicle.

6. (relative pronoun) The marriage counselor gave bad advice. He charged only half price.

7. (relative pronoun) The robots would not do their work. They needed fresh batteries.

8 The hurricane was expected to hit during the night. The residents checked their flashlights.

9. The ice sculptor displayed his work in the dining hall. The customers applauded.

10. Someone stole the artwork of ice. No evidence was found.

Exercise 4 Combining Sentences: Compound-ComplexPossible answers: 1. When Helen Keller suffered a serious childhood illness, she became

blind and deaf, and at first her parents did not know what to do. 2. Because her parents would not give up despite discouraging advice, they advertised for a teacher, and a tutor named Anne Sullivan agreed to help. 3. After young Helen began to discover the world through her sense of touch,

she learned the alphabet, and she started connecting words with objects. 4. Although her physical condition was irreversible, her progress was rapid, and in three years she could read Braille. 5. Although [or Because] she could not talk, she used sign language for speech,

and she used a special typewriter to write. 6. When she reached the age of ten, she took speech lessons from a teacher of

the deaf, and in six years she could speak well enough to be understood. 7. While she attended college, she still needed help, and Anne Sullivan continued

as her tutor and interpreter. 8. After she graduated from college with honors, she became involved in

programs to help the deaf and blind communicate, and she wrote books and articles about problems of the disabled.

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9. Because of the effects of World War II presented special problems, Hellen Keller helped disabled people in other countries, and she helped soldiers blinded in the war.

10. When Hellen Keller died in 1968, she had an international reputation as a humanitarian, and her books had been translated into more than fifty languages.

Exercise 5 Correcting Omissions

1. love for preposition 2. and the gun subject 3. on the radio, and on TV prepositions 4. saw that that 5. expenses were verb 6. learned about preposition 7. believed that that 8. and the driver subject 9. have believed verb10. and he subject

Exercise 6 Providing Sentence Variety Possible revision:

On the weekends I do promotions for TV’s “Power Rangers.” I’m Trini. She’s supposed to be Chinese. Because I’m Chinese-American, the kids think I’m the real Ranger when I remove my mask. Except for one occasion, I’ve never felt very much like a Ranger. It was on a weekend promotion, held at a park. While we were doing our routine, I looked around and saw a little boy collapse. Although he had probably been in distress for a while, wearing the mask, I could hardly see anything. Nevertheless, this little boy was lying there, thrashing around and trying to throw up, but no one was doing anything. The Pink Ranger started running around trying to find the child’s parents. After no one came to the aid of the boy, I ran over, took off my mask, and put my finger in his mouth to clear his throat. There I found the problem. He had been chewing on, or maybe blowing, a long balloon when he swallowed it. I pulled it out of his throat. It was almost a foot long. The whole spectacle must have looked like a magic trick. Because the child still wasn’t breathing well, the paramedics were called. They quickly helped him back to good health. His parents, who lived across the street, came to carry him home. We Rangers put our masks back on, and the audience cheered us as if we had planned the whole scene. We resumed our routine. It was just another day of work for the Power Rangers.

Exercise 7 Combining Sentences

Possible answers:

1. Although cobras are among the most feared of all snakes, they are not the deadliest of all snakes.

2. Cobras do not coil before they strike; therefore, they cannot strike for a long distance.3. Cobras do not have a hood, but they flatten their neck by moving their ribs when they are

nervous or frightened.4. Cobras inject venom with their fangs, and they spit venom at their victims.

5. Although human beings will not die from the venom that has been spit, it can cause blindness if it is not washed from the eyes.

6. A person can die from a cobra bite, and death may come in only a few hours.7. Snake charmers have long worked with cobras; they use a snake, a basket, and a flute.8. The snakes cannot hear the music, but they respond to the rhythmic movements of the

charmers.9. The snake charmers are hardly ever in danger of being bitten because they defang the

cobras or sew their mouths shut.10. Most cobras flee from people, but they attack if they are cornered or if they are guarding

their eggs.11. The tiny mongoose, the enemy of the cobra, uses its sharp teeth to kill the cobra.


Possible answers:

1. When Romeo and Juliet were young, they fell in love.2. Because their families were feuding, Romeo and Juliet decided to run away.3. They tried to trick their families, but their plans failed, and they both died.4. The contestant spun the wheel one more time, and Vanna White clapped her hands with

glee.5. When only one letter remained, Pat Sajak encouraged the contestant.6. When the wheel stopped, the contestant lost his turn.7. The audience groaned, Vanna White almost cried, and Pat Sajak comforted her.8. Several tabloids have reported that Elvis has not left us, for he has been sighted in

several parts of the country and even on other planets.9. The tabloids, which give credit to unnamed reliable sources, report that the King is just

tired and wants privacy.10. The central character of The Old Man and the Sea is Santiago, a fisherman with a string

of bad luck.11. Although Santiago catches a fish, he loses most of it to sharks.12. Because he struggles courageously, he achieves a moral victory.13. Santiago is a true hero because he obeys his code.


Possible revision:

Muhammad Ali, who was arguably the greatest heavyweight boxing champion, won the title on four occasions. He loved to perform for the press. He made up sayings and poems about himself and his opponents, and once said he would “float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” Ali announced that he would win each fight, and he even named the round. After he became a Black Muslim, he refused induction into the armed services, and he was convicted of a crime for having done so. As a result he lost his championship, but later the decision was reversed by the U.S. Supreme Court. He won back the title by defeating George Foreman in1974. Then in l978 he lost it to Leon Spinks, but he regained it again the next year. In l980 he retired, but he soon returned to the ring to fight once more for the championship before he quit for good.

CHAPTER 7 Correcting Fragments, Comma Splices, and Run-OnsExercise 1 Identifying Fragments

1. fragment 6. fragment2. complete 7. complete3. fragment 8. complete4. fragment 9. fragment5. fragment 10. fragment

Exercise 2 Correcting Fragments

1. When Leroy Robert Paige was seven years old. He was carrying luggage at a railroad

station in Mobile, Alabama.

2. He was a clever young fellow. Who invented a contraption for carrying four satchels

(small suitcases) at one time.

3. After he did that. He was always known as Satchel Paige.

4. His fame rests on his being arguably the best baseball pitcher. Who ever played the

game.

5. Because of the so-called Jim Crow laws. He, as an African American, was not allowed to

play in the Major Leagues. Until 1948 after the Major League color barrier was broken.

6. By that time he was already forty-two. Although he was in excellent condition.

7. He had pitched. Wherever he could, mainly touring around the country.

8. When he faced Major Leaguers in exhibition games. He almost always won.

9. Because people liked to see him pitch. He pitched almost every day. While he was on

tour.

10. One year he won 104 games. During his career he pitched 55 no-hitters and won more

than 2,000 games.

11. He pitched his last game in the majors at the age of fifty-nine.

12. In 1971 he was the first African-American player. Who was voted into the Baseball Hall of

Fame in a special category for those. Who played in the old Negro Leagues.


1. Although Woody Guthrie had a hard life. His songs are filled with hope.

2. His autobiography, Bound for Glory, tells of this free-spirited man. Who saw boomtown oil

fields dry up and crops wither in the dust bowl.

3. Many people knew him only as the author of “This Land Is Your Land.” Which is often

treated as a second national anthem.

4. Because he was honest and would say what he thought. He was often out of work.

5. Cisco Houston said, “Woody is a man. Who writes two or three ballads before breakfast

every morning.”

6. The hobo, the migrant worker, the merchant marine, the sign painter, the labor agitator,

the musician in New York City with a hat on the sidewalk—Woody was a restless traveler.

Whose life was as varied as his song bag.

7. Some of his best songs are about his experience during the days of the Great Depression.

When he was an unofficial spokesperson for migrant workers in the West.

8. Arlo Guthrie, Woody’s son, achieved his own fame. While he carried on the folk music tradition of his father.

9. Woody’s song “Pretty Boy Floyd” was recorded by Bob Dylan. Who modeled his early style

on that of Woody and once referred to himself as a “Woody Guthrie jukebox.”

10. A simple farmer once said to a reporter, “I’ll always remember Woody as the man. Who

said, ‘Some men will rob you with a six-gun and some with a fountain pen. ’ ”


has1. Asia having many ethnic groups.

2. Including the Chinese, the Indians, the Arabs, the Turks, and the Jews.

Combine 1 and 2.

3. The Chinese have different groups.

4. Speaking many dialects.

Combine 3 and 4.

5. Although they have different dialects.

Combine 5 and 6; change the first period to a comma.

6. There is a national language.

7. A language called Mandarin.

Add 7 to 5 and 6.

8. Cultural differences exist in Taiwan.

OK is

9. The main difference being between the Chinese from the mainland and the Taiwanese.

10. Despite the differences, all Chinese have much culture in common.

OK

Exercise 5 Correcting Comma Splices and Run-Ons

1. CS optimism, but 2. RO winter, and 3. OK 4. RO winter, yet 5. CS branches, and 6. RO managing, for 7. CS food, so 8. CS winter, and 9. RO depressed, but10. RO help, and


1. CS alive, and 2. RO alive, for 3. CS preserved, and 4. CS College, but 5. RO armchair, and 6. RO instructions, so 7. CS College, but

8. RO 1924, and 9. CS too, and10. OK


1. RO After Jessie 2. RO Because the 3. CS Because Hitler 4. RO After Jesse 5. OK 6. RO After Owens 7. OK 8. OK 9. CS After Owens10. CS Although in

Exercise 8 Correcting Comma Splices and Run-On

__CS__ 1. Roberto Clemente grew up poor in Puerto Rico, he would become

rich and famous.

__RO__ 2. As a child he was determined to play baseball he used a tree limb to

slug an old tennis ball wrapped with yarn.

__CS__ 3. Clemente excelled in youth and sandlot teams, he signed a contract

to play professional baseball.

__CS__ 4. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates between 1955 and 1972, he was

once selected the Most Valuable Player and twice had the highest

hitting average in the National League.

__OK__ 5. Often regarded as the best right fielder of all time, he won twelve

Gold Gloves for his defensive play, and it was said he could throw

out runners from his knees.

__OK__ 6. Clemente said that he was taught good values by his family and that

he respected the poor because they had learned about life from their

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Although

suffering.

__CS__ 7. Clemente became wealthy, he always found time to help the less

fortunate.

__CS__ 8. He liked to take an active part in his humanitarian work, in 1972 he

decided to fly on an airplane he had chartered to take supplies to

earthquake victims in Nicaragua.

__RO__ 9. The airplane crashed all aboard were killed.

__RO__ 10. He was a great baseball player and a great human being many

schools and parks have been named after him.


__CS__1. Harry Houdini is often referred to as a magician, he was more

famous as an escapologist.

__CS__2. He initially performed card tricks and other common routines of

illusion, he developed some special non-escape acts.

__RO__

3. One of his spectacular non-escape acts was making an elephant and

its trainer disappear they were actually lowered into an empty

swimming pool under the stage.

__OK__4. Soon Houdini grew bored with conventional magic, and he

perfected some escape tricks.

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__CS__5. Houdini learned to swallow and then regurgitate keys and tools, he

could break free from restraints under water.

__RO__6. Houdini could also dislocate both shoulders at will he could escape

easily from a straitjacket.

__OK__

7. Houdini’s most famous trick involved the Chinese Water Torture

Cell, a steel and glass water-filled box in which he was chained and

suspended upside down.

__OK__8 As an active member of a group of skeptics, he exposed spiritualists

who claimed to contact the dead.

__CS__

9 He decided to put his beliefs to a test, shortly before his death, he

gave his wife a secret code and told her he would try to contact her

from the grave.

__CS__

10 Each Halloween night for a decade after he died, his wife and

friends met and waited for a signal from Houdini, she gave up,

saying, “Ten years is long enough to wait for any man.”


1. CS Dragster. It’s 2. RO gate. They 3. CS Japan. It 4. RO comparison. T 5. OK 6. CS feet. C 7. CS Japan. That 8. CS descent. You 9. RO degrees. As10. RO 2003. Thrill

Exercise 11 Correcting Fragments, Comma Splices, and Run-Ons

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; therefore,

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; then (or finally,)

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Deserts are often referred to as wastelands. Because it is true that not as many plants

grow there as in temperate zones, it is also true that animals do not live there in great numbers. But many plants and animals live and do quite well in the desert because of their adaptations.

Not all deserts have the same appearance, but many people think of the desert as a hot, sandy area. Actually sand covers only about twenty percent of the desert. Some deserts have mountains, whereas some others have snow.

Because deserts are dry for most of the year, plants must conserve and store water. Several kinds of cacti can shrink during a dry season and swell during a rainy season. Some shrubs simply drop their leaves and use their green bark to manufacture chlorophyll. Seeds sometimes lie in the desert for several years before sprouting to take advantage of a rainfall.

Animals have quite effectively adjusted to the desert; therefore, some animals obtain moisture from the food they eat and require no water. One animal of the desert, the camel, produces fat, which it stores in its hump. The fat allows the camel to reserve more body heat; consequently, it needs little water. Still other animals feed only at night or are inactive for weeks or even months.

About fifteen percent of the land of the earth is covered by deserts. That area increases every year because of overgrazing by livestock and because of the destruction of forests. Areas that were once green and fertile will now support little life and only a small population of human beings.

CHAPTER 8 Balancing Sentence PartsExercise 1 Identifying Signal Words and Parallel Elements

1. vicious, relentless, and inexplicable 6. separates . . . and is hated

2. family moves . . . , and they find 7. twin is . . . , and the other is

3. to make . . . and to ignore 8. embittered and vindictive

4. invited . . . but neglected 9. unreasoning, angry, and brutal

5. has . . . and has caused 10. crashes . . . and devours

Exercise 2 Identifying Combination Signal Words and Parallel Elements

1. not only robbed from the rich but also gave to the poor

2. Both Humphrey Bogart and Katharine Hepburn

3. either himself or Mr. Hyde

4. neither good job s nor compassion

5. either die . . . or g o

6. either develop . . . or g o

7. not only gets . . . but also goes

8. both who framed Roger and who is playing

9. not only heartaches but also . . . joy

10. either his dignity or his life

Exercise 3 Completing Sentences with Parallel Elements

Possible answers:

1. education. 6. an education.2. social contacts. 7. her mother would make it.3. math. 8. we will all be miserable.4. friend. 9. one for all.”5. a piece of fruit. 10. quit my job.

Exercise 4 Writing Sentences with Parallel Elements

Answers will vary.

CHAPTER 9 VerbsExercise 1 Community Dialects: Selecting Verbs

1. talk, talks 6. is, am2. talked, talked 7. are, were3. talked, talked 8. do, does4. walked, walked 9. have, have5. walk, walks 10. does, do

Exercise 2 Selecting Verbs

1. lost 6. ruined/put2. laid 7. cost/raise3. did/won 8. sit/liked4. became/ran 9. rose/headed5. eaten/served 10. knew/lusted


1. I wished I (stayed, had stayed) home.2. I remembered that I (paid, had paid) him twice.3. After parking their car, they (walk, walked) to the beach.4. I (have, had) never encountered a genius until I met her.5. I hoped that we (could have gone, went) to the big game.6. They know that they (will complete, will have completed) the job before the first snow.7. We (are considering, consider) the proposal.8. He told us of the interesting life he (had led, led).

9. We went to the desert to see the cabin they (built, had built).10. Tomorrow I (drive, will drive) to the supermarket for party items.


1. The scholars (worked, had worked) many hours before they solved the problem.2. The shipping clerks wished they (had sent, sent) the package.3. We (study, are studying) the issue now.4. We (decide, will decide) on the winner tomorrow.5. They reminded us that we (made, had made) the same promise before.6. Before she went to Mexico, Jill (had never been, never was) out of the country.7. Jake (had been napping, napped) when the alarm sounded.8. By the time he finished talking, he realized that he (said, had said) too much.9. At the end of the semester, the course grade (depends, will depend) on your ability to write

well.10. After he retired, I realized how much I (had learned, learned) from working with him.


1. lies 2. sets 3. rise 4. raise/ sit 5. rises 6. setting 7. laid 8. raise 9. lays10. rise/ lay

Exercise 6 Choosing Verb Tense

1. are studying 2. met 3. had fallen 4. were feuding/ hid 5. married/ planned 6. had decided 7. took 8. has/ had not been informed 9. committed/ stabbed10. will have

Exercise 7 Choosing Verb Tense

1. In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin (is saying, said) that compound interest was the “eighth wonder of the world.”

2. Today, taking advantage of compound interest (is, was) still one way to grow a fortune.3. I wish I (had, had been) started investing years ago.

4. If I (will have, could have) saved $2,000 per year from age 21 on, I (would have, would have had) over a million dollars now.

5. I (have, had) never realized this until I did the math.6. So I (have decided, could have been deciding) to begin investing money every month from

now on.7. Yesterday, I (determined, have determined) an amount I should save each week.8. I hope that you (will have considered, are considering) doing the same thing.9. By the time we’re ready to retire, we (were, may be) millionaires.10. Someday we (will worry, worried) about how to pay the bills.

Exercise 8 Using Verbs in Sentences

Answers will vary.

Exercise 9 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree

1. The result of the defendant’s corrupt business dealings (was, were) soon felt.2. The mayor and most citizens (was, were) deeply affected.3. There (was, were) no justification for the defendant’s behavior.4. Neither of the defendant’s parents (was, were) willing to defend him.5. Neither the judge nor the jury members (was, were) very sympathetic with the defense’s case.6. Ethics (was, were) apparently an unknown field of study to the defendant.7. Each and every day (was, were) consumed with intense debate.8. In the penalty phase, the judge said that ten years (was, were) the correct sentence.9. Then the judge added, “Fifty thousand dollars (is, are) the right sum for restitution.”10. The defendant, along with his attorney, (was, were) not pleased.

Exercise 10 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree

1. Even after the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans (is, are) the site of one of the most celebrated parties in the United States.

2. Though the event was temporarily scaled back, Mardi Gras (is, are) an event that refuses to die.

3. Mardi Gras, which means “Fat Tuesday,” (is, are) always forty-six days before Easter.4. But twelve days before that, the crowd (begins, begin) to grow.5. All of the bands in the state of Louisiana (converges, converge) on New Orleans.6. A visitor, along with just about all of the city’s residents, (enjoys, enjoy) nonstop jazz and

blues music.7. Cajun and Creole food (satisfies, satisfy) the revelers’ hungry appetites.8. There (is, are) numerous parades, but the best ones (occurs, occur) during the last five days

of the celebration.9. Each of the spectacular parade floats (is, are) decorated and (carries, carry) riders wearing

costumes.10. Four miles (is, are) the length of a typical parade route.11. Beads, coins, cups, and an occasional medallion (is, are) tossed from the floats into the

crowd.12. People who line the parade route (tries, try) to catch as many trinkets as they can.13. One float, the best of all of that parade’s floats, (wins, win) an award.14. Some of the most popular festivities, besides a good parade, (is, are) the masked balls.15. Every one of the costumes (is, are) outrageous and unique.16. Cajun Mardi Gras Masks (is, are) a book that will give you some ideas.17. The celebration (is, are) a happening of fun and frenzy.

18. After dark, there (is, are) fireworks in the night sky.19. Neither the participants nor the curious onlooker (wants, want) the party to end.20. (Is, Are) these days of merrymaking something you’d enjoy?

Exercise 11 Making Verbs Consistent in Tense

A trip to the dentist should not be a terrible experience—unless one goes to Dr. Litterfloss,

hascredit dentist. Although he graduated magna cum lately from Ed’s School of Dentistry, he had a

doesn’treputation for being one of the dirtiest and most careless dentists in the state. He didn’t even know

uses loseabout germs. He never used Novocain. He just spins the chair until his patients lost consciousness.

shoots missesThen he shot them with his x-ray gun from behind a lead wall. Sometimes he missed, and now

doesn’t workshis dental technician glows in the dark, so he didn’t need a light as he worked. While drilling

snackswith one hand, he snacked on Vienna sausages with the other. Stray alley cats and mangy curs fight doesn’t washesfought around his feet for food scraps, so he didn’t need a cleaning service. He seldom washed his

Black and Decker drill or Craftsman chisel, and he squirts tobacco juice into his spit sink. I recommendrecommended him only with strong reservation.

Exercise 12 Using Active and Passive Voice

1. P I’ll tell you a story.2. P A local ventriloquist experienced a tragedy the other day.3. P He was delighting hundreds of his fans at a local county fair performance.4. A5. A6. P7. P All three major television networks covered the story.8. P Thousands of curious folk viewed the scene of the mysterious combustion.9. P The publicity has made the ventriloquist a rich man.

10. P11. A

Exercise 13 Using Strong Verbs

1. My watch runs slowly. 6. Mr. Hawkins sells real estate.2. My computer costs little. 7. José attends Santa Ana College.3. The horse ran swiftly. 8. I like this assignment.4. They wrote well. 9. We students have succeeded here.

5. The dog sleeps on the bed. 10. She combs her hair.

Exercise 14 Using Strong Verbs

1. Babe Ruth hit many home runs. 2. The chef liked food. 3. I plan to graduate in two years. 4. John Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence. 5. Juanita organized the event. 6. She likes to cook. 7. Carl owned the restaurant. 8. Tiger Woods will win the tournament. 9. They loved each other.10. His passion for her died.

Exercise 15 Correcting Verb Problems

“Summary of The Old Man and the Sea”

hasSantiago, one of many local fishermen, have not caught a fish in eighty-four

believesdays. Young Manolin, despite the objections of his parents, has a belief in the old

sayman. His parents says Santiago is unlucky, and they will not let their son go fishing

with him.

sets catches usesThe next day Santiago sit sail. Soon he catch a small tuna, which he used for bait.

hits raiseThen a huge marlin hit the bait with a strike. The old man cannot rise the fish to the

pullssurface, and it pulled the boat throughout the rest of the day and during the night.

becomesDuring the second day, Santiago’s hand is injured by the line and he become

extremely tired, but he holds on. When the fish moves to the surface, Santiago is seen

notes that it was two feet longer than his skiff. It is the biggest fish he has ever saw. wonders

He thinks in wonder if he will be up to the task of catching it. With the line braced sleeps

across his shoulders, he sleeped for a while. As he dreams gloriously of lions and awakened

porpoises and of being young, he is awaken by the fish breaking water again, and lies

Santiago is sure the fish is tiring. He lays in the boat and waits. comes pulls

On the third day, the fish came to the surface. Santiago pull steadily on the line, he harpoons kills it He ties the fish

and finally it is harpooned and killed by Santiago. The fish is tied to the skiff by him. attack

But sharks attacked and mutilate the huge marlin. Using an oar, he beats on the sharks strip

courageously with all his strength, but they strips the fish to a skeleton.returns

With the bones still tied to the skiff, the exhausted old man returned to shore.

Other fishermen and tourists marvel at the eighteen-foot skeleton of the fish as the lies knows

old man lays asleep. The young boy knew he has much to learn from the old man and

is determined to go fishing with him.

Exercise 16 Writing Sentences with Correct Verbs

Sentences will vary.

CHAPTER 10 PronounsExercise 1 Selecting Pronouns

1. (Who, Whom) is next in line for the throne?2. (Who, Whom) should we call if we need help assembling our new antigravity machine?3. We all know (who, whom) put the superglue on the boss’s chair.4. With (who, whom) are you dancing next?5. The sailor (who, whom) swabbed the deck did an excellent job.6. When her husband suggested that it would be fun to host a party for one hundred of their

closest friends, she replied, “Fun for (who, whom)?”7. (Who, Whom) did you marry in Las Vegas’ drive-thru wedding chapel?8. The contestant (who, whom) tripped on her evening gown and fell still managed to win first

runner-up.9. He will call the plumber, (who, whom) will know what to do.10. “What you know is not as important as (who, whom) you know,” he confided.

Exercise 2 Selecting Pronouns

1. She/ I 2. We 3. her 4. who 5. who 6. whom 7. Who 8. who 9. whoever10. me


1. me 6. who2. me 7. whom3. who 8. me4. I 9. who5. who 10. who, who


1. me 6. who2. me 7. she, her3. who, who 8. who4. me 9. me5. whom 10. me

Exercise 5 Selecting Pronouns: Person, Gender, and Number

1. The man which founded Tree Climbers International likes to go out on limbs as often as possible.

2. Everyone will now pause to offer their thanks to the man who invented the air conditioner.

3. The savvy airboat rider keeps their mouth closed to avoid eating bugs.

4. The individual which was abducted by aliens promises to tell all in her upcoming book.

5. People which live in stone houses should not throw glass.

6. Practically every person is bothered by their particular pet peeve.

7. Around these parts, the wooly worm is thought to predict the severity of the upcoming winter by

the thickness of their coat.

8. In the summer, a cricket can reveal the temperature if you count the number of their chirps over

15 seconds.

9. Someone which adds thirty-seven to the number of the cricket’s chirps will know exactly how hot

it is in degrees Fahrenheit.

who

his or her

who

who

his or her

its

its

who

his or her

10. So far, the only thing the cockroach has been able to reveal is the lack of success of the

restaurant they call home.

Exercise 6 Selecting Pronouns: Person, Gender, and Number

1. they, us 6. they2. they 7. its3. their 8. its4. their 9. his5. their 10. their

Exercise 7 Selecting Pronouns: Reference and Agreement

1. which a practice that 2. they the staff members 3. you she 4. they didn’t answer no one answered 5. it the display 6. It says in the the newspaper says 7. which a habit that 8. that he already possessed the thing he craved most “You already possess the thing you crave most.” 9. They Race fans10. that he may have given up on love too soon “I may have given up on love too soon.”

Exercise 8 Writing Sentences with Correct Pronouns

Answers will vary.

CHAPTER 11 Adjectives and AdverbsExercises 1, 2, and 3 Using Adjectives and Adverbs

Answers will vary.

Exercise 4 Selecting Adjectives and Adverbs

1. most 2. really 3. hardly 4. badly/ really 5. well 6. best 7. real 8. hardly

it calls

9. bad10. most


Correct any problems with adjectives and adverbs in the following sentences.

1. After her eighth cup of coffee, she is one of the most liveliest women in the office.

2. He wanted the fry cook job real bad, but his interview didn’t go good.

3. As he strolled through Bronco Bob’s Bar and Boot Shop, he knew that he had never seen a more

perfect setting for a square dance.

4. He was real sorry for eating her artistic masterpiece, so he offered his sincere apologies.

5. Of the two weightlifters, Carlos is best at clean-and-jerk lifts.

6. She looks well in Spandex and sequins.

7. After her divorce, she finally felt happily.

8. The skater fell during every one of her jumps, so she performed pretty bad.

9. My baby cries louder than that baby.

10. In a blind taste test, most consumers said that Squirt was the better of the three leading brands of

imitation cheese food.


1. really/ good 2. any 3. not 4. oddest 5. most 6. really 7. strangest 8. well 9. best/ fastest10. more

good

really badly

^

well.

^

best

^

more loudly

^

^

^

really

nearly

^

^

badly

better

^

happy.

^

Exercise 7 Correcting Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers

D 1. Driving through the Brazilian ran forest, we spotted leafcutter ants going

about their work. M 2. This tribe of ants is one of the few creatures that grow food on this planet. M 3. Leafcutter ants cleverly learned to farm over 50 million years ago.D 4. Climbing trees, the ants cut down the leaves and bite them into the

shape of half moons. M 5. Then, each ant hoists a leaf, weighing ten times more than it does,

and carries it back down the tree toward the nest.M 6. Marching home with their leaves, the ants resemble a parade of fluttering green flags.M 7. Carried into the subterranean tunnels of the nest, the cargo is deposited

by the leafcutters.M 8. Taking over, the gardeners ants clean, clip, and spread the leaves with

secretions from their bodies.M 9. The ants place fungus on the hunk s of leaves, lined up in neat rows.M10. Cultivated for good, the ants’ fungus garden is fertilized by the leaves.

Exercise 8 Writing Sentences with Correct Modifiers

__ M __ 1. I observed the parade of floats and marching bands on the rooftop.

On the rooftop, I observed the parade of floats and marching bands.

__ D __ 2. Flat busted, my piano had to be pawned for cash.

Flat busted, I had to pawn my piano for cash.

__ M __ 3. The alleged burglar addressed the judge on his knees.

On his knees, the alleged burglar addressed the judge.

__ M __ 4. Freshly snared from the ocean floor, he enjoyed the delicious lobster.

He enjoyed the delicious lobster, freshly snared from the ocean floor.

__ M __ 5. Wearing a strapless velvet evening gown, Bob thought his wife looked

ravishing.

Bob thought his wife, wearing a strapless velvet evening gown, looked

ravishing.

__ M __ 6. The student asked to see the school nurse with a sore throat.

The student with a sore throat asked to see the school nurse.

__ M __ 7. The lost child held on tight to the detective crying for his mommy.

Crying for his mommy, the lost child held on tight to the detective.

__ D __ 8. Cursing like a longshoreman, the baby finally arrived after her thirty-

record holder sixth hour of labor.

After thirty-six hours of labor, the woman cursed like a longshoreman

as the baby finally arrived.

__ D __ 9. By jumping on a trampoline, your heart gets a good cardiovascular

workout.

By jumping on a trampoline, you give your heart a good

cardiovascular workout.

__ M __ 10. The outlaw phoned his granny in a pickle.

In a pickle, the outlaw phoned his granny.

Exercise 9 Writing Sentences with Adjectives and Adverbs

Answers will vary.

CHAPTER 12 Punctuation and CapitalizationExercise 1 Using Commas

1. Frankenstein, . . . October 3, 1818, . . . gifted, 11. lightly, . . . monster, . . . troubled,

2. university, 12. loudly,3. theory, . . . living, 13. fever,

4. Victor, . . . process, 14. illness,5. parts, 15. befuddlement,6. articles, 16. walking, . . . strange,7. items, 17. creature,8. strange, 18. after, . . . rest,9. tall, . . . wide, 19. monster,

10. creature, . . . hideous, 20. self-pity,

Exercise 2 Using Commas

1. monster, . . . desperate, 11. anticipation,2. house, 12. project,3. simple, 13. say, . . . unexpected,4. however, 14. away,5. monster, . . . dejected, 15. married, . . . fully, . . . enraged,6. innocent, . . . brother, 16. wedding, . . . horrified,7. horror, 17. killing the monster,8. demands, 18. desolate, . . . North,9. him, 19. visit,

10. away, . . . parts, 20. friend, love, . . . soul, and, therefore,

Exercise 3 Using Semicolons and Commas

1. Cyberella; 14. correspondent; he, therefore,2. raucously, . . . computer, 15. necessary; moreover,3. button; therefore, 16. Southwest,4. Internet, 17. Amarillo, Texas; Tucumcari, New Mexico;5. education; naturally, Tulsa, Oklahoma; and Window Rock,6. opportunity; however, 18. Igor; however,7. Web; . . . 19. instructions; of course,8. Prince”; princess, 20. Cool4aday, . . . elated; therefore, . . . 9. Transylvania; in fact, holiday, . . . glee,

10. room; 21. Asked, or ; . . . response, said, “No,11. hour; or , . . . thought, 22. very very nice, . . . asked,12. heart; therefore, 23. “Yes,” . . . printer,13. question; . . . strike, . . . dark, 24. after, . . . while; . . . palace, . . . test,

Exercise 4 Using Quotation Marks and Italics

1. Professor Jones said, “Now we will read from The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe.”

2. The enthusiastic students shouted, “We like Poe! We like Poe!”

3. The professor lectured for fifty-seven minutes before he finally said, “In conclusion, I say

that Poe was an unappreciated writer during his lifetime.”

4. The next speaker said, “I believe that Poe said, ‘A short story should be short enough so that

a person can read it in one sitting.’”

5. Then, while students squirmed, he read “The Fall of the House of Usher” in sixty-eight

minutes.

6. “Now we will do some reading in unison,” said Professor Jones.

7. The students were not pleased that they would be reading only the word nevermore from

“The Raven.”

8. The professor reached into his bag of props, took out a dark, feathered object, and said, “I

have brought a stuffed raven.”

9. “That’s not a raven. That’s a crow,” said a student who was majoring in ornithology.

10. The professor waggled his finger playfully at his audience and said, “I believe Coleridge

once observed, ‘Art sometimes requires the willing suspension of disbelief.’”

Exercise 5 Using Correct Punctuation and Capital Letters

Will Rogers (1879-1935) was a famous movie star, newspaper writer, and lecturer. A part-Cherokee Indian, he was born in what was then Indian Territory before Oklahoma became a state. He is especially known for his humor and his social and political criticism. He said, “My ancestors may not have come over on the Mayflower, but they met ‘em at the boat.” He said that when many Oklahomans moved to California in the early l1030s, the average IQ increased in both states. In his early years, he was a first-class performer in rodeos, circuses, and variety shows. When he performed in variety shows, he often twirled a rope. He usually began his presentations by saying, “All I know is what I read in the papers.” Continuing to be close to his Oklahoma roots, he appeared in fifty-on silent movies and twenty-one talking movies. At the age of fifty-six, he was killed in an airplane crash near Point Barrow, Alaska. He was so popular and influential that his statue now stands in Washington, D.C. On another statue of his in Claremore, Oklahoma, is inscribed one of his most famous sayings: “I never met a man I didn’t like.”

Exercise 6

Jack (Jackie) Roosevelt Robinson 1919–1972 was born in Pasadena California. After excelling in

sports in high school and community college he transferred to UCLA, where he lettered in four

sports baseball, basketball, football, and track. In world war II he was commissioned second

lieutenant in the army. After he was discharged he joined the negro league as a player with the

Kansas City Monarchs for $100 a week. In 1947 he was offered a tryout with the Brooklyn dodgers.

Before no African Americans had been allowed to participate in the minor or major leagues. After

signing a contract, Jackie Robinson was sent to the minor leagues and there he played for one year

with Montreal a team in the International League. Following a year in which he was the best hitter

in the league he was brought up to the major leagues. During the first year 1947 he showed his

greatness and was named the rookie of the year. Two years later he was the most valuable player in

the national league and won the batting title with a .342 average. Despite the initial bigoted

opposition by some baseball fans and players he performed with dignity courage and skill.

Nevertheless he was an independent proud person. In the book Players of Cooperstown Mike Tully

wrote he Robinson refused to be someone he was not, refused to conform to an image of a man who

‘knew his place.’ Because sports is such a high profile activity Jackie Robinson is credited with

playing a significant role in breaking down the racial barriers in society. In his ten years in the major

leagues he helped his team reach the world series six times. He was inducted into the Baseball hall

of fame in 1962.

Exercise 7 Writing Sentences with Correct Punctuation

Answers will vary.

( )

R

N

Y V PM

^L

,̂

,̂ ,̂

,̂ ,̂ ,̂

,̂

^ ^^”

S

^

^^^

W H

F

^

,̂

,̂ ,̂,̂

“

^

N L

,̂^

,̂

:̂

WW

,̂ D

,̂

,̂

,̂

[ ]

,̂

CHAPTER 13 Spelling and Commonly Confused WordsExercise 1 Using Correct Spelling

Professor Pufnagel was torturing his English students once again, and he familiar role assistance

relished his familar evil roll. “Today, class, we will write without the assistence prescription

of computers. In fact, never again will we use them in this class. They are a perscription laziness too a lotfor lazyness. And they make life to easy for alot of you.”

professor stressingThe profesor lectured the students for an hour, stresing that when he was in

environment extolled writingschool, there were no computers in his enviroment. He extoled the virtues of writting

pencils dependablewith little yellow pensils, fountain pens, and solid, dependible typewriters. He went

on with his ranting, listing computer games, television sets, frozen foods, plastic wrap,aspirin similar ledasperin, and Velcro as similiar and familiar negative forces that had lead society to its truly pitifulit’s truely sorry state. “You are nothing but a pityful pack of party people, and you receivewill recieve no sympathy from me,” he sputtered. Grabbing a student’s laptop

athletecomputer, Pufnagel reared back and, like an athalete, hurled it against the wall. In

shiningthe corner of the classroom lay a pile of high-tech junk, once fine shinning machines,

awfulnow just garbage—smashed in a senseless, aweful war against technology.

stared embarrassed theirThe students starred in embarassed amazement at there professor, who was

nervousdeveloping a nervious twitch. His mouth began twisting and contorting as his limbs

jerked with the helter-skelter motion of a tangled marionette. He clutcheddesperately pourdesparately at his throat, and smoke began to poor out of his ears and neck. UnconsciousUnconsious, he crashed to the floor with a clatter.

One of the students, who had just taken a CPR class, rushed forward and

attempted to revive the fallen educator. As the student pounded with a catchy raprhythm heardrhythem on the chest of his stricken teacher, everyone herd a loud pop and sizzle.

poppedIt was a door in Pufnagel’s chest, which had poped open to reveal the complex

electrical control panel of a short-circuited cyborg! then governmentJust than a security team in white jumpsuits from student goverment entered the

rolledclass, carefully deposited Pufnagel on a wheelbarrow, and roled him out to the Faculty

Service Center. Ladies

A few minutes later a Professor Ramirez arrived. “Ladys and gentlemen,” she it’s previous

said, “its time to start your search engines. Your prevous professor’s mainframe is

down, but I’m his substitute and mine is fine, fine, fine, fine, fine, fine, fine, fine,

fine, fine. . . .”

Exercise 2 Spelling Confusing Words

1. hear 11. already2. than 12. chose3. their 13. receive4. through 14. quite5. piece 15. could have6. all right 16. lose7. passed 17. it’s8. too 18. accept9. advice 19. know

10. a lot 20. paid

Exercise 3 Spelling Confusing Words

1. all right 11. truly2. peace 12. weather3. receive 13. advise4. then 14. accept5. thorough 15. a lot6. quiet 16. choose7. patients 17. it’s8. altogether could have 18. two9. led 19. there

10. grammar 20. written

Exercise 4 Avoiding Wordy Phrasing

1. together 2. in the near future soon 3. As a matter of fact In fact 4. in my heart that

5. due to the fact that because 6. In this modern world Now of the 7. for the reason that because 8. At the present time Now 9. in the near future soon10. personally

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