Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of...
-
Upload
shannon-wilkerson -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of...
![Page 1: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AnnouncementsExam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon
C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch 7 Ch 8 (pp. 204-215: material covered in lecture) Selected material from Ch 21 (antibiotics).
![Page 2: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Announcements
After Hours Passes- You must: Have a pass with your name listed. Have your student ID. Must have another Micro Student to accompany
you & he/she must have a pass. No one is permitted in the lab by themselves.
Call Security to let you into the Science building & into Room 203.
![Page 3: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Regulation of the lac operon: Repression
Conditions: No lactose.
Repressor: constitutively
expressed.
lacZlacYlacAlacIP O
mRNA
transcription
translation
Repressor protein
binds operator preventing txn of lac.
Repressor active, operon off.
![Page 4: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Regulation of the lac Operon : Induction.
Conditions: + lactose
Lactose is transported into the cell.allolactose = inducer.
lacZlacYlacAlacIP O
mRNA
transcription
translation
Repressor protein
allactoselacZ Y & A can be expressed.
![Page 5: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Diauxic Growth Curve:
Lactose is present the entire time…… why is it not inducing the lac operon when glucose present?
![Page 6: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Catabolite Repression: lac
operon
Key Players:Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP)- [cAMP
receptor protein (CRP)]
ActivatorGlobal regulator-
CAP activity is impacted by the level of glucose! HOW?
![Page 7: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Glucose level indicator molecule:
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)- a signal to tell the cell how much glucose is present.
High glucose- decreased synthesis of cAMP; [cAMP]
Low glucose- increased synthesis of cAMP; [cAMP].
![Page 8: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
cAMP = inducer for CAP
![Page 9: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Catabolite Repressio
n: lac operon
Fig. 7.19; p. 185
![Page 10: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Alternative mechanisms for gene regulation:
![Page 11: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Two Component Regulatory Systems:
A signal transduction mechanism used by bacteria to respond to external environmental factors.
![Page 12: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nitrate regulation system in E. coli.
Extracellular sensor domain
Intracellular transmitter domain- protein kinase
![Page 13: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
"The emergence of bacteria with antibiotic resistance threatens to return us to the era before
the development of antibiotics."
The Dilemma of Bacteria Fighting Back
![Page 14: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How prevalent is antibiotic resistance?
![Page 15: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Antibiotic resistance: example of genetic change & exchange!
Staphylococcus aureus & Enterococcus faecalis are primary culprits for Hospital acquired infections:
1988- Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus recognized in US!
1997- Vancomycin resistance in MRSA documented in the US.
2002- VRSA reported to be completely resistant!
![Page 16: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Is Antiobiotic resistance limited to Staphylococcus & Enterococcus?
![Page 17: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Is Antiobiotic resistance limited to Staphylococcus & Enterococcus?
Table 12A from Talaro, Foundations in Microbiology.
![Page 18: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Is antibiotic spread from one species to another limited to Staph &
Enterococcus?
Fig. 12.14 from Talaro, “Foundations in Microbiology”.
![Page 19: Announcements Exam 3: All material covered since exam 2 including: Fermentation & categories of microbes based upon C and energy sources (Ch 4 & 6) Ch.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649dfe5503460f94ae6392/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Is antibiotic spread from one species to another limited to Staph &
Enterococcus?
Fig. 12.14 from Talaro, “Foundations in Microbiology”.