Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20
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Transcript of Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20
AP History Exam Study Guide
By Will Erickson
Chapter 1!
Aztecs
• Great mathematicians, made numerous human sacrifices, and built elaborate cities for lack of simple technology
Corn/ Maize
• Critical to early life
• Turned nomads into settlers
• Persuaded Spain to give him 3 tiny ships, where he ventured west and ran into Bahamas (was looking for Indies, but found Americas)
Christopher Columbus
• Plants to Old World: Tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and potatoes
• Animals to New World: Cows, pigs, and horses
• Germs to New World: Smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria (90% killed by germs)
• To Caribbean: Sugar Cane
Columbian Exchange
Treaty of Tordesillas
• Divided Americas into 2 for Portugal and Spain
• Entered Tenochititlan amazed by its beauty , later captured it and introduced his culture
Hernan Cortes
Chapter 2!
• Created colony in North Carolina
Sir Walter Raleigh
• England’s FIRST colony, later vanished
Roanoke Island
3 Things Needed To Colonize
• 1: Popular Monarch• 2: Religious Unity• 3: Nationalism
• Only eldest sons could inherit land
Primogeniture
• Allowed younger siblings chance for land
Joint-Stock Company
Surplus Population
• England was very overcrowded
• Colonized in North America for gold
Virginia Company of London
• Virginia Company of England’s colony
• Nasty conditions
Jamestown
• 1: Disease 2: Disorganization 3: Disposability
Three D’s
Tobacco/ John Rolfe
• John Rolfe: Saved economy and tobacco industry
• First government in colony
House of Burgesses
• Protected Catholics from Protestants
Act Of Toleration
• Reduced risk of slave rebellion
Barbados Slave Code
Georgia
• Savannah helped Georgia become 13th colony
Chapter 3!
John Calvin
• Leader who expanded on Martin Luther’s thoughts
• Most devout Christians would only admit Visible Saints
Visible Saints
• Agreement signed to hold government
• Colonies settled in Plymouth Bay without authority
Mayflower Compact
• 70,000 refugees left England (1630’s)
Great Migration
• Questioned legality of colony’s charter
• Williams was forced to leave colony
• Built 1st Baptist Church (Religious Freedom)
• Built settlements in Rhode Island
Roger Williams
• Constitution for Connecticut river colony
Fundamental Orders
• New settlement• Goal: Grand Seaport
New Haven
New England Confederation
• 4 colonies founded to defend enemies
• Goal: Make trade more efficient• Smuggling= Result
English Navigation Laws
Dominion of New England
• Included NY, East + West NJ
• Blow to Massachusetts
• Navigation laws- weakly enforced
Salutary Neglect
Pennsylvania/ Penn
• Quakers arise in mid 1600’s• William Penn- earns large amount of land
(Pennsylvania)
Chapter 4!
Women/ Chesapeake
• Settlers faced many diseases• Life Expectancy down• Immigrants mainly men (6:1 Ratio)
Indentured Servants
• Tobacco labor up
• White slaves worked for certain amount of money and time
Headright System
• Whoever paid the passage of a servant acquired 50 acres of land
• Nathaniel Bacon fed up with Gov. Berkley
• Bacon + other men attacked Indians and Berkley
• Bacon dies (disease) and Berkley returns and murders followers
Bacon’s Rebellion
• The voyage to Americas from Africa
Middle Passage
• Social Structure Ladder…
• Rich Planters (owned slaves + land)
• Small farmers (1-2 slaves)
• Landless whites (Indentured Servants)
• Black Slaves
Southern Social Structure
Salem
• 20 people killed after being accused of being a witch
• Proud national trait of New England
Yankee Ingenuity
Chapter 5!
Ethnic Makeup
• America: Melting Pot• Germans: 6%• Scots/Irish: 7%• Other Euro Countries: .5%• Africa: 20%• Most mixed in world
• America= Opportunity• Started to look more
like Europe• Black slaves- No Rights
Social Structure vs. Great Britain
Workaday America
• 90% of people- Agriculture
• Fishing, commerce, manufacturing, lumbering, and naval stores
• Trade routes with West Indies, North America, England, and Africa
Triangular Trade
Molasses Act
• 1733- Reduced trade between America and West Indies
• Walked 9 days giving word of Declaration of Independence
Benjamin Franklin
• Social place for all statuses
Taverns
Religion & Location
• Church of England: Official religion of 6 colonies
• Religion- Down• Jonathan Edwards: Stated
the need for complete dependence on God’s grace
• Three lasting effects– # Of Churches: Up– Encouraged missionary work
among Indians and some slaves
– 1st spontaneous mass movement of America
Great Awakening
Schools & Religion
• New England most interested in education
• Mostly male leaders were educated
• Emphasis: Religion and Language
• Reported on government being corrupt, almost jailed
• Achievement for reporter’s freedom
John Peter Zenger
• Appointed by King
• Appointed by themselves
• Themselves under self-governing charters
3 Types Of Colonies
Chapter 6!
• Quebec founded in Canada
• French gain complete control over New France
• Valuable resource = beaver
• French goal- block Spain
New France
• England destroyed France and Spain, rewarded land
• Spanish commander cuts off ENG captain’s ear, sends it to King
Result of wars in N.A.
• England: ventured westward• France: Link Canada + Mississippi Valley
Ohio Valley
Congress of Albany
• Only 7 of 13 delegates (colonies) show up
• Goal: Greater colonial unity, bolter defense against France
• Fought around world
• Frederick the Great- Defeated French, Austrian, + Russian armies
• France- Wasted strength
Seven Years’ War
Proclamation of 1763
• Prohibited settlement beyond Appalachians Mountains
Chapter 7!
• Wealth- Power• Gold- More exported then imported
Mercantilism
• Aimed at Dutch, trying to trade in America
Navigation Laws
Sugar Act
• Increased duty on sugar imported from West Indies
• Required America to supply food and housing to troops
Quartering Act
• Tax on most paper items
Stamp Act
Stamp Act Congress
• 27 delegates (9 colonies) going to repeal Stamp Act
• Reaffirmed England had right to bind colonies in all cases
Declaratory Act
Townshend Act
• Small import tax, colonists still enraged
Boston Massacre
• Colonists fired upon by ENG soldiers
First Continental Congress
• 12 colonies met to discuss colonial grievances
• England troops kill 8 Americans at Lexington, but cut off in/at Concord
• ENG + U.S.A officially at war
Lexington & Concord
• POSITIVES– Population: 3-1 over U.S.
• NEGATIVES– Cockiness– 2nd rate generals– No desire to kill colonists
Positives/ Negatives of ENG
• POSITIVES– G. Washington + Ben.
Frank.- Great leaders– Fighting for freedom
• NEGATIVES– Soldiers- Disorganized
Positives/Negatives of U.S.
Chapter 8!
Olive Branch Petition
• 1775- Avoided war with England• Reaffirmed America’s faith to England
• Thomas Paine• Argued for
American freedom from England
• Written so that common people could understand
Common Sense
• Declared that 13 British colonies were now independent
• Primarily written by Thomas Jefferson
Declaration Of Independence
• Americans won• Turning point for U.S.
Saratoga
• American + French forces force English surrender
Yorktown
• Ended Revolutionary War
• America gained freedom
Treaty Of Paris
Chapter 9!
• Separated church and state• Written by Thomas Jefferson
VA Statute For Religious Freedom
Republican Motherhood
• The crucial role of women in a free America
State Constitutions
• Created to govern states, writers worked tirelessly
Lack of Trading• England: Made own goods• America couldn’t trade with England
or French West Indies
• Written constitution for U.S.
• States get land
• Each state= 1 vote
Articles of Confederation
• Territorial stages, 60,000 people = state• Path to Statehood
Northwest Ordinance
Articles of Confederation
• +: Form of government, outlined constitution
• -: No power to regulate commerce, tax collection program
• NW land bought- National Debt
Land Ordinance
Ugly Duckling
• U.S. + ENG: Tension
• ENG: Kept trading posts in U.S.
• Spain: Claimed north of Gulf of Mexico + Florida
• French- Wanted debts payed off
• Farmers demanded lighter taxes
• Daniel Shay raised small army
• Rebellion crushed
Shay’s Rebellion
• Fear of mass public disorder
Mobocracy
• Held in Philadelphia• Saved by Alexander
Hamilton• Held in secrecy• Each state= 1 vote• Meant to agree on
Constitution
Constitutional Convention
• Most delegates- lawyers• 55 Delegates• All rich, young, but experienced• Goals: Preserve union, ensure security of life
C.C. Delegate Make-Up
Small/Large State Plan
• “Large State” Plan: Both houses should be based on population
• “Small State” Plan: Equal representation in population + size
• Equal representation
• 2 senators/ state
Great Compromise
Electoral College
• Elects the president
• Slavery citizenship debated
• 3/5th of a vote per slave
3/5th Compromise
“We The People”
• First words of constitution
• Anti-Federalists: Opposed stronger fed. gov’t • Federalists: Influence of- rich-
Anti vs. Federalists
• In favor of Constitution
• Supported federalists
Federalist Papers
Ratification Process
• Bitter, riots erupted in NY + Penn• 4 final states join
Chapter 10!
• Doubled• Cities emerge + grew
Population/ 25 Years
• Not in Constitution• Evolved by George
Washington• Members: Thomas
Jefferson (secr. of state), Alexander Hamilton (treasury), and Henry Knox (War)
The Cabinet
Rural/ Urban Population
• Rural: 90%
• Organized Supreme Court
• Chief Justice- John Jay + 5 Associates
Judiciary Act of 1789
• Protection for freedom of religion, speech, press, bear arms, trial by jury, and prevent cruel punishment
Bill Of Rights
• Federal government paid off debt at face value + interest
Hamilton/ “funding at par”
Customs Duties/ Excise Tax
• How to get/collect money? – Taxes • 1791- Excise Tax: domestic items (whiskey)
• Government- major stockholder + print $• Useful, but constitutional?
Bank of the U.S.
• Strict Constructionist: Interpret constitution literally (Thomas Jefferson)
• Loose Constructionist: Loose and broad interpretation of constitution (Alexander Hamilton)
Strict vs. Loose Constructionism
Whiskey Rebellion
• SW Pennsylvania• Tarred + Feathered
revenue officers• Collections came
to a halt• 13,000 citizens
rally to crush rebellion
Reign of Terror
• French king killed, church attacked
• Daily hangings• French
Revolution
• U.S. neutral to war in France• Self- Interest
Neutrality Proclamation
• Native Americans defeated, give up land
Fallen Timbers
• U.S. gives $20,000 and hunting rights
Treaty of Greenville
• England: Left posts, paid ship damage
• America: Paid off Pre-Revolution debts (merchants)
Jay’s Treaty
• U.S. + Spain• America
gained Florida and Mississippi
Pickney’s Treaty
XYZ Affair
• Secret French officials demand $32 million
• $250,000 just to speak with French foreign minister
• Peace between France + U.S.• Back to normal (ships, $, etc.)
Convention of 1800
• Alien Laws- President could deport illegal immigrants, never enforced
• Sedition Act- Reduced freedom of speech + press, deface law= fine and/or prison
Alien & Sedition Act
• Right to refuse laws
• No other states agree, 1803 adopted by Supreme Court
Nullification
Federalist vs. Dem-Repubs
Chapter 11!
• James Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
Election of 1800
• Reduced citizenship to 5 years in country
• Replaced Alien Laws
Naturalization Law- 1802
Excise Tax Repeal
• $1 Million in revenue
Candidate T.J. vs. President T.J.
• Contradicts himself• 2 of him: 1) Scholarly private citizen 2)
Harassed public officials
• Created 16 new judges + offices
• *Judicial Review*
Judiciary Act Of 1801
• Chief Justice• Shaped U.S. legal traditions
John Marshall
• Madison sued for delivery of commission• “Judicial Review”
Marbury vs. Madison
Barbary States• Pirates
raided U.S. ships
• Tripoli declared war on U.S. (1801)
• U.S. quickly won
• $15 Million for land
• Napoleon needed money + couldn’t maintain land
Louisiana Purchase
• Sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore acquired land
Lewis And Clark
• Closed Euro ports in French control
Orders In Council
• Forbid export of goods
• U.S. or foreign
Embargo Act
• Reopened trade with all nations except for Great Britain and France
Non-Intercourse Act
• Reopened trade w/ world, if ENG + France repealed commerce restraints
Macon’s Bill No. 2
• William Harrison + army become heroes• Tecumseh- alliance with ENG
Battle Of Tippecanoe
Chapter 12!
Battle of the Thames
• General Harrison defeats England
• U.S. defends own soil
Plattsburgh
• 10,000 ENG prepared to invade NY
• U.S. managed to win on floating slaughterhouses (waterway)
• Francis Scott Key- Detained on ENG ship, wrote Star Spangled Banner
• Fort McHenry- Hit by ENG cannons, not captured
Francis Scott Key/ Fort McHenry
• U.S. wanted the city
• ENG- overconfident
• U.S. + Andrew Jackson won
New Orleans
• ENG + U.S.- cease fighting, no grievances
Treaty Of Ghent
Hartford Convention
• NE states meet on grievances
• Tension high, succession neared
• ENG/U.S.- Limited navies on lakes
Rush-Bagot Agreement
Nationalism
• Pride in one’s country
• Network of roads and canals
• Brought country together economically, socially, and politically
American System
• Completed in 1825 in New York
Erie Canal
• Happy phase under Pres. James Monroe
Era Of Good Feelings
• Deflation, depression, bankruptcies, unemployment, bank failures, soup kitchens, + debtors prison
Panic of 1819
• Pushed to the wall + foreclosed farms
“Wildcat” Banks
Ohio Fever
• Cheap land out west
• Appealed to Euro immigrants
• Ran from Maryland to Illinois
Cumberland Road
• Buyer could buy 80 acres of land for $1.25 an acre
Land Act Of 1820
• No more slaves could be brought into Missouri slaveholders
Tallmadge Amendment
• Missouri- slave state
• Maine- free state
• 36’30”- Missouri Compromise line
Missouri Compromise
• Maryland tried to destroy Bank of the U.S. by taxing its notes
• John Marshall defends bank
McColluch vs. Maryland
Cohens vs. Virginia
• Cohens accused of illegally selling lottery tickets
Gibbons vs. Ogden• NY tried to
grant monopoly of waterborne commerce between NY + NJ
Fletcher vs. Peck
• Georgia granted 35 million acres to private speculators
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
• Questioned charter of college by King George III
• America shared Newfoundland with England for fishing
• 10 year joint of Oregon country
Treaty Of 1818
• Spain gives Florida to U.S. for claims of Texas
Florida Purchase Treaty
• Stern warning to European powers– No colonization– Nonintervention
Monroe Doctrine
• Restricted Russia’s advancement (Alaska)
Russo-American Treaty of 1824
Chapter 13!
• Full of presidential candidates, all leaders
• No candidate won the majority
Corrupt Bargain
John Quincy Adams As President
• Sarcastic, tactless, brilliant in foreign affairs
• Best secretary of state, worst president
• Rewarding political supporters with political positions
Spoils System
• Every man is as good as his neighbor
• Each generation deserved its turn
Jacksonian Democracy
• Southern states protest
• Very high tariff
Tariff Of 1828
• Aborted slave rebellion in Charleston
Denmark Vesey
• Tried to get 2/3rd vote for nullification in South Carolina legislation
Nullies
• 1832- Passed by Congress, fell short of South demands
• 1833- Favored by South
Tariff Of 1832 + 1833
Force Bill
• Authorized president to use army and navy to collect taxes
• Indian journey to Oklahoma and West
• Many died
Trail Of Tears
Removal Act
• Removed all Native Americans east of Mississippi river
Seminole Indians• Retreated to
Everglades (Florida swamps)
• Fought for 7 years until leader was captured + surrendered
• Clay + Webster showed Congress bill to renew Bank Of U.S. charter
Bank War
Nicholas Biddle/ Biddle’s Panic
• Biddle- desperate
• Tried to create crisis by calling in Bank’s loans
Pet Banks/ Wildcat Banks
• Surplus funds placed in numerous state institutions
• Pet Banks- Where the $ was placed
• Wildcat Banks- Fly-by-night consisted of a few chairs and a suitcase full of printed notes
• Required all public land to be purchased with metallic (“hard”) money
Specie Circular
• Inflation high after 2nd Bank of U.S.
• Specie Circular
Panic of 1837
Divorce Bill
• Divorced government from banking altogether
• Pioneers who led Texas independence for U.S.
Austin/ Crockett/ Bowie/ Houston
Alamo
• Pivotal battle in the Texas Revolution
• Mexico defeated
• Martin Van Buren vs. William Henry Harrison
• Dems-Repubs/ Whigs
• Harrison won
Election Of 1840
• Favored renewed bank, protective tariffs, and public school
Whigs
Chapter 14!
Life On The Frontier
• Grim, poorly fed, bad housing, and seclusion
• Dependent on neighbors
Fur Trappers/ Rendezvous
• Fur traders began to feel pressured
• Rendezvous- Huge meeting with traders around mountains
Problems In The Cities
• Smelly slums, bad street lighting, bad water, rats, and sewage
Irish + German Immigrants
• 1.5 Million of each group• Europe: No room
Nativists/ Know-Nothings
• Nativists- Rallied for political action, later created the “Know-Nothing” party
Industrial Revolution
• British inventors created series of machines for mass production
Samuel Slater
• Memorized textile machinery, snuck to U.S. and created spinning cotton thread
Eli Whitney
• Built cotton gin• Efficiency up
New England As Ind. Center
• Attractive for manufacturers• Dense population
Tariff Of 1816
• Contest to control shape of economy
Sewing Machine/ Howe/ Singer
• Invented by Elias Howe, perfected by Issac Singer
Limited Liability/ Free Incorp.
• Businessmen could create corporations without applying for charter
Samuel F.B. Morse/ Telegraph
• Communication up
Worker Complaints
• Hours- Long• Wages- Low• Meals- Skimpy
Commonwealth vs. Hunt• Ruled that
labor unions were not illegal conspiracies, provided their methods were honorable
John Deere
• Created steel plow that broke stubborn soil
• Mechanical reaper
Cyrus McCormick
Lancaster Turnpike
• 62 mile highway• Philly to Lancaster
• Highway from Maryland to Illinois (591 Miles)
Cumberland Road
• Steamboat craze set off• Could go against current
Robert Fulton/ Clermont
• 363 miles• Buffalo to NY harbor
Erie Canal
• Railroads- Cheap, fast, + reliable
Iron Horse
Chapter 15!
Deists
• 2nd Great Awakening new religion
• Believe in a supreme being
• Reject original sin concept
• God existed in only 1 person, not in orthodox trinity
• Stressed human goodness
Unitarian
• Shattered and reorganized churches
• Converted people• Movements-
prison reform, women’s rights, and abolishing of slavery
Second Great Awakening
• Reaped most abundant harvest of souls by revivalism
Methodists/ Baptists
• Methodist “circuit speaker” fought oppressors
Peter Cartwright
• Best revival preacher• Held giant gatherings
Charles Finney
• Joseph Smith- 1830
• Bringham Young led group to Utah
Mormons/ Smith/ Young
Horace Mann/ Noah Webster
• Campaigned for more and better schools
• Higher pay for teachers and expanded curriculum
• Webster- Wanted improved textbooks, created English dictionary
William McGuffey
• Grade school readers (textbooks) sold 122 million copies
U Of Carolina/ U Of Virginia
• Created with religious freedom
• No political influence
Dorothea Dix• Travelled
60,000 miles to increase conditions of insane people
• Influence worked, now “mentally ill”
• Wanted drinkers to vote to sign pledge
• Reformed drunkards emerge
Temperance Society
T.S. Arthur/ Ten Nights
• Anti-alcoholic book described town ruined by bar
Mott/ Stanton/ Anthony• Mott- Not
recognized at ENG convention
• Stanton- Left “obey” out of marriage license
• Anthony- Huge advocate led to supporters called “suzy b’s”
• Women’s Rights Convention
• Leaders met to create Dec. of Sentiments
W.R.C. / Seneca Falls
• Communities of wilderness cooperation
Wilderness Utopias
Life Span
• Short, 40 years
Puritan View Of Art
• Sinful waste of time
New National Literature
• Washington Irving• James Cooper• William Bryant
• Rejected theory that all knowledge comes to the mind through the senses
Transcendentalism
Chapter 16!
• U.S. dependent on cotton (south)
King Cotton
• Government influenced by a planter aristocracy
Oligarchy
Cotton Economy
• Monopolistic• Small
farmers sold land
• ¼ owned slaves• Few southerners
lived on plantations
• Landless whites- ¾ of southern whites
Southern Social Structure
• Society’s basement
• Slave brought in despite import rule
Slaves vs. Infrastructure
• Tried to transport slaves back to Africa• 15,000 went
American Colonization Society
Weld/ Garrison/ Douglass
• Weld- Self educated, spoke to rural farmers
• William Garrison- 26 year old wrote anti-slavery newspaper (The Liberator)
• Frederick Douglass- Lectured for anti-slavery despite threats
• Anti-slavery appeals tabled without debate
Gag Resolution
Chapter 17!
• Financial reform
• Establish a new national bank
• John Tyler- Vetoed bank twice
John Tyler & The Bank Bill
• 32% on dutiable goods
Tariff Bill Of 1842
Caroline
• American steamer carrying supplies attacked by Great Britain
Aroostook War
• War with Great Britain in Aroostook Valley
Annexation Of Texas
• Passed Congress in 1845
• 28th state• 9 Years between
interest and annexation
• Oregon Fever- Restless pioneers in huge numbers travel in covered wagons along Oregon Trail
Oregon Fever/ Oregon Trail
Walker Tariff Of 1846
• Excellent revenue• Heavy imports
Restoration Of Independent Treasury
• James Polk’s 2nd objective
Attack Across The Rio Grande
• Mexican troops cross river and attack Gen. Zachary Taylor + troops
• Mexico City- U.S. won• Buena Vista- Santa Anna and Mexico defeated
Mexico City + Buena Vista
• U.S. gained Texas + area west (Oregon/ California)
Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Slavocracy
• Mexican war caused by slavery• “Evil Purposes
Chapter 18!
Free Soil Party
• Created by Anti-slavery supporters
Sutter’s Mill
• Gold was discovered in California• Sparked gold rush
• Free state• Passed
the usual territory status
California Statehood
Sectional Balance
• Worrisome issue of free vs. slave state balance
• Runaway slaves assisted by Northern citizens
Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman
• Slave from Maryland
• Rescued 300+ from Underground Railroad
• South demanded new fugitive slave law
• Texas paid $10 Million
• Bloodhound Bill (runaway law)
• Slave/Free State• California- new state
Compromise Of 1850
• South could hunt slaves in North
• Could take issue to court
• Judges paid 2X for convicting slaves
Fugitive Slave Law Of 1850
• Winfield Scott- mistake
• Whigs split over slavery issue
Death Of The Whigs
• People get to choose state’s status (free/slave)
Popular Sovereignty
• ENG creeping up on sea
• Conflict avoided with treaty
Clayton- Bulwer Treaty
Slavocrats
• Looked south for expansion
Ostend Manifesto• U.S. secret
proposal to buy Cuba for $120 million
• Cuba declined
• China/U.S. opened commerce in Pacific
Treaty Of Wanghia
• Entered Edo Bay in 1853, requested free trade and friendly relations
• Would return later for their reply
Commander Matthew Perry
• Perry returned, signed treaty
• Provided fair treatment and free trade
Treaty Of Kanagawa
• Nebraska Territory split into 2 states
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Chapter 19!
• Showed cruel splitting of families through slavery
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Shawnee Mission
• Place where slavery supporters set up government
Topeka
• Capital of free-soil Kansas
• Anti/Pro Slavery conflict in Kansas• Small fights
Bleeding Kansas
John Brown
• Obsessively dedicated to abolishing slavery
• Killed men and raided Harper’s Ferry
• 5 men killed (supposedly pro-slavery) by John Brown
Pottawatomie Creek
Lecompton Constitution
• People could vote pro or anti-slavery
• Many free-soilers boycotted poll
• Attacked after giving an anti-slavery speech
Senator Sumner
• Attacked Sumner until his cane broke
Representative Brooks
• Hated immigration• Millard Filmore
Know-Nothing Party
• Black slave had lived in Illinois and Wisconsin for 5 years
• Wanted freedom
Dred Scott Case
Panic Of 1857
• Gold rush inflated currency
• Unemployment + Hunger
• Reduced duties to 20% on dutiable goods
Tariff Of 1857
• Abraham Lincoln + Stephen Douglas debate for Illinois senate seat
Lincoln/ Douglas Debates
Freeport Doctrine
• Douglas argued that slavery would stay down if people voted it down
• John Brown captured a weapons warehouse in Virginia
• Planned to arm slaves
• Later captured (by Robert E. Lee)
Harper’s Ferry
• Democrats split• North- Stephen Douglas• South- John Breckinridge
N & S Dem. Party
Republican Platform
• Low tariff• Immigration• Transportation/
RR• Appealed to non-
southern group
Election Of 1860
C.S.A.
• Confederate States of America
• Made up of southern states
Jefferson Davis
• President of C.S.A.
• Slavery prohibited north of 36’30”
• Lincoln rejected proposal
Crittenden Compromise
Chapter 20!
• Union on way to fort
• South attacks w/ cannons and open fire
• South seized fort
Fort Sumner
• Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia
• Could go to U.S.A. or C.S.A.
Border States
• Southern Ohio, Indiana, + Illinois
Butternut Region
• Offered to lead north, stayed loyal to his home state (Virginia)
• Right-hand man- Stonewall Jackson
General Robert E. Lee
• +: Motive to fight, talented officers, fought on homeland, “bred” to fight
• -: No factories, lack of supplies, weak economy
+/- Of C.S.A.
• +: Controlled sea, 22 million people, immigrant support, traded supplies with Europe
• -: Trouble with top general
+/- Of U.S.A.
• Productive in pre-year years, surplus in ENG, operatives thrown out of work
King Cotton Dethroned
• 2 Confederate warships being constructed in ENG
• Made of iron• ENG bought
ships at last minute for royal army
Laird Rams
• Accused of being “simple Susan”
• Proclaimed blockade
• Increased size of fed. Army
• $2 million for war
Lincoln’s Wartime Actions
Draft vs. Volunteers
• Rich boys could avoid war
• 90% of Union troops were volunteers
• Amount needed to avoid draft
$300 Men
• Poor mob ran through city wreaking havoc
New York City Riots
North’s Financing Of The War
• Tobacco + alcohol tax
• Morill Tariff Act
• Paperback money created
• Sale of bonds
South’s Financing Of The War
• $400 million in bonds• 10% tax on farm produce• Printed blue-backed $
• More factories• Protective tariffs• Millionaires emerge
North’s Economic Boom