Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Matacoan family. · 2 Güisnay Wichí Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015...

1

[Text version of database, created 27/11/2016].

Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Matacoan family.

Languages included: Eastern Wichí [mat-wor]; Bazán Wichí [mat-wjb]; Nocten Wichí

[mat-wnh]; Güisnay Wichí [mat-wwz]; Iyojwaʼja Chorote [mat-iya].

DATA SOURCES

I. Wichí

Eastern Wichí

Nercesian 2014 = Nercesian, Verónica. Wichi lhomtes. Estudio de la gramática y la

interacción fonología-morfología-sintaxis-semántica. München: LINCOM Studies in Native

American Linguistics. // A grammar of Lower Bermejo Wichí.

Bazán Wichí

Braunstein 1989 = Braunstein, José Alberto. Contribución para el Intercontinental

Dictionary Series Worldlist (Universidad de California en Irvine, ed. Mary Ritchie Key).

Available online at <http://pueblosoriginarios.com/lenguas/wichi.php>. // A wordlist of

Wichí as spoken in J.G. Bazán.

Nocten Wichí

Claesson 2016a = Claesson, Kenneth. Notas sobre el vocabulario 'weenhayek. Available

online at:

<http://noctenes.org/onewebmedia/Vocabulario%20'weenhayek%2C%20publ.pdf>. // A

dictionary of Nocten Wichí.

Claesson 2016b = Claesson, Kenneth. Estudios de la gramática del idioma 'weenhayek.

Available online at <http://noctenes.org/onewebmedia/Estudios%20del%20nocten.pdf>.

// A grammatical sketch of Nocten Wichí as spoken in Villa Montes.

2

Güisnay Wichí

Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015 = Gutiérrez, Marcos; Osornio, María Elina López. Diccionario

Wichi. Buenos Aires: Editorial Dunken. // A dictionary of Wichí as spoken in Misión

Chaqueña. The dialectal differences are sometimes indicated.

Avram 2008 = Avram, Megan Leigh Zdrojkowski. A Phonological Description of Wichí:

The Dialect of Misión La Paz, Salta, Argentina. MA thesis. Ypsilanti: Eastern Michigan

University. // A description of Wichí phonology as spoken in Misión La Paz. No texts or

glossaries included.

II. Iyojwaʼja Chorote

Drayson 1999 = Drayson, Nicholas. Niwak Samtis. Diccionario Iyojwa'ja 'Lij – Kilay 'Lij

(Chorote-Castellano). Available online at:

<http://pueblosoriginarios.com/lenguas/chorote.php>. // An online dictionary of Iyojwaʼja

Chorote. Some phonologic oppositions might be disrespected.

NOTES

I. Wichí

1. General.

Wichí (Wichí Lhamtés) is usually subdivided into three or more dialects, though their

names vary. The following subdivisions are accepted here:

(1) Vejoz (Tovar/Najlis/Ethnologue) = Upper Bermejo (vernacular according to

Nercesian).

(2) Nocten (Tovar/Najlis/Ethnologue) = Noktén = We(e)nhayek (autodenomination) =

Upper Pilcomayo (vernacular according to Nercesian) = Bolivian.

3

(3) Güisnay (Tovar/Najlis/Ethnologue) = Wiznay = Lower Pilcomayo (vernacular

according to Nercesian).

(4) Eastern (Gerzenstein) = Teuco (Golluscio) = proper (Najlis) = Lower Bermejo

(vernacular according to Nercesian).

According to Najlis, a fifth variety (Montaraz) is spoken between the Bermejo and the

Pilcomayo.

2. Transliteration.

Eastern Wichí

The correspondences between the Eastern Wic i alphabet and UTS are as follows.

UTS Alphabet

p p

pʼ pʼ

pʰ ph

t t

tʼ tʼ

tʰ th

k, q k

qʼ kʼ

qʰ kh

kʷ kw

č ch

čʼ chʼ

čʰ chh, chʼʼ

c ts

cʼ tsʼ

cʰ tsh

ʔ ʼ

4

UTS Alphabet

fʷ fw

s s

š sh

, x j

ɬ lh

h h

m m

ʔm mʼ

mh

n n

ʔn nʼ

nh

ɲ ñh

l l

ʔl lʼ

w w

ʔw wʼ

ʍ wh

y y

ʔy yʼ

ç yh

a, ɑ a

e, ɛ e

i i

o, ɔ o

u u

Notes:

1) k and x are found after front vowels and consonants. The allophones ɑ, ɛ, ɔ occur

when adjacent to uvular consonants. The vowels are automatically nasalized after nasal

or aspirated consonants, as well as after h. This is marked in UTS.

5

2) Whenever there is an alternation involving ɬ in 2SG (ɬ disappears in this form in some

nouns and personal pronouns; in some verbs, on the contrary, ɬ is found only in this

form), both forms are quoted separated by a slash.

Bazán Wichí

According to the subdivisions discussed in [Nercesian 2014], the variety spoken in Juan

G. Bazán (wichí bazanero) would be an Eastern Wichí variety. Nevertheless, Braunsteinʼs

data do not always match Nercesianʼs phonetically (although there is an almost perfect

lexicostatistical agreement). Post-vocalic ʼ is absent from Braunsteinʼs description; here it

is transcribed as creaky voice on the preceding vowel. On certain occasions, symbols

that are not listed in the table (x, lʼ) are encountered in Braunsteinʼs transcription;

provisionally, they are left as such in UTS.

UTS Alphabet

p p

pʼ pʼ

t t

tʼ tʼ

k k

kʼ kʼ

kʷ kw

č ch

čʼ chʼ

c c

cʼ cʼ

hʷ hw

s s

ɬ lh

h h

m m

n n

6

UTS Alphabet

l l

w w

y y

a a

e e

i i

o o

u u

Nocten Wichí

Nocten Wichí is spoken in Bolivia. The transcription corresponds to the orthography in

the following way:

UTS Alphabet

p p

pʼ pʼ

pʰ ph

t t

tʼ tʼ

tʰ th

k k

kʼ kʼ

kʰ kh

kʷ kw

kʸ ky

kʸʰ kyh

q q

qʼ qʼ

qʰ qh

ʔ ̓

c ts

7

UTS Alphabet

cʼ tsʼ

cʰ tsh

s s

x j

xʷ jw

h h

l l

lʼ lʼ

ʔl ʼl

ɬ lh

m m

mʼ mʼ

ʔm ʼm

mh

n n

ʔn ̓n

nʼ nʼ

nh

w w

ʔw ʼw

ʍ wh

y y

yʼ yʼ

ʔy ̓y

ç yh

a a

aː aa

e e

eː ee

i i

iː ii

ɑ à

8

UTS Alphabet

ɑː àà

o o

oː oo

u u

uː uu

Güisnay Wichí

Güisnay Wichí is represented by the subdialect of Misión Chaqueña ([Gutiérrez &

Osornio 2015]). When data from this source are unavailable, the data from Misión La

Paz ([Avram 2008]) are given instead; otherwise they are quoted in the comments.

According to [Avram 2008], the phonemic status of ɑ, q and x is dubious, since there are

no minimal pairs. Nasalized vowels, voiceless nasal consonants, and qʷ are positional

allophones but they are still marked as such in UTS.

The data in [Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015] are given in the practical orthography.

Occasionally th is found corresponding to ɬ in the other dialects; in these cases, it most

probably stands for ɬ and not for tʰ in Güisnay Wichí. This inconsistency is due to a

former orthographic convention. The correspondences are as follows:

UTS Avram Orthography

p p p

pʼ pʼ pʼ

t t t

tʼ tʼ tʼ

k, q k k

qʼ kʼ kʼ

kʸ kʸ ch

kʸʼ kʸʼ chʼ

-kʷ-, -qʷ kʷ kw

ʔ ʔ ʼ

9

UTS Avram Orthography

m m m

n n n

s s s

h, x h j

hʷ hʷ fw

c ts ts

cʼ tsʼ tsʼ

w w w

y y y

l l l

lh, th

hm mh

, hn nh

pʰ ph

tʰ th

kʰ kh

čʰ chh

cʰ tsh

ʍ wh

ç yh

mʼ mʼ

nʼ nʼ

wʼ wʼ

yʼ yʼ

a, ã a a

ɑ a ä

e, ẽ e e

i, ĩ i i

o, õ o o

u, ũ u u

10

II. Iyojwaʼja Chorote

UTS follows the transcription used by Drayson.

UTS Drayson

p p

pʼ pʼ

t t

tʼ tʼ

c ts

cʼ tsʼ

č ch

k k

kʼ kʼ

ʍ jw

s s

h j

ɬ jl

l l

m m

n n

w w

y y

ʔ( ) ʼ

a a

e e

i, ʸ i

o o

u u

Database compiled and annotated by: André Nikulin (August 2016).

11

1. ALL

Eastern Wichi nũfʷu {nufwu} (1) / nĩ=ɬuq-ɛx {nilhukej} (2), Bazan Wichi ni=ɬˈok-eh (2),

Nocten Wichi =ɬoq / =ɬˈoːq-ex / =ɬˈoq-ex {=lhoq / =lhóoqej / =lhóqej} (2), Guisnay Wichi i= ok-ex

~ i= oq-ex {ilhokej} (2), Iyojwa'ja wikʸeʔeyi # (3) / paɬat ~ kas=paɬat # (4).

References and notes:

Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 340, 356. Used of objects close to each other. Cf. nũfʷ {nufw} 'to end' [Nercesian 2014: 272].Nercesian

2014: 356, 357. Used of scattered objects.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 237. Much more frequent than =noxʷ {=nojw} 'to end / all' [Claesson 2016a: 274], which possibly

means totus as opposed to omnis.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 61.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Glossed as 'all' without further comments.Drayson 1999. Glossed as 'all' without further comments.

2. ASHES

Eastern Wichi mũqʼut {mukʼutaj} (1), Bazan Wichi itoh=mˈuk (2), Nocten Wichi maqʼ-oːtˈax

/ =maːqʼ-otˈax ~ =maqʼ-otˈax {maqʼootaj / =maaqʼotaj ~ =maqʼotaj} (1), Iyojwa'ja tiɬat (3).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 50. Cf. =muq {=muk} 'powder' [Nercesian 2014: 212].

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. The root is used for all sorts of powders (e.g. hohnat=mˈuk 'dust').

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 76, 218, 248; Claesson 2016b: 11.

Guisnay Wichi: Not attested.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -is. Distinct from hi=lʸoʔŏ / =loʔŏ 'burnt remains'.

3. BARK

Eastern Wichi =t=ʼɔ {=tʼoj} # (1), Bazan Wichi =t=ʼoh (1), Nocten Wichi haʔlɑː=t=ʼˈɑx

{haʼlààtʼàj} (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 217. Not found in the grammar in the meaning 'bark'; we assume that the polysemy attested by

Braunstein is also valid for this variety. Plural: -es.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Polysemy: 'skin / bark / leather'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 140. Plural: -hes. Literally 'tree-skin'.


Iyojwa'ja: Not attested.

4. BELLY

12

Eastern Wichi =cʼe {=tsʼe} (1), Bazan Wichi =cʼe # (1), Nocten Wichi =nipˈiɬ {=nipilh} # (2) /

=cʼeʔ {=tsʼeʼ} # (1), Guisnay Wichi =cʼe {=tsʼe} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=cʼiʔi / =cʼeʔe (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 147. Glossed as 'paunch'. Plural: -ɬ.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Glossed as 'stomach'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 78; Claesson 2016b: 11. Polysemy: 'belly / stomach'. Apparently more basic than =qakʸowˈex

{=qakyowej} 'stomach / belly / matrix, womb' [Claesson 2016a: 85], =qaçˈiʔ {=qayhiʼ} 'belly / matrix, womb / uterus' [Claesson 2016a:

88; Claesson 2016b: 23].Claesson 2016a: 101. Glossed as 'stomach'. Plural: -ɬ.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 60, 61. Plural: - . Distinct from =nipi {=nipilh} 'pit of the stomach / waist' [Gutiérrez &

Osornio 2015: 61], 'stomach' [Avram 2008: 51].

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -l. Distinct from hi=kawiniʔĭ 'stomach', ɬawe / =hawe / =hʸawe 'waist', hi=tʸowe / =towe 'matrix /

entrains'.

5. BIG

Eastern Wichi wefʷ {wefw} (1), Bazan Wichi wehʷ (1), Nocten Wichi wuxʷ {wuxw} (1),

Iyojwa'ja wuh (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 179, 324. Cf. =ta {=taj} [Nercesian 2014: 196], which is an augmentative suffix.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 509; Claesson 2016b: 12. Plural: wu-s {wus}. Polysemy: 'big / great / many / much'.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: wu-s.

5. BIG

6. BIRD

Eastern Wichi ʔafʷenče {afwenche} (1), Bazan Wichi ahʷenčˈe (1), Nocten Wichi ʔaxʷeːnkʸˈeʔ

{ʼajweenkyeʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi ahʷenkʸe {afwenche} (1), Iyojwa'ja aʍena (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 196.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 10; Claesson 2016b: 24. Plural: -ç.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 19. Plural: -y. Cf. pop {pop}, glossed as 'bird' in [Avram 2008: 42] but as 'kind of bird

similar to a pigeon' in [Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 22].

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -s. The forms hop hiwoki, sana ɬele are also glossed as 'bird' but most probably refer to kinds of birds.

13

7. BITE

Eastern Wichi yukʷ {yukwaj} (1), Bazan Wichi yukʷˈah (1), Nocten Wichi yoːkˈax / ɬoːkˈax

{yookaj / lhookaj} (1) / tʼoːqʰanˈex / =tʼoqʰanˈex {tʼooqhanej / =tʼoqhanej} (2), Iyojwa'ja yokʸe (1).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 550; Claesson 2016b: 13. Polysemy: 'to bite / to sting'.Claesson 2016a: 447.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999.

7. BITE

Nocten Wichi yeːcʼˈɑx / ɬeːcʼˈɑx {yeetsʼàj / lheetsʼàj} (3).


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 544; Claesson 2016b: 13.

8. BLACK

Eastern Wichi čal {chalaj} (1), Bazan Wichi čalˈah (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=kʸalˈax {ʼikyalaj} (1),

Guisnay Wichi kʸalax {chalaj} (1), Iyojwa'ja isʸoʍaʔă (2).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 27.



9. BLOOD

Eastern Wichi =ʔwiyis ~ =wiyis ~ =ʔwuyis ~ =wuyis {=wʼiyis ~ =wiyis ~ =wʼuyis ~ =wuyis} (1),

Bazan Wichi =wuyˈis (1), Nocten Wichi ʔwoyˈiːs / =ʔwoyˈis {ʼwoyiis / =ʼwoyis} (1), Guisnay

Wichi =ʔwoyis {=ʼwoys} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=ʔwoyis / =ʔyoyis (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 4, 48, 152, 154, 164, 216. Belongs to the hã-class.

14


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 57, 114.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 69; Avram 2008: 67.


10. BONE

Eastern Wichi =ɬile {lhile} (1), Bazan Wichi =ɬilˈe (1) / nḛ (2), Nocten Wichi =ɬiːlˈeʔ / =ɬilˈeʔ

{=lhiileʼ / =lhileʼ} (1) / nuːʔ {nuuʼ} (2), Iyojwa'ja ɬeliʔĭ (1) / hi=keliʔĭ (3).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 47. Polysemy: 'bone / branch' [Nercesian 2014: 348].

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Comment: 'of body'.Braunstein 1989. No comment provided.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 75; Claesson 2016b: 11, 21. Polysemy: 'bone (of a skeleton) / trunk'. Plural: -ç. Distinct from =qilˈeʔ

{=qileʼ} 'a bone that is left after the meal' [Claesson 2016a: 88].Claesson 2016a: 278. Absolute. Plural: -lis.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'bone / pocket' (might appear to be homonymy, not a geniune case of polysemy).Drayson 1999.

Of an animal.

11. BREAST

Bazan Wichi =tʼokʷˈe (1), Nocten Wichi =tʼoːkˈeʔ / =tʼokˈeʔ {=tʼookeʼ / =tʼokeʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja t=ʼot /

=ʔot (2).


Eastern Wichi: Not attested. Cf. =tate {=tate} 'female breast' [Nercesian 2014: 164], belonging to the hã-class.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Distinct from =tʼatˈe 'female breast'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 98; Claesson 2016b: 16. Plural: -ç, -ɬ, -lis. Distinct from =tʼaːtˈeʔ / aːtˈeʔ 'breast / nipple' [Claesson 2016a:

96; Claesson 2016b: 24].


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Distinct from tʼa=hate / =hʸete 'tit'.

12. BURN TR.

Eastern Wichi hĩ=pʼu {hipʼu} (1), Bazan Wichi hi=p (1), Nocten Wichi hi=pʼoʔ {hipʼoʼ} (1) /

ʔi=wu / =wu {ʼiwuunh / =wunh} (2), Iyojwa'ja i=yuʔun (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 149. Cf. intransitive ʔyu {yʼu} [Nercesian 2014: 231, 371].

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Distinct from intransitive y .

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 300. Distinct from =ʔyoʔ / =tʼoʔ {=ʼyoʼ / =tʼoʔ} [Claesson 2016a: 127], which is intransitive, =ɬɑːnʼ- / =ɬɑnʼ-

{=lhàànʼ- / =lhànʼ-} 'to set on fire' [Claesson 2016a: 229], =tpʼo / =tapʼˈo / =tpʼˈo / =taːpʼˈo {=tpʼoonh / =tapʼoonh / =tpʼonh / =taapʼonh}

[Claesson 2016a: 373], which is intransitive, =yɑːpʼˈeɬ / ɬɑːpʼˈeɬ {=yààpʼelh / lhààpʼelh} [Claesson 2016a: 517, Claesson 2016b: 13], which

15

refers to ceramics.Claesson 2016a: 511, Claesson 2016b: 14 (wun).


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Distinct from intransitive =sʸekʼʸe / =sakʸʼe.

13. CLAW (NAIL)

Eastern Wichi =fʷefʷ=t=ʼɔ {fwefwe=tʼox} (1), Bazan Wichi =hʷehʷ=t=ʼoh (1), Nocten Wichi

=xʷuxʷ=t=ʼˈɑx {=jwujwtʼàj} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=ʍuki=t=ʼah (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 3. Literally 'finger-skin'.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Literally 'finger-skin'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 62; Claesson 2016b: 20. Polysemy: 'nail / claw'. Literally 'finger-skin'. Plural: -hes.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: hi=ʍuki=tʼeh-es.

14. CLOUD

Eastern Wichi pele {pele} # (1), Bazan Wichi pelʼˈe ~ pelʼˈḛ (1), Nocten Wichi puːlˈeʔ {puuleʼ}

(1), Iyojwa'ja poli (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 161 (glossed as 'sky'). We assume that the polysemy attested for other Wichí varieties is also valid

for Eastern Wichí.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. The first word is glossed as 'cloud', the second is glossed as 'sky'. Apparently this distinction is not

genuinely valid, so with polysemy: 'sky / cloud'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 296; Claesson 2016b: 18. Polysemy: 'sky / cloud'. Plural: -s (-ɬayis if the intended meaning is 'skies').


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'sky / cloud'. Plural: -s (-yis if the intended meaning is 'skies').

15. COLD

Eastern Wichi fʷiʔyet {fwiyʼet} # (1) / nĩ=četɔ {nichetoj} (2), Bazan Wichi ni=tečˈoh (2),

Nocten Wichi xʷiʔyˈeːt / =xʷiʔyˈet {jwiʼyeet / =jwiʼyet} (1) / =teːkʸˈɑx / =tekʸˈɑx {=teekyàj / =tekyàj}

(2), Guisnay Wichi hʷiyʼet {fwiyʼet} # (1), Iyojwa'ja tečahaʔă (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 212. Sometimes glossed as 'winter' [Nercesian 2014: 200]. The words for 'coat' and 'fridge' are

derived from it. It is unclear whether the word can be applied to objects or substances.Nercesian 2014: 262. Glossed as 'to be cold'.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 61, 168; Claesson 2016b: 27. Plural: -iɬ.Claesson 2016a: 392. Polysemy: 'cold / congelated / refreshing'.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 43. Plural: -il, -i . Glossed as 'winter / cold season'; it is somewhat unclear if the word

16

really qualifies for inclusion.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Distinct from wiʔĭyitip 'cold season'.

16. COME

Eastern Wichi nõm {nom} (1), Bazan Wichi nom (1), Nocten Wichi =nɑːm-eh / =nɑm-eh

{=nààmeh / =nàmeh} (1) / =kʸˈɑːt-eh / =kʸˈɑt-eh {=kyâàteh / =kyâteh} (2), Guisnay Wichi nɑm

{näm} (1) / nek ~ neq {nek} (3), Iyojwa'ja hi=nʸaʔam / naʔam (1) / tomi (4).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 224. Distinct from i=yokʷe {iyokwe} 'to go and come back' [Nercesian 2014: 241].


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 251. Derived from nɑːm / =nɑm {nààm / =nàm} 'to come here' [Claesson 2016a: 252; Claesson 2016b:

12]. Distinct from nek / =neːk {nek / =neek} 'to move in the direction of the speaker' [Claesson 2016a: 261].Claesson 2016a: 182.

Polysemy: 'to come / to arrive'.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 38. Glossed as 'to arrive'.Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 38.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Distinct from hi=tʸaɬe / =taɬe, hi=tʸal / =tal 'to come from', ɬame / -ame / yame 'to arrive / to reach', ɬeyi / =yi /

yiyi, hi=ʔnis / =ʔnes 'to arrive'.Drayson 1999.

17. DIE

Eastern Wichi ʔyiɬ {yʼilh} (1), Bazan Wichi yiɬ (1), Nocten Wichi ʔyiɬ / =tʼiːɬ {ʼyilh / =tʼiilh}

(1), Iyojwa'ja ʔyaʔal / =ʔaʔal (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 292. Cf. also i=leyex h ãt {ileyej hunhat}, literally 'to leave earth' [Nercesian 2014: 154].

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Distinct from ilˈek 'dead'.



Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Cf. masa, plural mas-es 'dead'.

18. DOG

Eastern Wichi ʔasin {asinoj} (1), Bazan Wichi asinˈoh (1), Nocten Wichi ʔasiːnˈɑx {ʼasiinàj}

(1), Guisnay Wichi asinɑx {asinäj} (1), Iyojwa'ja alena (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 279. Plural: asin -ɔs.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 15; Claesson 2016b: 21. Plural: ʔasi -ɑs {ʼasiinhàs}.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 20; Avram 2008: 94 (asinax). Plural: asi -ãs {asinhäs}.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -s.

17

19. DRINK

Eastern Wichi ʔi=yoy-ex {iyoyej} (1), Bazan Wichi i=y (2) / i=yˈoy-eh (1), Nocten Wichi

ʔi=yɑːʔ / =yɑʔ {ʼiyààʼ / =yàʼ} (2) / ʔi=yˈɑːy-ex / =yˈɑy-ex {ʼiyâàyej / =yâyej} (1), Guisnay Wichi

hĩ=yɑ {hiyä} (2) / yɑyex {yäyej} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=ʔyahe (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 241. Cf. causative yo-yen {yoyen} [Nercesian 2014: 251].

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Of water.Braunstein 1989. Of any liquid.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 512.Claesson 2016a: 519.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 41.Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 41.


20. DRY

Eastern Wichi temče {temche} (1) / tamčoy {tamchoy} (2), Bazan Wichi tamč y (2), Nocten

Wichi tamkʸˈɑyʼ {tamkyàyʼ} (2), Iyojwa'ja yi=ʔlʸa / =eʔlʸa (3).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 266. Said of trees.Nercesian 2014: 320, 344. Said of earth, leaves.





21. EAR

Eastern Wichi =čʼute {chʼute} (1), Bazan Wichi =čʼutˈe (1), Nocten Wichi =kʸʼˈoteʔ / =kʸʼˈoːteʔ

{=kyʼoteʼ / =kyʼooteʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi =čʼote {=chʼote} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=kʼʸote (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 112, 164. Belongs to the hã-class. Plural: -y.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 68. Belongs to the ha-class.



22. EARTH

Eastern Wichi h ãt {hunhat} (1), Bazan Wichi hohnˈat (1), Nocten Wichi ho at {honhat}

18

(1), Guisnay Wichi h t {honhat} (1), Iyojwa'ja a at (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 48, 119. Polysemy: 'earth / ground'.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Distinct from tʼentˈah 'ground'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 154; Claesson 2016b: 19. Plural: -es, -iɬ.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 43; Avram 2008: 98 (h t ~ hõnat). Plural: -es.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -is.

23. EAT

Eastern Wichi tefʷ {tefw} (1) / t=ʼek {tʼek} (2), Bazan Wichi tehʷ (1), Nocten Wichi tuxʷ /

=tuːxʷ {tujw / =tuujw} (1) / t=ʼek {tʼek} (2), Guisnay Wichi tux {tuj} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=kiʍane /

=siʍane (3) / hi=tʸuʍ / =toʍ (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 325. Bivalent.Nercesian 2014: 237, 239. Monovalent.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Distinct from t=ʼek 'to eat, chew and swallow'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 420. Transitive.Claesson 2016a: 438. Intransitive.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999.Drayson 1999.

23. EAT

Iyojwa'ja tiʔyekʸuʔŭn (4).



24. EGG

Eastern Wichi ɬečʼe {lhechʼe} (1), Bazan Wichi ɬečʼˈe (1), Nocten Wichi =ɬiːkʸʼˈuʔ / =ɬikʸʼˈuʔ

{=lhiikyʼuʼ / =lhikyʼuʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja ɬecʸʼuʔŭ (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 112. Plural: -ɬ.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 31, 75; Claesson 2016b: 26. Plural: -ɬ.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -l.

19

25. EYE

Eastern Wichi =t=te-ɬu {=ttelhu} (1), Bazan Wichi =tḛ (1), Nocten Wichi ta=tˈeʔ {tateʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi =tʰe {=the} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=tʸe=teʔĕ / =ta=teʔĕ (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 165. Likely a compound with ɬuʔ {lhuʼ} 'seed', though the absence of the glottal stop is unclear. Cf.

=t=te-y {=ttey} 'face' [ibid.].



Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 61. Plural: -y. Cf. =te-kʸo 'eyebrow', =te-kʸʼo 'inside the eyebrow' [Avram 2008: 53].


26. FAT

Bazan Wichi =pḛ (1), Nocten Wichi peʔ {peʼ} (1) / t=ʼaɬˈɑʔ {tʼalhàʼ} (2), Guisnay Wichi =tʼalɑʔ

{=tʼaläʼ} # (2), Iyojwa'ja hi=peʔĕ (1) / t=ʼaɬaʔă / =ʔaɬaʔă (2).


Eastern Wichi: Not attested.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 86, 219, 291, 315; Claesson 2016b: 8. Polysemy: 'fat / oil'.Claesson 2016a: 41, 96.

Guisnay Wichi: Avram 2008: 57. Not attested in Misión Chaqueña.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999.Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'honey / liquid / fat'.

27. FEATHER

Eastern Wichi =ʔwule {=wʼule} # (1), Bazan Wichi =wulˈe ~ =wulˈe-y (1), Nocten Wichi

=ʔwolˈeʔ / =ʔwoːlˈeʔ {=ʼwoleʼ / =ʼwooleʼ} (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 170. Not found in the grammar in the meaning 'bark'; we assume that the polysemy attested by

Braunstein is also valid for this variety. Plural: -y.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Polysemy: 'hair / feather / leaf'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 57. Polysemy: 'hair / feather'. Plural: -ç. Belongs to the ha-class.



28. FIRE

Eastern Wichi ʔitɔ {itoj} (1), Bazan Wichi itˈoh (1), Nocten Wichi ʔiːtˈɑx {ʼiitàj} (1) / =ɬeːt /

20

=ɬet {=lheet / lhet} (2), Guisnay Wichi itɑh {itäj} (1), Iyojwa'ja ʍat (3).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 38; Claesson 2016b: 20. Plural: -s.Claesson 2016a: 74. Possessed.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 48. Plural: it-ɑs {itäs} 'matches'.


29. FISH

Eastern Wichi ʔwahãt {wʼahat} (1), Bazan Wichi wahˈat (1), Nocten Wichi ʔwaːhˈat {ʼwaahat}

(1), Guisnay Wichi wahãt {wahat} (1), Iyojwa'ja siʔyus (2).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 105; Claesson 2016b: 8. Plural: -ɬayis. Polysemy: 'fish / Prochilodus lineatus'.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 23; Avram 2008: 81 (ʔwãhãt).

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'fish / Prochilodus lineatus'.

30. FLY V.

Eastern Wichi wiʔyo {wiyʼo} (1), Bazan Wichi wḭy (1), Nocten Wichi weʔyˈɑʔ / =weːʔyˈɑʔ

{weʼyàʼ / =weeʼyàʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=ʍiʔyaʔ / =ʍeʔyaʔ (1).







31. FOOT

Eastern Wichi =pačʼu {=pachʼu} (1), Bazan Wichi =pʼačʼˈu (1), Nocten Wichi =pakʸʼˈoʔ

{=pakyʼoʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi =pakʸo {=pacho} (1) / qala ~ kala {kala} (2), Iyojwa'ja hi=sʸet /

=sat (3).


21

Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 191, 201. Plural: -ɬ.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 79; Claesson 2016b: 11. Plural: -ɬ.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 61. Plural: - .Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 60. Means 'leg' in other varieties; it is probable

that the word in translated erroneously in [Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015].


32. FULL

Eastern Wichi ta=puy-ex {tapuyej} (1), Bazan Wichi ta-pˈuy-eh (1), Nocten Wichi ta=pˈoːy-ex

/ =t=pˈoːy-ex / =t=pˈoy-ex {tapóoyej / =tpóoyej / =tpóyej} (1), Iyojwa'ja ti=poy-i (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 56. Distinct from yipʼis {yipʼis} 'satisfied' [Nercesian 2014: 325].

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Polysemy: 'to grow / full'. Apparently distinct from yipʼˈis, which is also glossed as 'full' but is more

precisely translated as 'satisfied' in [Nercesian 2014].




33. GIVE

Eastern Wichi hĩ=ʔwe -ũ {hiwʼenhu} (1), Bazan Wichi hi=wehn-ˈo (1), Nocten Wichi

hi=ʔwe -ˈoʔ / =ʔwe -ˈoʔ {hiʼweenhoʼ / =ʼwenhoʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=we -aʔăm (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 234, 353. Derived from ʔwen 'to have' with the morpheme hũ (applicative) [Nercesian 2014: 334].


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 112; Claesson 2016b: 33. Derived from ʔwen 'to have'. Apparently more basic than =ʔyuːy-tˈeh /

=tʼuːy-tˈeh / =tʼuy-tˈeh {=ʼyuuyteh / =tʼuuyteh / =tʼuyteh} 'to put toward smb. / to give' [Claesson 2016a: 132]; =tˈiː-yeh / =tˈi-yeh {=tíiyeh /

=tíyeh} 'to put toward smb. / to give / to offer / to assign / to apply / to attribute' [Claesson 2016a: 412]; =tˈiː-yex / =tˈi-yex {=tíiyej /

=tíyej} 'to put together / to put next to / to give / to dedicate / to concede / to suppose / to believe / to imagine' [Claesson 2016a: 413];

=yaːkyˈɑx-eh / ɬaːkyˈɑx-eh {=yaakyâjeh / lhaajyâjeh} 'to hand / to give / to give back' [Claesson 2016a: 525].



34. GOOD

Eastern Wichi ʔis {is} (1), Bazan Wichi is (1), Nocten Wichi ʔis {ʼis} (1), Guisnay Wichi is

{is} (1), Iyojwa'ja ʔes (1) / iʔnʸoʔŏ (2).



22


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 34; Claesson 2016b: 12. Polysemy: 'good / just / saint'.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 34; Avram 2008: 66.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999.Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'man / good'.

35. GREEN

Eastern Wichi wacʰãn {watshan} (1), Bazan Wichi wacˈan (1), Nocten Wichi ʔwaːcʰˈa /

=ʔwacʰˈa {ʼwaatshanh / =ʼwatshanh} (1), Guisnay Wichi wacʼan {wʼatsan} (1), Iyojwa'ja

hi=wacʼo (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 106, 262.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Distinct from lakunek, akˈas 'green, unripe'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 106. Ranges from green to blue. Polysemy: 'green / blue / alive'. Cf. =ʔwaːcʰan-kʸeyˈax / =ʔwacʰan-kʸeyˈax

{=ʼwaatshankyeyaj / =ʼwatshankyeyaj} 'greenness / life' [Claesson 2016b: 15].


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'green / alive'.

36. HAIR

Eastern Wichi =ʔwule-y {=wʼuley} (1), Bazan Wichi =wulˈe-y (1), Nocten Wichi =ʔwolˈe-ç /

=ʔwoːlˈe-ç {=ʼwoleyh / =ʼwooleyh} (1) / hiːlenˈax {hiilenaj} (2), Guisnay Wichi =wʼole-y {=wʼole-y}

(1), Iyojwa'ja hi=ʔwole (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 164. Belongs to the hã-class. Polysemy: 'hair / leaf'.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 57. Polysemy: 'hair / feather'. Belongs to the ha-class.Claesson 2016a: 150. Absolute.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 61; Avram 2008: 60 (=wole-y, singular =woleʔ).

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'hair / leaf'.

37. HAND

Eastern Wichi =t=kʷe-čʼu {=tkwechʼu} (1), Bazan Wichi =kʷe-cʼˈu (1), Nocten Wichi =keyʼ ~

=kʷeyʼ {=keyʼ ~ =kweyʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi =kʷey ~ =kʷey-kʸʼo {=kwey ~ =kweychʼo} (1),

Iyojwa'ja hi=kʸoʔŏ (1).




23

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 62; Claesson 2016b: 15. Polysemy: 'hand / forearm'. Plural: -aç, -eç.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 60, 61.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'arm / hand'.

38. HEAD

Eastern Wichi =ɬetek / ʔetek {=lhetek / etek} (1), Bazan Wichi =ɬetˈek (1), Nocten Wichi =ɬeːtˈek

{=lheetek} (1), Guisnay Wichi = etek ~ = eteq / etek ~ eteq {=lhetek / etek} (1), Iyojwa'ja ɬetik /

=hetik / =hʸitik (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 166, 191. The initial consonant is truncated in 2SG. Plural: =ɬetʰ-ẽy.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 74; Claesson 2016b: 11. Polysemy: 'leader / authority'. Plural: =ɬeːtʰ-ˈeç {=lheetheyh}.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 60, 61; Avram 2008: 43 (= eytek).


39. HEAR

Eastern Wichi ʔi=lot {ilot} (1), Bazan Wichi i=lot-ˈey (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=lɑːt-ˈeh / =lɑt-ˈeh

{ʼilààteh / =làteh} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=peʔĕya / =piʔĭya (2) / tipečiʔĭ (3).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 146, 287, 315. Polysemy: 'to hear / to feel'.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 213. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to feel / to feel pain / to understand'. Distinct from ta=kʸʼaːhu-hlˈɑʔ /

=taː=kʸʼahu-hlˈɑʔ / =t=kʸʼaːhu-hlˈɑʔ {takyʼaahuhlàʼ / =taakyʼahuhlàʼ / =tkyʼaahuhlàʼ} 'to hear something that is moving closer' [Claesson

2016a: 362].

Guisnay Wichi: Not attested. Cf. ta=yʼɑcʰãne {ta=yʼätshane}, ta=čʼahũye {ta=chʼahuye} 'to listen, to pay attention' [Gutiérrez & Osornio

2015: 32, 41].

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'to hear / to understand'.Drayson 1999.

40. HEART

Eastern Wichi =t=ʼutle {=tʼutle} (1), Bazan Wichi =t=ʼutlˈe (1), Nocten Wichi =t=ʼoːtlˈeʔ / ʔoːtlˈeʔ

{=tʼootleʼ / ʼootleʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi t=ʼoltle {tʼoltle} (1), Iyojwa'ja t=ʼotale / =ʔotale (1).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 99; Claesson 2016b: 11, 15, 16. Plural: -lis.


24

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: tʼotaɬ-aʔ.

41. HORN

Eastern Wichi =čʼe {=chʼe} (1), Bazan Wichi =če-ɬ (1), Nocten Wichi =kʸʼuʔ {=kyʼuʼ} (1),

Iyojwa'ja hi=kʸuʔŭ (1).






Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'horn / stick / hammer to kill fish'. Plural: -lis (hi=kʸuʔu-l).

42. I

Eastern Wichi ʔn-ɬam {nʼlham} (1), Bazan Wichi n-ɬam (1), Nocten Wichi ʔo-ɬˈaːmʼ {ʼolhaamʼ}

(2), Guisnay Wichi o- am {olham} (2), Iyojwa'ja ya-ʔam (3).







43. KILL

Eastern Wichi ʔi=lon {ilon} (1), Bazan Wichi i=lˈon (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=lˈ / =l {ʼilaanh /

=lanh} (1), Guisnay Wichi i=lɑn {ilän} (1), Iyojwa'ja i=lʸaʔan (1) / takalanki (2).







44. KNEE

Eastern Wichi =pʼuɬɑq {pʼulhak} (1), Bazan Wichi =pwoɬˈak (1), Nocten Wichi =qamkʸetˈeʔ

{=qamkyeteʼ} (2), Iyojwa'ja hi=koski (3) / tʼakos (4).

25


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 164. Belongs to the hã-class.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 86. Plural: -ç. Distinct from =pʼˈoɬaq {=pʼolhaq} 'ankle' [Claesson 2016a: Claesson 2016a: 81; Claesson

2016b: 19].



45. KNOW

Eastern Wichi yi=hãn-ẽx {yihanej} (1), Bazan Wichi ye=han-ˈeh (1), Nocten Wichi ya=haːn-ˈex

{yahaanej} (1), Iyojwa'ja =ʔa=han-e / =ʔi=hen-e (1).







46. LEAF

Eastern Wichi =la=wuʔle-y {=lawulʼey} (1), Bazan Wichi =la=wulˈe (1), Nocten Wichi

la=ʔwoːlˈeʔ {la=ʼwooleʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=ʔwole (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 170. Variants =la=wule-y {=lawulʼey} and =la=wuʔle-y {=lawulʼey} are also attested [Nercesian 2014:

294, 321].




Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'hair / leaf'.

47. LIE

Eastern Wichi ʔi=mõ=kaci {imokatsi} (1), Bazan Wichi i=mo=kacˈi (1), Nocten Wichi

ʔi=mɑː=qacˈih ~ ʔi=mɑ=tʼ=qacˈih / =mɑ=qacˈih ~ =mɑː=tʼ=qacˈih {ʼimààqatsih ~ ʼimàtʼqatsih /

=màqatsih ~ =mààtʼqatsih} (1), Iyojwa'ja i=hʸoʍeʔĕn (2) / i=hʸoyihiʔĭn (3).


26

Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 275. Cf. ti=kaci {tikatsi} 'to leave lying' [Nercesian 2014: 183].





48. LIVER

Bazan Wichi =tonˈek (1), Nocten Wichi =tɑnˈek / =tɑːnˈek {=tànek / =tàànek} (1), Iyojwa'ja

hi=kaɬik (2).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 92. Plural: =t - ˈaç {=tànhayh}. Distinct from =qˈaɬek {=qálhek} 'stomach' [Claesson 2016a: 86].



49. LONG

Eastern Wichi pit {pitaj} (1), Bazan Wichi pitˈah (1), Nocten Wichi pitˈaːx / =pitˈax {pitaaj /

=pitaj} (1), Iyojwa'ja itʸoçi (2).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 293. Plural: =pit-es {=pites}.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -cʼi.

50. LOUSE

Eastern Wichi ɬaʔ {lhaʼ} (1), Bazan Wichi ɬ (1), Nocten Wichi ɬaʔ {lhaʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja =ɬaʔa

(1).






Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: =ɬa-s / =ɬʸe-s.

27

51. MAN

Eastern Wichi hĩʔnũ {hinʼu} (1), Bazan Wichi hḭn ~ hḭnˈṵ (1), Nocten Wichi hiʔnˈoʔ {hiʼnoʼ}

(1), Guisnay Wichi hĩnʼo {hinʼo} (1), Iyojwa'ja iʔnʸoʔŏ (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 191, 196. Cf. mãmse {mamse} 'young man' [Nercesian 2014: 112, 152]. Plural: -ɬ.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 148; Claesson 2016b: 8. Polysemy: 'man / human'. Plural: -ɬ.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 12. Distinct from manse ~ mamse {manse ~ mamse} 'young man' [Gutiérrez & Osornio

2015: 63].

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'man / good'.

52. MANY

Eastern Wichi nĩ=tokʷ {nitokw} (1), Bazan Wichi ni=tˈokʷ (1), Nocten Wichi wuːxʷ-pˈeʔ /

=wuxʷ-pˈeʔ {wuujwpeʼ / =wujwpeʼ} (2), Guisnay Wichi ni=tɑqʷ {nitäkw} (1) / wux-pe {wujpe}

(2), Iyojwa'ja wataʔa (3) / wuʔwe (2).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 509. Distinct from ʔalˈoːs {ʼaloos} 'some / many' [Claesson 2016a: 11]. Cf. ni=tɑˈk {nitàk} [Claesson

2016a: 271], whose primary meaning is 'two' but which can also mean 'many'. Much more frequent and recurrent in the examples

than ʔo {ʼomh} [Claesson 2016a: 46].

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 27; Avram 2008: 52. Denotes quantities above four.Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 27.

Denotes quantities above four.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. The difference between these words is not specified.Drayson 1999.

52. MANY

Iyojwa'ja ok (4) / ʔloh (5).


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999.Drayson 1999. Plural: ʔlo-ʔweheʔĕn.

53. MEAT

Eastern Wichi tulu {tulu} (-1) / t=ʼisan {tʼisan} (1), Bazan Wichi =t=ʼisˈan (1), Nocten Wichi

=t=ʼisanʼ / ʔisanʼ {=tʼisanʼ / ʼisanʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja t=ʼisʸeʔĕn / =ʔsʸeʔĕn (1).


28

Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 260, 291, 351. Polysemy: 'cow / meat'. Borrowed from Spanish tɔɾɔ {toro} 'bull'.Nercesian 2014: 291.

Shortened to =san {=san} in compounds [Nercesian 2014: 119, 212].

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Also isˈan-toh-yṵ 'meat (as food)'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 97. Polysemy: 'body / meat / life'.



54. MOON

Eastern Wichi weʔla {welʼa} (1), Bazan Wichi weʔl (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=weːʔlah {ʼiweeʼlah}

(1), Guisnay Wichi ʔwela ~ wela {ʼwela ~ wela} (1), Iyojwa'ja weʼla (1).



Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Polysemy: 'moon / month'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 41; Claesson 2016b: 9. Polysemy: 'moon / month'. Plural: -lis.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 44. Polysemy: 'moon / months'. Plural: -s.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'moon / month'. Plural: -s.

55. MOUNTAIN

Eastern Wichi ta=čen {tachenaj} (1), Bazan Wichi ta=čenˈah (1), Nocten Wichi kʸeːnˈax ~

kʸeːnatˈax {kyeenataj} (1), Guisnay Wichi kʸenax {chenaj} (1), Iyojwa'ja ti=ki aki (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 51. Glossed as 'hill'.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Polysemy: 'mountain / hill'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 187; Claesson 2016b: 21. Plural: kʸe - ˈas ~ kʸeːnat-ˈas {kyeenhas ~ kyeenatas}.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 43; Avram 2008: 67 (kʸenɑx). Polysemy: 'mountain / hill / flagstone'. Plural: kʸe -ãs

{chenhas}.


56. MOUTH

Eastern Wichi =qʼ {=kʼaj} (1), Bazan Wichi =kʼah (1), Nocten Wichi =ɬaːçˈiʔ {=lhaayhiʼ} (2) /

=qʼax ~ =qʼaːx {=qʼaj ~ =qʼaaj} (1), Guisnay Wichi =qax {=kaj} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=kiwet (3).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 73; Claesson 2016b: 11, 26. Polysemy: 'mouth / language'. Plural: -ɬ. Apparently refers only to the

inner part of the mouth.Claesson 2016a: 89. Refers to the outer part of the mouth ('opening'). Belongs to the ha-class.

29

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 60; Avram 2008: 44, 54 (=qʼɑx, plural: =qʼɑ-s).


57. NAME

Eastern Wichi =ɬey / ʔey {=lhey / ey} (1), Bazan Wichi =ɬey (1), Nocten Wichi =ɬeːyʼ / ʔeːyʼ

{=lheeyʼ / ʼeeyʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi =ɬey / ey {=lhey / ey} (1), Iyojwa'ja ɬeʔĕ / =eʔĕ / =iʔĭ (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 166, 191. The initial consonant is truncated in 2SG. Plural: -is.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Quoted as to=ɬˈey.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 74, 236; Claesson 2016b: 15. Plural: -is.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 66. Only the 2SG form is attested.


58. NECK

Eastern Wichi =ʔwu {=wʼu} (1), Bazan Wichi =wṵ-tʼoh (1), Nocten Wichi =ʔwoʔ {=ʼwoʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi =wʼo {=wʼo} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=ʔwoʔ (1).



Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Cf. also =pohnˈi 'front of neck', =nuwˈṵ 'back of nack'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 57. Plural: -ɬ. Distinct from =p iʔ {=pànhiʼ} 'throat / neck' [Claesson 2016a: 79; Claesson 2016b: 23].

Apparently more basic than =qɑcʰˈiʔ {=qàtshiʼ} [Claesson 2016a: 83].


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: =liʔyoʔ.

59. NEW

Eastern Wichi nẽčʼa-yik {nechʼa yik} (1), Bazan Wichi nečʼa-yik (1), Nocten Wichi neːkʸʼˈeʔ ~

neːkʸʼe-yˈik / nekʸʼˈeʔ ~ =nekʸʼe-yˈik {} (1), Guisnay Wichi nekʸʼe {nechʼe} # (1), Iyojwa'ja i=nkʸʼeʔĕ

(1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 154. Compound ('recently-go').


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 263. Polysemy: 'new / recent / just now' (only for the yik-less form).


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: in=kʸʼe-çis.

30

60. NIGHT

Eastern Wichi hũnã-ci {hunatsi} (1), Bazan Wichi hona-cˈi (1), Nocten Wichi honaː-cˈiʔ

{honaatsiʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi hõna-ci {honatsi} (1), Iyojwa'ja a ah (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 151. Derived from hun 'afternoon'.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 153; Claesson 2016b: 19. Plural: -s. Polysemy: 'night / darkness'. Derived from honˈax {honaj}

'afternoon / night' [Claesson 2016a: 153; Claesson 2016b: 25].

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 25. Derived from honax {honaj} 'afternoon'.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'night / darkness'. Plural: -as.

61. NOSE

Eastern Wichi = ẽs {=nhes} (1), Bazan Wichi =hnes (1), Nocten Wichi = us {=nhus} (1),

Guisnay Wichi = s {=nhus} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi= etawo / =natawo (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 112, 191. Plural: -ey.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 79; Claesson 2016b: 11. Plural: -eɬ. Distinct from =qʼaxʷˈoʔ {=qʼajwoʼ} 'nose / snout' [Claesson 2016:

89].

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 61. Plural: -eɬ, -euɬ (?).


62. NOT

Eastern Wichi hã=...=hĩ {ha=...=hi} (1), Nocten Wichi =hi=tʼah ~ =hi=tʼ {=hitʼah ~ =hitʼ} (2),

Guisnay Wichi =i=tʼa {=itʼa} # (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 316. Realis mode. Irrealis: =(y)a {=(y)a}, prohibitive: ya - {yaj-}, existential: neweče {neweche}. Cf. kʰã

{kha} 'no'.

Bazan Wichi: Not attested. Cf. kha 'no' [Braunstein 1989].

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 151. The form hi indicates irrealis. Cf. lax...(y)aʔ {laj...(y)aʼ} 'privative' [Claesson 2016a: 217], qama-, yex

{qama-, yej} 'prohibitive' [Claesson 2016a: 314, 528].

Guisnay Wichi: Avram 2008: 43, 65. Not attested in Misión Chaqueña.

Iyojwa'ja: Various words are glossed as 'negative': ha, he, ka, ke (future).

63. ONE

Eastern Wichi ʔunũ {unu} (-1), Bazan Wichi hotehʷah=hˈi (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=weçˈaːɬah /

31

=ʔi=weçˈaɬah {ʼiwehyáalhah / =wehyálhah} (2) / hɑːtexʷax=ˈiʔ / =hɑtexʷax=ˈiʔ {hààtejwajiʼ /

=hàtejwajiʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi u -ya a {unh-yalha} # (-1) / weih a {weihalha} # (2), Iyojwa'ja

i=ʍʸen-ɬi / =ʍan-ɬi (3).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 359. Borrowed from Spanish unɔ {uno}. Traditional: hõtefʷ= i {hotefwajhi} (elicited in Tres Pozos,

Formosa). Cf. tačen {tachen} 'first' [Nercesian 2014: 357], cʼilaq {tsʼilak} 'alone' [Nercesian 2014: 265].

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Cf. cʼilak, which is also glossed as 'uno' but likely means 'alone', like in Eastern Wichí.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 41. Polysemy: 'one / only / each'.Claesson 2016a: 139.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 27. Variety of Pilcomayo. Borrowed from Spanish unɔ {uno}.Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015:

27. Variety of Pilcomayo.


63. ONE

Guisnay Wichi texwax=i ~ texhʷax=ni {tejwaji ~ tejfwajni} # (1).


Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 27. Variety of Pilcomayo.

64. PERSON

Bazan Wichi wičˈi (1), Nocten Wichi wikʸˈiʔ {wikyiʼ} (1) / hiʔnˈoʔ {hiʼnoʼ} (2).


Eastern Wichi: Not attested. The form wiči {wichi} is systematically glossed and translated as 'Wichí' [Nercesian 2014: 371]

throughout the work.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 485; Claesson 2016b: 9. Polysemy: 'person / people / village / city'. Plural: -ɬ.Claesson 2016a: 148.

Polysemy: 'man / human'. Plural: -ɬ.



65. RAIN

Eastern Wichi ʔiwumčoʔ {iwumchoʼ} (1), Bazan Wichi iwum-č (1), Nocten Wichi

ʔiwo -kʸʼˈɑʔ {ʼiwoomhkyàʼ} (1) / peːɬˈaç {peelhayh} (2), Iyojwa'ja peɬa (2).




32

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 43. Polysemy: 'rain / to rain'. In the examples the root for 'water' is frequently found in this meaning

[Claesson 2016a: 375, 462].Claesson 2016a: 292; Claesson 2016b: 23. Polysemy: 'rain / thunder / good nature spirit'. Plural: -is, -lhayis.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'rain / rainstorm'.

66. RED

Eastern Wichi ʔi=čot {ichot} # (1), Bazan Wichi čot (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=kʸˈɑːt / =ʔi=kʸˈɑt

{ʼikyààt / =ʼikyàt} (1), Guisnay Wichi kʸɑt {chät} (1), Iyojwa'ja i=sʸat (1) / tam (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 312. Glossed as 'colorado'.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 27. Distinct from ʔawˈas 'purple' [Claesson 2016a: 19]. Used in neologisms, as in the word for the Red

Sea [Claesson 2016a: 32], so it is apparently more basic than yokxʷˈa {yokjwamh} [Claesson 2016a: 552].



67. ROAD

Eastern Wichi ʔnõyix {nʼoyix} (1), Bazan Wichi noyˈih (1), Nocten Wichi ʔnɑːyˈix / =ʔnɑyˈix

{ʼnààyij / =ʼnàyij} (1), Guisnay Wichi nɑyix {näyj} (1), Iyojwa'ja ʔnayi / =ʔnʸayi (1).





Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 43. Polysemy: 'road / trail / route / street'. Plural: nɑç- y {näyhäy}.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: hi=ʔnʸa-hʸa.

68. ROOT

Eastern Wichi =la=fʷec-il {=lafwetsil} (1), Bazan Wichi =la=hʷec-il (1), Nocten Wichi =xʷeːtˈes

/ =xʷetˈes {=jweetes / =jwetes} (1), Guisnay Wichi la=tes {lates} (2), Iyojwa'ja hi=ʍetis (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 324. Plural.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Plural.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 61; Claesson 2016b: 11, 27. Plural: =xʷeːʔc-iɬ, =xʷeːtec-eɬ {=jwe(ʼ)tsilh, jwetetselh}. Distinct from =tec-eɬ

{=tetselh} 'ancestors / kin / roots / ancient history' [Claesson 2016a: 93].

Guisnay Wichi: Avram 2008: 95. Plural: latec-el {latetsel}. Not attested in Misión Chaqueña.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: hi=ʍetisʸ-uʔŭl. Cf. hi=tis (plural hi=tis-eʔĕl) 'provenance / root'.

33

69. ROUND

Bazan Wichi tulah-ɬˈi (1), Nocten Wichi ʔitoːlˈax / =ʔitolˈax {ʼitoolaj / =ʼitolaj} (1), Guisnay

Wichi tolax- i ~ i=tolax- i {tolajlhi ~ itolajlhi} (1), Iyojwa'ja kʸoyo-cʼi (2).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 39. Polysemy: 'round / disarmed'. Cf. =ɬih {=lhih}, which is a classifier for round objects [Claesson

2016a: 275, 290, 301, 414].


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. More specifically 'cylindric'.

70. SAND

Eastern Wichi hũlu {hulu} (1), Bazan Wichi hulˈu (1), Nocten Wichi hoːlˈoʔ {hooloʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi holo-tax {holotaj} (1), Iyojwa'ja holoʔ (1).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 152; Claesson 2016b: 22. Distinct from hoːlo-tˈax {hoolotaj} 'sandy place'. Plural: -lis.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 43. Pilcomayo variety: holo {holo}.


71. SAY

Eastern Wichi ʔi=fʷel {ifwel} (1) / yomẽy {yomey} (2), Bazan Wichi i=hʷeɬ (1) / yomˈey (2),

Nocten Wichi ʔi=woːy-ˈeh / =woy-ˈeh {ʼiwooyeh / =woyeh} (4) / yok / ɬok / ʔok {yok / lhok / ʼok}

(3), Iyojwa'ja i=yo / =wo (4).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 184, 309. Apparently distinct from =fʷta 'to be called, to be common knowledge' [Nercesian 2014:

317, 324].Nercesian 2014: 317.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989.Braunstein 1989.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 507. Polysemy: 'to do / to obey / to accept / to say / to speak'.Claesson 2016a: 550.



71. SAY

34

Eastern Wichi yuq / ɬuq {yuk / lhuk} (3).



72. SEE

Eastern Wichi ʔwen {wʼen} (1), Bazan Wichi wen (1), Nocten Wichi hi=ʔwˈe / =ʔwe

{hiʼweenh / =ʼwenh} (1), Guisnay Wichi hĩ=wʼen {hiwʼen} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=ʔweʔen / =ʔwiʔin (1).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 110; Claesson 2016b: 13. Polysemy: 'to see / to find / to have'.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 41. Polysemy: 'to see / to have'.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'to see / to have'.

73. SEED

Eastern Wichi =ɬuʔ {=lhuʼ} (1), Bazan Wichi to=kos=ɬˈu-y (1), Nocten Wichi ɬoːʔ {lhooʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi oʔ {lhoʼ} # (1), Iyojwa'ja ɬoʔ (1).



Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Literally 'seed of a plant'. Cf. ɬu-y 'grain'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 75; Claesson 2016b: 18. Polysemy: 'seed / grain / penis'. Plural: -ç (-ɬ if the intended meaning is

'penis'). Distinct from =qoːyʼ / =qoyʼ {=qooyʼ / =qoyʼ} 'someone's seed' ('grain'?) [Claesson 2016a: 89].

Guisnay Wichi: Avram 2008: 54, 55. Plural: o-y {lhoy}. Not attested in Misión Chaqueña.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Distinct from hi=silʸakiʔĭ / =selʸakiʔĭ 'not planted seed' ('grain'?).

74. SIT

Eastern Wichi ta=y=pʰõ {taypho} (1), Bazan Wichi tʼa=y=ph (1), Nocten Wichi ta=pɑː=pʰˈɑʔ /

=t=pɑː=pʰˈɑʔ / =t=pɑ=pʰˈɑʔ / =taː=pɑ=pʰˈɑʔ {tapààphàʼ / =tpààphàʼ / =tpàphàʼ / =taapàphàʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi ta=y=pʰ {tayphä} (1), Iyojwa'ja yiçiʔĭn / =çiʔĭn (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 239. Polysemy: 'to sit / to sit down'.



35


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'to sit / to be born'.

75. SKIN

Eastern Wichi =t=ʼɔ {=tʼoj} (1), Bazan Wichi =t=ʼoh (1), Nocten Wichi =t=ʼɑx {tʼàj} (1),

Iyojwa'ja t=ʼax / =ʔax (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 217, 269. Plural: -es.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Polysemy: 'skin / bark / leather'.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 95, 427. Polysemy: 'skin / peel / leather / straw / tire / scales'. Plural: =t=ʼɑh-ˈes {tʼàhees}.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'skin / peel'.

76. SLEEP

Eastern Wichi i=mõ {imo} (1), Bazan Wichi i=m (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=mˈɑʔ {ʼimàʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi i=mɑ {imä} (1), Iyojwa'ja i=mʸaʔa / =maʔa (1).







77. SMALL

Eastern Wichi ɬemsas {lhemsas} (1) / ɬos {lhosaj} (2), Bazan Wichi ɬomsax (2), Nocten

Wichi ʔũːšũʔˈũxʷ / =ʔũšũʔˈũxʷ {ʼuusuʼujw / =ʼusuʼujw} (4), Guisnay Wichi amsax {lhamsaj} (2),

Iyojwa'ja ɬas / =as (2) / samɬʸe / =sʸemɬʸe (5).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 355. Used with reference to a stone. Cf. =fʷa {=fwaj} [Nercesian 2014: 196], which is an augmentative

suffix.Nercesian 2014: 386. Used with reference to trees, dogs, etc.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Cf. ɬˈimpah 'a bit'. The item niwehʷa is also glossed as 'small', but it is glossed as 'not many' in

[Nercesian 2014: 356] and thus is not included here.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 46. Plural: -s. The nasality and the presence of š are affective, but regular. Distinct from =xʷas, =xʷax

{=jwas, =jwaj} 'diminutive' [Claesson 2016a: 162].

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 63. Glossed as 'chico'.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'son / small'.Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'baby / small'. Plural: sa el-ajaʔăn.

36

77. SMALL

Eastern Wichi ɬimpʰ {lhimphaj} (3).



78. SMOKE

Eastern Wichi tec {tetsaj} (1), Bazan Wichi tecˈah (1), Nocten Wichi tuːcˈax / =tucˈax

{tuutsaj / =tutsaj} (1), Guisnay Wichi tucax {tutsaj} # (1), Iyojwa'ja tosʸe / =tʸusʸe (1).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 95, 426.

Guisnay Wichi: Avram 2008: 91 (tucɑx). Plural: tuc-es. Not attested in Misión Chaqueña.


79. STAND

Eastern Wichi ta=qɑsit {takasit} (1), Bazan Wichi ta=kasˈit (1), Nocten Wichi ta=qaːsˈit /

=ta=qasˈit {taqaasit / =taqasit} (1), Guisnay Wichi ta=kasit ~ ta=qasit {takasit} (1), Iyojwa'ja

ta=kasit (1).





Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 35. Distinct from nepʰ {nephä} 'to rise' [Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 16].


80. STAR

Eastern Wichi qɑtes {kates} (1), Bazan Wichi katˈes (1), Nocten Wichi qatˈes {qates} (1),

Guisnay Wichi qatʼes {katʼes} (1), Iyojwa'ja kates (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 47, 112. Plural: qatec-eɬ.

37


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 316; Claesson 2016b: 27. Plural: qateːc-eɬ {qateetselh}.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 43. Avram 2008: 95 (qɑtes). Plural: qatec-e (qɑtec-el in Misión La Paz).

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'star / light / flashlight'. Plural: -eʔĕl.

81. STONE

Eastern Wichi tente {tente} (1), Bazan Wichi tentˈḛ (1), Nocten Wichi tuːntˈeʔ {tuunteʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi tunte {tunte} # (1), Iyojwa'ja sisah (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 191, 196. Plural: -y.




Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -as, -kʸet.

82. SUN

Eastern Wichi fʷala {fwala} (1), Bazan Wichi hʷal (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=xʷˈaːlaʔ ~ ʔi=xʷaːlˈaʔ

{ʼijwáalaʼ ~ ʼijwaalaʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi i=hʷala {ifwala} (1), Iyojwa'ja kilʸeʔĕ (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 51, 168. Polysemy: 'day / sun'.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 25; Claesson 2016b: 19. Polysemy: 'sun / day'. Plural: -s.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 43. Plural: -s.


83. SWIM

Bazan Wichi tʼilˈin (1), Nocten Wichi tʼilˈi / =tʼiːlˈi {tʼilinh / =tʼiilinh} (1), Iyojwa'ja =pʸaʔan /

=paʔan (2).







84. TAIL

38

Eastern Wichi čos {chos} (1), Bazan Wichi =čos (1), Nocten Wichi =kʸɑs {=kyàs} (1),

Iyojwa'ja hi=kʸas (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 112. Plural: -eɬ. Likely distinct from wex {wej} [Nercesian 2014: 154], glossed as 'cola' (this Spanish

word has multiple meanings) and functioning as a derivation base for words like 'car' and 'chair'; in texts, it is only found referring

to a person [Nercesian 2014: 312], with the likely meaning 'butt'.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 63; Claesson 2016b: 26. Plural: -eɬ. Distinct from =wex {=wej}, plural =ʍ-aç {=whayh} 'butt / anus /

hole' [Claesson 2016a: 102].

Guisnay Wichi: Not attested. Cf. =cohʷ {=tsofw}, translated as 'trasero, cola' [Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 69], which likely means only

'butt'.


85. THAT

Eastern Wichi =nĩ / =ʔla=nĩ / =ʔle=nĩ ~ =ʔli=nĩ {=ni / =lʼani / =lʼeni ~ =lʼini} (1) / =ʔla {=lʼa} (2),

Nocten Wichi =nih {=nih} (1) / =cɑh {=tsàh} (4), Iyojwa'ja se-k (5) / pa-k (6).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 176. Of vertical objects.Nercesian 2014: 176. Medial deixis. Of horizontal objects.

Bazan Wichi: Not attested.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 267. Of vertical objects or sitting people.Claesson 2016a: 461. Of standing people.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Medial.Drayson 1999. Distal.

85. THAT

Eastern Wichi =ʔle ~ =ʔli {=lʼe ~ =lʼi} (3), Nocten Wichi ʔle-CL ~ ʔleː-CL {ʼle ~ ʼlee} (3),

Iyojwa'ja ha-k (7) / kʸa-k (8).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 176. Distal deixis. Of horizontal objects.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Medial.Drayson 1999. Distal.

86. THIS

Eastern Wichi =nã {=na} (1), Nocten Wichi =nah / =ah {=nah / =ah} (1), Guisnay Wichi =na

{=na} (1), Iyojwa'ja nak ~ ʔna-k (1).

39


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 176. Of objects in tactile reach of the speaker.





87. THOU

Eastern Wichi -am {am} (1), Bazan Wichi -am (1), Nocten Wichi -ʔaːmʼ {ʼaamʼ} (1), Guisnay

Wichi -am {am} (1), Iyojwa'ja -aʔam (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 335. Null root.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Null root.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 12; Claesson 2016b: 27. Null root.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 25. Null root.


88. TONGUE

Bazan Wichi =kʼah=ɬečʼˈe (1), Nocten Wichi =qʼax=ɬikʸʼˈuʼ {=qʼajlhikyʼuʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi

=qax= ikʸʼu {=kajlhichʼu} (1), Iyojwa'ja hi=pa at (2).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 89. Plural: -ɬ.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 60. Plural: - .


89. TOOTH

Bazan Wichi =cutˈḛ (1), Nocten Wichi =coteʔ {=tsoteʼ} (1), Guisnay Wichi =cote-y {=tsotey} #

(1), Iyojwa'ja hi=kinte / =sinte (2).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 100; Claesson 2016a: 24. Plural: -ç.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 52. Plural, found only in the compound meaning 'tooth brush'.


40

90. TREE

Eastern Wichi hãʔlo {halʼo} (1), Bazan Wichi h l (1), Nocten Wichi haʔlˈɑʔ {haʼlàʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi hãlʼɑ {halʼä} (1), Iyojwa'ja aʔlaʔ (1).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 139; Claesson 2016b: 9. Plural: -ç. Polysemy: 'tree / plant / stick'.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 18; Avram 2008: 96 (hãʔla, glossed as 'branch' but translated as 'tree'). Plural: -y.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: aʔla-kʸet.

91. TWO

Eastern Wichi lus {lus} (-1), Bazan Wichi lus (-1), Nocten Wichi ni=tˈɑk ~ ni=tɑːk-xʷˈas

{nitàk ~ nitààkjwas} (1), Guisnay Wichi tɑkʷ ~ tɑkʷ-hʷas ~ ni=tɑkʷ-hʷas {täkw ~ täkwfwas ~

nitäkwfwas} (1), Iyojwa'ja times ~ kas=mes (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 359. Borrowed from Spanish dɔs {dos}. Traditional: hõtefʷa=sa {hotefwasa} (elicited in Tres Pozos,

Formosa).

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Borrowed from Spanish dɔs {dos}.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 271. Polysemy: 'two / many'. The former meaning is much more consistent and frequent.



92. WALK (GO)

Eastern Wichi yik / ɬik {yik / lhik} (1), Bazan Wichi yik (1), Nocten Wichi yik / ɬek {yik / lhek}

(1), Guisnay Wichi =yik {=yik} (1), Iyojwa'ja i=hʸo (2) / hi=nʸu / =no (3).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 544. Distinct from ya=hˈoːy-eh / =hˈoyeh {yahóoyeh / =hóyeh} [Claesson 2016a: 155; Claesson 2016a: 35],

which implies a destination.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 25. Distinct from ta=taye {tataye} 'to head to' [Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 40].

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Glossed as 'to go to'.Drayson 1999. Glossed as 'to pass / to go'.

93. WARM

41

Eastern Wichi nĩ=čayu {nichayu} (1), Bazan Wichi ni=čayˈṵ (1), Nocten Wichi kʸaːyˈoʔ /

=kʸayˈoʔ {kyaayoʼ / =kyayoʼ} (1) / hi=pʼˈeʔ {hipʼeʼ} (2), Guisnay Wichi kʸayo-hĩ # (1) / hĩ=pʼe-hĩ

{hipʼehi} # (2), Iyojwa'ja kʸoʔyo (1).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 217, 253. Quoted as nčay in [Nercesian 2014: 254].


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 185. Means 'hot' rather than 'warm'. The words are included as synonyms because all the sources are

written in Spanish (a language that does not usually distinguish between the two: {tibio} 'warm' is a subcategory of {caliente}

'hot').Claesson 2016a: 150. May be accompanied with a classifier. Means 'warm', not 'hot'.

Guisnay Wichi: Avram 2008: 44. Glossed as 'something hot'. Not attested in Misión Chaqueña.Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 39. Used

of liquids.


94. WATER

Eastern Wichi ʔinõt {inot} (1), Bazan Wichi inˈot (1), Nocten Wichi ʔinˈɑːt {ʼinààt} (1),

Guisnay Wichi wax {waj} (2), Iyojwa'ja iʔĭnʸat (1).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 31; Claesson 2016b: 31. Plural: -es. Distinct from ʔwaːx {ʼwaaj} 'stagnant water / lagoon' [Claesson

2016a: 105].

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 44. Plural: wah-ãy. In Pilcomayo and Formosa another stem is used: inɑt {inät} [Gutiérrez

& Osornio 2015: 43; Avram 2008: 72], plural - ayis.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Polysemy: 'water / river / lagoon'. Cf. tokiʔĭ, glossed as 'water / dam'.

95. WE1

Eastern Wichi ʔn-ɬam-ĩɬ {nʼlhamilh} (1), Bazan Wichi n-ɬam-ˈiɬ (1), Nocten Wichi ʔin-aːm-ˈeɬ

{ʼinaamelh} (1), Guisnay Wichi nʼ-am-el {nʼamel} (1), Iyojwa'ja s-aʔam (5).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 335. Inclusive.

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Inclusive.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 32; Claesson 2016b: 27. Inclusive.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 26. Inclusive.


95. WE2

42

Eastern Wichi to-ɬam-ĩɬ {tolhamilh} (2), Bazan Wichi n-am-ˈiɬ (3), Nocten Wichi ʔo-ɬaːm-ˈeɬ

{ʼolhaamelh} (4), Guisnay Wichi o- am-el {olhamel} (4).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 335. Distinct from n-ãm-ĩɬ {namilh} (hortative).

Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. Exclusive.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 45; Claesson 2016b: 27. Exclusive. Older form: ʔno-ɬaːm-ˈeɬ {ʼnolhaamelh} [Claesson 2016a: 72].

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 26; Avram 2008: 52 (ʔno- am-el). Exclusive.

96. WHAT

Eastern Wichi ʔatʼe / ʔatʼe-p {atʼe / atʼep} (1), Bazan Wichi atʼˈe-p (1), Nocten Wichi hˈaːcʼiʔ ~

ʔatʼ ~ ʔanʼ ~ hatʼ ~ hanʼ ~ ʔɑp=hˈaːcʼiʔ ~ pʼ=ˈaːcʼiʔ {háatsʼiʼ ~ ʼatʼ ~ ʼanʼ ~ hatʼ ~ hanʼ ~ ʼàp háatsʼiʼ ~

pʼáatsʼiʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja te-n ~ te-mpa ~ te-pi (2).


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 329. Polysemy: 'what / who / whose'.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 17, 147. Polysemy: 'what / who'.



97. WHITE

Eastern Wichi pel {pelaj} (1), Bazan Wichi pelˈah (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=pelˈax {ʼipelaj} (1),

Guisnay Wichi pelax {pelaj} (1), Iyojwa'ja lemi (2).





Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 42; Avram 2008: 41 (pelah).

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -çi.

98. WHO

Eastern Wichi ʔatʼe / ʔatʼe-p {atʼe / atʼep} (1), Bazan Wichi atʼe (1), Nocten Wichi hˈaːcʼiʔ ~ ʔatʼ

~ ʔanʼ ~ hatʼ ~ hanʼ ~ ʔɑp=hˈaːcʼiʔ ~ pʼ=ˈaːcʼiʔ {háatsʼiʼ ~ ʼatʼ ~ ʼanʼ ~ hatʼ ~ hanʼ ~ ʼàp háatsʼiʼ ~ pʼáatsʼiʼ}

(1).

43


Eastern Wichi: Nercesian 2014: 329. Polysemy: 'what / who / whose'.


Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 17, 147. Polysemy: 'what / who'.



99. WOMAN

Eastern Wichi ʔaci ã (1), Bazan Wichi acihn (1), Nocten Wichi ʔaci aʔ {ʼatsiinhaʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi aci ã {atsinha} (1), Iyojwa'ja ase aʔă (1).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 18; Claesson 2016a: 9. Plural: -ç.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 28; Avram 2008: 97, 98 (aci ãʔ ~ acinaʔ). Distinct from ucʰã {lhutsha} 'young woman'

[Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 51], plural ucʰã-y or uca-y {lhuts(h)ay}.


100. YELLOW

Bazan Wichi k tḛ (1), Nocten Wichi ya=qaːʔtˈuʔ / =ya=qaʔtˈuʔ {yaqaaʼtuʼ / =yaqaʼtuʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi qaʔtu {kaʼtu} (1), Iyojwa'ja mahaʔă (2).





Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 42; Avram 2008: 50 (ya=qɑʔtuʔ).


101. FAR

Eastern Wichi tufʷey {tufwey} (1), Bazan Wichi a=tuhʷˈey (1), Nocten Wichi ʔatoːxʷˈeʔ /

=ʔatoxʷˈeʔ {ʼatoojweʼ / =ʼatojweʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja yom (2) / toʍe (1).






44

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999.Drayson 1999. Plural: to-se.

102. HEAVY

Bazan Wichi ni=čuhɲˈat (1) / yukthˈuh (2), Nocten Wichi kʸoːçˈet / =kʸoçˈet {kyooyhet /

=kyoyhet} (1), Guisnay Wichi kʸoyhãt {choyhat} (1), Iyojwa'ja kʸohʸeti (1).



Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989.Braunstein 1989.




103. NEAR

Eastern Wichi ʔi=ʍo-ye {iwhoye} (1), Nocten Wichi tˈoːttʼaʔ / =tˈottʼaʔ {tóottʼaʔ / =tóttʼaʔ} (2).



Bazan Wichi: Not attested. The form nḭ=tˈuhʷaya is quoted in [Braunstein 1989], but it literally means 'not far'.




104. SALT

Eastern Wichi nĩsuy {nisuy} (1), Bazan Wichi nisˈuy (1), Nocten Wichi nisˈoyʼ {nisoyʼ} (1),

Guisnay Wichi nisoy {nisoy} (1), Iyojwa'ja siʍonʸeʔĕ (2).






Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Cf. kata(h) 'salt in earth'; tosihi 'salty'.

105. SHORT


45

Eastern Wichi: Not attested. Cf. nĩ=pta -ɑ 'not tall' [66].

Bazan Wichi: Not attested. The form ni=ptˈah-a is quoted in [Braunstein 1989], but it literally means 'not tall'.

Nocten Wichi: Not attested. Cf. ʔyaːçt-ʰˈoʔ {ʼyaayhthoʼ} 'to shorten / to reduce' [Claesson 2016a: 122].



106. SNAKE

Bazan Wichi ahʷecˈah (1), Nocten Wichi ʔamɬˈɑːx {ʼamlhààj} (2).



Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 12; Claesson 2016b: 9. Plural: -s.


Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Distinct from atoh 'yellow viper', inɬa 'viper'.

107. THIN

Bazan Wichi i=lupˈen # (1), Nocten Wichi ʔi=loːpˈe / =lopˈe {ʼiloopenh / =lopenh} # (1).


Bazan Wichi: Braunstein 1989. It is unclear if this form can refer to inanimate objects.

Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 226. Translated as 'flaco, escuálido'; these adjectives are usually used with reference to people, but

not to objects (the default word for thin objects and people in Spanish is {delgado}).



108. WIND

Eastern Wichi ʔihwokʷ ~ ʔinwokʷ {ihwokw} (1), Bazan Wichi inhʷokʷ (1), Nocten Wichi =yaːɬ

{=yaalh} (2) / xʷoːxʷ {jwoojw} (3), Guisnay Wichi yahʷtʰĩtax {yafwlhitaj} # (4), Iyojwa'ja ɬaʍu

(5).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 222; Claesson 2016b: 11. Plural: -lis, -ɬayis. Cf. yaːxʷtʰitˈax {yaajwthitaj} 'North / North wind' [Claesson

2016a: 525]; tapi iʔ {tapiinhiʼ} [Claesson 2016a: 372].Claesson 2016a: 173. Polysemy: 'wind / air'.

Guisnay Wichi: Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015: 44. Cited as a Pilcomayo form; it is unclear if Misión Chaqueña is included. Plural:

yahʷɬit-as {yafwlhitas}. In Bermejo another form is used: ihwok {ihwok}, plural - ayis.

Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Distinct from maʔnuk 'Northeastern wind', woma 'Western wind'.

46

109. WORM

Nocten Wichi xʷunaːhˈiʔ {jwunaahiʼ} (1), Iyojwa'ja i ahʸaʔă (2).





Iyojwa'ja: Drayson 1999. Plural: -yis. Refers to an earthworm. Other words for worms: awoʔŏ, aʔăl=awoʔŏ, i etimpe.

110. YEAR

Eastern Wichi nẽkčom {nekchom} (1), Bazan Wichi nekčˈom (1), Nocten Wichi nekkʸˈɑʔ

{nekkyàʼ} (0), Guisnay Wichi nekkʸɑʔ {nekchäʼ} # (1), Iyojwa'ja nahkap (2).




Nocten Wichi: Claesson 2016a: 262; Claesson 2016b: 23. Plural: -lis, -mis.

Guisnay Wichi: Avram 2008: 69 (nekkʸaʔ). Not attested in Misión Chaqueña.


Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Matacoan family. · 2 Güisnay Wichí Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015...

Documents

Transcript of Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Matacoan family. · 2 Güisnay Wichí Gutiérrez & Osornio 2015...