Animals

• Multicellular• Heterotrophic-• Aerobic- require oxygen• Most produce sexually most of the time• Most are mobile most of the time• Embryonic Development

– Ectoderm: Outer Layer– Endoderm: Inner Layer– Mesoderm: Middle Layer

dorsal

posterior

ventral

anterior

Radial symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

No Coelom vs. Coelom

epidermis gut cavity

no body cavity; region between gut and body wall packed with organs

Acoelomate organism(flatworm)

No Coelom

epidermis gut cavity

unlined body cavity (pseudocoel) around gut

Pseudocoelomate organism(roundworm)

Psuedocoel

epidermis gut cavity

peritoneum

lined body cavity (coelom); lining also holds internal organs in place

Coelomate organism

Coelom

Sponge

Sea anemone Coral

Figure 16.7(1)Page 267

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outer epithelium (epidermis)

mesoglea(matrix)

inner epithelium (gastrodermis)Medusa

Polyp

Cnidarian body plans

pharynx (protruded)

genital poreoviducttestisovary

branching gut

branching units collect and expel excess water

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Flukes mature and mate in human host

Fertilized eggs exit in feces

Ciliated larva hatches

Larva burrow into snail; multiply asexually

Fork-tailed larva leave snail, enter human host

Tape Worms

Portion of a tapeworm

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proglottids scolex

Worm Body Structure

Figure 16.18bPage 273

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Polychaete Worm

Arthropods

Lobster

ArtrhopodCrustaceans

egg

Larva molts five times

Female carries fertilized eggs under abdomen until they hatch

Young crab molts many times before reaching maturity, and throughout lifetime thereafter

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Mollusk

Mollusk Body Plan

Mollusks

Another Mollusk

Echinoderms

Sea Star

Sea urchins

Sea cucumber

Brittle starDo not post to Internet

Vertebrates

dorsal, tubular nerve cord

notochord

pharynx with gill slits tail extending past anus

anus

pore of atrial cavityhindgut

gonadaorta

midgut

segmented muscles

tentaclelike structures

around mouth

Lancelet

Early jawless fish (an agnathan)

supporting structures

gill slit

jaw Early jawed fish (a placoderm)

Galápagos shark

Manta rayDo not post to Internet

caudal fin dorsal fin dorsal fin

pelvic fin(pair)

pectoral fin(pair)

anal fin

inside lobed fin; bony or cartilaginous structures (orange) undergoing modification

limb bones of an early amphibian

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yolk sac embryo

chorion

amnion

albumin (“white” of the egg)hardened shell

allantois

Figure 16.32bPage 283

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Birds

Confuciusornis sanctusDo not post to Internet

Mammals

Koala

Fig. 16.33d,ePage 284

Bat

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Figure 16.33fPage 284

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