Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

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Role of Dairy Products in Human Nutrition

Jurjen DraaijerAnimal Production OfficerFAO Rome

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

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FAO

• Eradicating hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition• Importance of balanced, healthy, and sustainable diet• Knowledge Centre - Provide advice to member

countries• Role and value of various foods • from production to consumption• Their role in human nutrition and health

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

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“Milk and dairy products in human nutrition”

Technical Editors: Ellen MuehlhoffAnthony BennettDeirdre McMahon

FAO, Nutrition and Agro-Industries divisions

Rome, 2013

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

4

Book Chapters

1. Intro2. Production, demand and outlook3. Composition4. Dairy in diets5. Components6. Safety / quality7. Nutrition programs8. Development

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

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Good Nutrition and Health

• Food adequate in quantity (dietary energy)• + quality (diversity, nutrient content, food

safety)• Essential for child growth & development• Body maintenance• Protection from diseases• Prerequisite for poverty reduction and

development

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

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Good Nutrition and Health

• 870 m people undernourished(dietary energy, 2010-2012, 132m decrease from ’90)

• 852 m in developing countries• 165 m <5y stunted (low height for age)

2011, 26% of all children, 35% decrease from ’90

• 101 m <5y underweight (composite indicator)• 52 m <5y wasted (low weight for height)• Micronutrient malnutrition (vit A, Iodine, Zinc, Vit B12,

folate)

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

7

Dairy Production, demand, outlook

• Increases in developing countries• Small-scale in margin• Milk consumption developing countries 2x• High income elasticity of demand• South Asia – growth highest, also SE Asia• Cow milk (83%), buffalo (13%), goats (2.4%), sheep

(1.4%), camels (0.3%)

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

8

Dairy Production, demand, outlookTrends & emerging issues:

• Growth E Asia, S Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa• Fastest growing agriculture sub-sectors• Production growth 2% annually 2012 – 2021• Issues: feed, land, water, GHG, diseases• GHG – productivity• Consumption patterns / market standards / competition

vs small-scale producers --- policies?

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

9

Dairy composition• 134 Kcal energy, 8 g protein, 7.3 g fat / day• Mainly cow milk• buffalo 2x fat• Goat milk rich in short/medium FA, digestible• Sheep, more fat / lactose• Dromedary – digestibility

β casein, no β lactoglobulin

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

10

Dairy processing• Essential microbiological safety• Heat – degradation of vitamins, esp Vit C• Fortification – e.g. Vit A, D, C, Iron• Storage / light effects• Fermenting – easier digested• Cheese – whey proteins

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

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Factors affecting milk composition• Species• Stage of lactation• Breed• No of lactations• Seasons• Age / health of animal• Feed• No. of milkings

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

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Milk as part of a diet

• high nutrient content• Milk fat – 50% energy in whole milk• fat soluble vitamins• 400 different fatty acids 60 percent saturated• high-quality protein, all essential amino acids• significant contribution to requirements for Ca, Mg, Se, Zinc,

riboflavin, vit B12 and pantothenic acid• low in sodium and iron• Vit A (buffalo, goat), Vit C (sheep, dromedary)

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

13

Milk as part of the diet• Complicated - interaction nutrients• Bio-availability of e.g. Ca is high• no phytates, oxalates• Lactose/amino acids that enhance mineral absorption

• First 2-3 y important for growth• Ca and Vit D most important for growth (also Potassium,

Zinc, vit A, C, K, protein, energy)• Ca & Vit D interdependent• Vit D 5-15 μg/day – Ca 800-1,300 mg / day

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

Meeting/Workshop title • place and date

14

Milk as part of the diet• Evaluate food as a whole not ingredients• E.g. fortification• Skimmed milk – less fat soluble vitamins• Low fat products – more sugar• Health claims sometimes misleading• Balance and variety fundamental

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

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Safety

• Food-borne illnesses• Processing proven to ensure safety• Risk management in value chain• Safety animal feed important

(aflatoxin)

• Animal health services

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

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Dairy development programs• Review of programs• Dairy production, school milk, fortification,

powder/blended foods• Nutrition evidence limited• Production: Nutrition objectives and indicators missing• School: positive, but fat/sugar• Fortification: Iron / Vit D positive – Zinc questionable

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

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Dairy industry development programs• Focus on smallholders important• Women focus – effect on nutrition• Nutrition / income combined• Employment• Daily income• Private sector involvement• Priority to training and education• Long term approach• Need for nutrition objectives and indicators

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

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Importance of Dairy in Nutrition – Conclusions• Milk part of healthy, balanced diet, energy/protein• Large part of needs for Ca, Mg, Se, riboflavin, vit B12 &

pantothenic acid (B5), low in sodium, folate and iron• High income elasticity• Importance of nutrients working together• A lot of unknowns in nutrition / complexity• Importance of safety• Dairy programs – HH food security, health&nutrition, income,

employment, poverty reduction• Nutrient component and indicators needed in development

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015

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Thank you!

IADG meeting – Berlin, 18 – 20 November 2015