Animal Phyla Museum Stations...Phylum Porifera Sponges are considered the oldest of the animal...
Transcript of Animal Phyla Museum Stations...Phylum Porifera Sponges are considered the oldest of the animal...
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Animals All animals are members of the Kingdom Animalia, also called Metazoa.
This Kingdom does not contain prokaryotes (Kingdom Monera, includes bacteria, blue‐green algae) or protists (Kingdom Protista, includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms).
All members of Animalia are multicellular, and all are heterotrophs (that is, they rely directly or indirectly on other organisms for their nourishment).
Most ingest food and digest it in an internal cavity.
Animals Animal cells lack the rigid cell walls that characterize plant cells. The bodies of most animals (all except sponges) are made up of cells organized into tissues, each tissue specialized to some degree to perform specific functions.
Most animals are capable of complex and relatively rapid movement compared to plants and other organisms.
Most reproduce sexually, by means of differentiated eggs and sperm.
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Phylum Porifera Sponges are considered the oldest of the animal phyla. The name Porifera means "pore bearer" in Latin.
Sponges are very slow‐moving animals that are found across the sea floor. Although many sponges actually move less than a millimeter a day, some adult sponges are actually sessile, which means that they are fixed onto something and do not move at all.
Phyla Porifera The body of the sponge is made up of a jelly‐like substance that is supported by a thin layer of cells on either side. The body of the sponge contain thousands of pores which allow water to keep flowing through it.
Sponges are omnivorous animals that obtain their nutrition from the food particles in the water. Sponges primarily eat bacteria, phytoplankton and bits out of the water.
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Phyla Porifera Due to the abundance and variety of sponges, they are preyed upon by many animals. The fact that sponges move so slowly, if at all, means that they cannot avoid being eaten. Sea turtles, crustaceans, fish and echinoderms all prey on sponges.
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Phylum Cnidaria The Phylum Cnidaria includes such diverse forms as jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, and corals.
Cnidarians have radial symmetry.
Cnidarians have two basic body forms, medusa and polyp.
Medusa, such as adult jellyfish, are free‐swimming or floating. They usually have umbrella‐shaped bodies.
Polyps, in contrast, are usually sessile. They have tubular bodies; one end is attached to the substrate, and a mouth (usually surrounded by tentacles) is found at the other end.
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Polyp
Medusa
Phylum Cnidaria The characteristic that defines cnidarians is the nematocyst(stinging cells). These tiny organelles are both highly efficient devices for capturing prey and extremely effective deterrents to predators.
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Pylum Annelida The annelids include earthworms, polychaete worms, and leeches. All members of the group are to some extent segmented.
Bilateral symmetry
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Earth Worms Improve the physical structure
of the soil
Improve water filtration rates and absorption rates helping the soil to drain better. Less runoff equals less watering and less erosion.
The tunneling activity improves soil aeration, porosity, and permeability.
Waste is good for fertilizing gardens and crops
Leech Therapy Leech saliva has anti‐coagulant properties (prevents blood from clotting)
Used to repair damage tissue of treat blood clots among other disorders
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Phylum Mollusca All have soft bodies, a shell and have a strong muscular foot, which is used for movement or grasping.
A feature unique to molluscs is a file‐like, rasping tool called a radula. This structure allows them to scrape algae and other food off.
Three Types of Molluscs Gastropods – snails and slugs
Bivalves – clams and oysters
Cephalopods – squid and octopus
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Phylum Arthropods Of the roughly one‐and‐a‐quarter million named animal species, over one million are arthropods. These animals occupy by far the widest variety of habitats on Earth.
The name Arthropodmeans "jointed foot."
All arthropods have segmented bodies and are covered in a jointed, protective armor called an exoskeleton.
Bilateral symmetry
Class Crustacea Include lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp, and barnacles.
All have two pairs of antennae, a pair of mandibles, a pair of compound eyes and two pair of maxillae on their heads.
Crustaceans respire via gills.
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Class Arachnida These are the scorpions, spiders, mites, horseshoe crabs, and "sea spiders."
8 or 4 pairs of walking legs.
Respiration is by means of book gills, book lungs, or tracheae.
Class Insecta Insects have bodies of three segments, icluding a head, thorax, and abodmen;
A pair of relatively large compound eyes
A pair of antennae
Two pairs of wings, derived from outgrowths of the body wall
Three pairs or six legs
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Class Insecta
Examples include
Flies
Bees
Butterflies
Grasshoppers
Beetles
Phylum Echinodermata Live in aquatic environments
While many echinoderms begin life as a bilateral larva, later in life they become radial with five‐part symmetry .
Echinoderms move, feed and breathe with a unique water‐vascular system ending in what are called tube feet.
Sea stars use their tube feet to slowly pry open clams, mussels or other prey.
The bodies of echinoderms are made of hard, calcium‐based plates that are often spiny and covered by a thin skin.
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Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum ChordataSubphylum Vertebrata
Chordates have their skeletons on the inside.
Three features are present in all chordates.
Notochord ‐ in many members (e.g., the vertebrates) is later replaced by a bony, vertebral column.
Hollow nerve structure that becomes the spinal cord and brain.
Pharyngeal gill slits. (Our gill slits close up when we're still embryos.)
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Fish Class Chondritcthyes
Cartilagenous fish
Skeleton of cartilage
Includes sharks, skates and sting rays
Fish Class Osteoicthyes
Bony fish
Skeleton of calcified bones
Includes tuna, perch, and swordfish
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Fish Class Agnatha
Jawless fish
Skeleton of cartilage
Examples include hagfish and lampreys
Class Amphibia Smooth skin, used for breathing
Lives partly in the water
Examples include
Frogs
Toads
Salamanders
Caecillians
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Class Reptilla Body covered in scales
Lays eggs with a hard shell
Examples
Snakes
Lizards
Alligators
Crocodiles
Class Aves Covered in feathers for flight
Hollow bones to reduce weight
Lay hard shelled eggs
Examples
Cardinals
Penguins (flightless)
Ostriches
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Class Mammalia Have hair
Give birth to live young
3 Types
Monotremes – egg laying Platypus and Echnidna
Marsupial – pouch Kangaroo and Opossom
Placental – live young Bears, Lions, Humans