Phylum Phylum PoriferaPorifera

Sponges-”Pore-Sponges-”Pore-bearing”bearing”

Phylum PoriferaSponges-”Pore-bearing”

Basic Characteristics

•Aquatic environments

•Sessile-they can’t move

•Heterotrophic filter feeder

•Respirations & Excretion carried through water

•No nervous System

•Reproduce Sexually(hemaproditic) & Asexually

•Asymmetric symmetry

Phylum PoriferaSponges-”Pore-bearing”

Special Adaptations• Regeneration• “collar cells” have flagella to filter food• Large opening in top of sponge where water exits

Water flow

ChoanocyteSpiculePore cellPoreEpidermal cellArchaeocyte

OsculumCentral cavity

Pores

Phylum PoriferaSponges-”Pore-bearing”

The Good And the Bad

• Make up coral reefs• Protect land from

waves• Animal habitat• Consumer products

Phylum PoriferaSponges-”Pore-bearing”

For Example….

• Euspongia - bath sponge

• Glass sponges

• Tube sponges

• Finger sponges

Phylum Cnidaria

“stinging cells”

Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”

Basic Characteristics•Radial Symmetry•sting and capture food•Aquatic, mostly marine•Two body forms•Movement: Polyp= sessile, Medusa= free-swimming•Asexual and sexual reproduction

Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”

Special Adaptations• NEMATOCYSTS-stinging

cells

• Coral= colonial

• Have nerve nets (network of nerve cells that allow it to detect stimuli)

Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”

The Good And the Bad• Coral reefs-aquatic

habitats• Symbiotic

relationships-Sea Anemone

• Can be deadly-Man O war

Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”

For Example….• Hydra-Man O war• Jellyfish• Sea Anemone • Coral reefs

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

Basic Characteristics• Symmetry: Bilateral

• Parasites (absorb), carnivores, scavengers

• Aquatic(fresh & salt), Terrestrial, within a host

• Reproduction: Asexual (REGENERATION) and sexual

• acoelomate -no body cavity

• CEPHALIZATION or a head with ganglia or small brain

= mouth & anus

(detect light)

PLANARIA

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

Special Adaptations• One opening to digestive system,

mouth&anus

• rely on diffusion to get oxygen

• eyespots to detect light

• move by cilia and body muscle

• reproduce asexually by fission & regeneration and sexually by being hermaphrodites, contain both male & female parts

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

The Good And the Bad

• Free living flatworms often eat dead matter

• Flukes are parasitic flat worms

• Tapeworms, eat your digested food.

Schistosoma mansoni

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

For Example….

Non-parasitic planaria

Parasitic Liver fluke

Parasitic Tapeworm

Phylum Nematoda

“roundworms”

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

Basic Characteristics• Symmetry: Bilateral

• Carnivores, Parasites, Scavengers

• Habitat: Aquatic, terrestrial, within a host, very diverse

• Reproduction: Sexual (internal fertilization)

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

Special Adaptations• Two body openings,

mouth & anus• Pseudocoelom-false

body cavity• Diffusion carries

nutrients and wastes

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

The Good And the Bad• Used in scientific

research• Phylum well know for

parasite species• Some parasite worms

can clog blood vessels• Other worms eat host

digested food

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

For Example….• Hook worms• Trichinosis• Ascaris (Heartworms)• C. Elegans

Phylum Annelida

“segmented worms”

Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”

Basic Characteristics• Symmetry: Bilateral

• Feeding: Carnivores, Scavengers, Parasites, very diverse

• Habitat: Terrestrial and Aquatic

• Reproduction: Mostly sexual (external fertilization for separate sexes), some species are hermaphroditic

Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”

Special Adaptations– Well-developed nervous system (brain and nerve cords– Coelom-first to have true body cavity– Closed circulatory system-does not rely on diffusion– Hydrostatic Skeleton-longitudinal and circular muscles

Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”

The Good And the Bad• Decomposer,

earthworms• Medical uses, leeches• Important part of food

chain, terrestrial & aquatic

Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”

For Example….• Earthworms• Leeches• Polychaetes,

marines annelids

Germ Layers

 Ectoderm Nervous system, epidermis of the skin, pituitary,

lens of eye

 Mesoderm Muscles, skeleton, notochord, circulatory system,

kidney, reproductive system

 Endoderm Lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, epithelial

lining of lungs, many endocrine glands

FlatwormsRoundwormsSegmented

worms

AcoelomateAcoelomatePseudocoelomatePseudocoelomate CoelomateCoelomate

Phylum Mollusca

“the mollusks”

Phylum Mollusca “soft body”

Basic Characteristics• Bilateral Symmetry

• Herbivores, Carnivores, Filter-feeders, Scavengers, or Parasites

• Aquatic and Terrestrial

• Movement: Motile (very diverse ways, even jet propulsion!)

• Reproduction: Sexual (often external fertilization

Phylum Mollusca “soft body”

Special Adaptations• Gastropods

– shell-less or single-shelled mollusks, use muscular foot to move

– ex: slugs, snails– Respire through diffusion

• Bivalves: – Have two shells held together by

muscles– Ex: clams, oysters, mussels– Respire with gills

• Cephalopods– Squids, Octopi, and Chambered

Nautiluses– Show very intelligent, learned

behaviors– Feet with suckers

Phylum Mollusca “soft body”

The Good And the Bad

• Large food source for humans and other animals

• Live symbiotically with other organisms

• Some are filter feeders, decomposers

• Used in scientific research

Phylum Mollusca “soft body”

For Example….• Clams• Oysters• Nautilus• Snails, slugs• Octopus• Squid

Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”

Basic Characteristics• Radial Symmetry

• Carnivores and scavengers

• Marine

• Motile, most use tube feet

• Reproduction: Sexual (external fertilization)

Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”

Special Adaptations

• Spiny skin• Internal skeleton• Water vascular system • Tube feet (suction), used to pry open

clams, oysters

Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”

The Good And the Bad• Important in predator of urchins, clams• Bio-indicators of marine life • Crown-of-thorns, destroyed extensive areas of coral, especially the

Great Barrier Reef

Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”

For Example….• Sea Cucumbers• Sea Urchins• Brittle Star• Sea Stars

Phylum Arthropoda

“jointed appendages”

Phylum Arthropoda “jointed legs”

Basic Characteristics• Bilateral Symmetry• Herbivores, carnivores, and

omnivores• Aquatic and Terrestrial,

VERY diverse habitats• Motile, using well-developed

groups of muscles

• Sexual Reproduction(internal and external fertilization)

• Open Circulatory System

*Legs are always attached to thorax

Basic insect internal structure

HEAD

THORAX

ABDOMEN

ANTENNA

Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”

Special Adaptations

– Exoskeleton of chitin, molting– Jointed appendages– Respiration: tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs– Can taste and smell with mouthparts, antennae & legs– Heightened sense of hearing and detecting movement– Specialized mouthparts for eating almost anything– Many can fly-have spread everywhere!

Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”

The Good And the Bad

• Many insects cause damage– Termites, Lice– Mosquitos(spread

disease, malaria)– Locusts

• Many Insects contribute to life– Pollinate plants– Produce honey,

wax, silk– Sometimes we eat

them!

METAMORPHOSIS

CompleteMetamorphosisIncomplete

Metamorphosis

Adult

Adult

Eggs

Eggs

Larva

LarvaPupa

Adult

Adult

Immature

Nymph

Nymph

Nymph

Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”

For Example….

Crustaceans• Crabs• Lobsters• Shrimp• Crayfish• Barnacles

Spiders

•Horseshoe crabs

•Tarantulas

•Ticks

•ScorpionsInsects

•Centipedes

•Millipedes

•Beetles

•Flies

•Wasps