Animal Cell Plant Cell

Cells• Smallest unit of life

• Made up of ORGANELLES

• separate part of the cell with a unique function

• Two types

Nucleus Manages cell

functions Contains the cell’s

genetic information Features:

Contains Nucleolus makes ribosomes Found inside the

nucleus

Features cont.: Nuclear membrane

Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

Cytoplasm Functions:

Allows chemical reactions

Supports organelles (like pieces of fruit in jelly)

Features: Jelly-like 70-90% water

Cytoskeleton a network of protein fibers

Functions: Gives strength, support & shape

to the cell Provides movement for objects

inside cell Features:

Can be dis- and reassembled to change shape of cell

Acts like a monorail system for transport using “motor proteins.”

Mitochondria Function:

the center of cell respiration/energy processing

Releases energy from covalent bonds of food molecules

Features: double membranes own DNA

Cell membrane Function:

Controls what enters/exits the cell

Features: found around

outside of cell Selectively

permeable: only allows certain substances in and out of cell.

Feature cont.: made of a

phospholipid bilayer Swap a phosphate for

one fatty acid in a triglyceride

Hydrophilic phosphate faces the water

Hydrophobic tails gather together away from water

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Function: Makes and transports

proteins Features:

Long membrane “channels”

Attached to nuclear membrane.

Does have ribosomes attached

Ribosomes Function:

make proteins for the cell to use

Features: Some floating

free in the cytoplasm

Some attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Function:

transport and communication

Makes & transports lipids & carbohydrates

Features: No ribosomes

attached has tubes and canals.

Golgi Complex/Apparatus Function:

Makes membranes creates some products

for secretion Collects, modifies, and

packages proteins for storage and/or shipment

Features: Looks like stacks of

pancakes Many layers of

membranes

Vesicles Function:

Carry finished products to interior or exterior of cell

Feature: Membranes

formed from Golgi

Organelles

• Lysosome Function:

Digest worn out organelles & foreign particles

Destroy bacteria Remove toxic wastes

Features: Contain digestive

enzymes About 40 types

Cell Wall Function:

Provides rigid support and structure to plant cells

Features: Found outside the

cell membrane Made mostly of

carbohydrates

• Chloroplast• Function:

• Photosynthesis: convert light energy into chemical energy (stored in covalent bonds of food)

• Features: Contain pigments

(like chlorophyll) that help capture light energy

Have own DNA

• Vacuole• Function:

• Store water and undigested materials

• Features: Large sac in plants

cells Small in animal

cells

Animal Cell Plant Cell