Animal Cell and OrganellesWhy is each part of the cell needed for survival?

Discussion Questions

• What systems are familiar with?

• How would you define a system? • Parts brought together to work• Multiple parts that work together• Many things that are brought together to

become one

The Cell is like a Factory

• A factory is a system that is very similar to the system within our cells

• Who are the players? • what do they do?

PBIS Warm Up

Jodie’s packed lunch is sitting right next to her in the computer lab. It is ten minutes before lunch and she is really hungry.

1. When and where should Jodie enjoy eating her lunch?2. Why are food and drink not allowed in the computer lab?

Nucleus• “manager” of cell = CEO• surrounded by nuclear envelope - composed of 2

membranes w/ pores• pores allow substances to pass in/out of nucleus• nucleus contains:

– ____DNA___ - instructions for cell– __nucleolus__- produces ribosomes - shipped

out into cell

Cytoplasm

• Fluid inside cell• clear, jelly-like substance which makes

up most of cell’s volume• Factory floor

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• folded membrane of connected compartments

• functions as cell’s delivery system = assembly line

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• provides large surface area for cell (more chemical reactions can take place)

• lipids are synthesized on surface of ER– Rough ER: studded w/ ribosomes– Smooth ER: no ribosomes

Ribosomes

• Assemble proteins (mostly enzymes)• Made in _____nucleolus_____• Usually found on surface of ER• ER transports amino acids to ribosomes,

which then makes the protein the cell needs.

• ER delivers proteins to Golgi.

Golgi Body (Apparatus)

• Packaging & storage• Stack of flattened membranes (again, to

increase surface area)• receives proteins & lipids from ER &

distributes them where needed in cell.• Substances are transferred in cell via vesicles.

Mitochondria

• double-membraned organelle in eukaryotic cells (animals & plants)

• produce energy storage molecules (ATP)• double membrane-bound organelle - made of

outer membrane & highly-folded inner membrane (incr. surface area)– inner membrane= where chemical reactions take

place to produce ATP

Plasma Membrane• separates inside of cell from the environment• flexible and can change shape slightly• regulates what molecules enter and exit the

cell• enter: Oxygen, water

glucose• exit: carbon dioxide,

waste, excess water

8. Vesicles

• membrane-bound sacs• pinch off end of ER, travel to golgi & fuse w/ it• Golgi modifies proteins chemically &

repackages them in new vesicles for their final destination in the cell– used in cell– stored for later use– expelled from cell

10. Lysosomes

• vesicles which contain digestive enzymes• used to digest worn-out cell parts, food

particles, invading bacteria• membrane surrounding the lysosome

prevents enzymes from destroying the cell.

13. Cytoskeleton

• creates scaffold to provide support for organelles

• helps maintain shape of cell

Plant Cell vs Animal Cell

9. Vacuoles

• vesicles used for temporary storage• store food, enzymes, waste products• are very large in plants

Cell Wall (Plant Cell)

• Present in plants, fungi, bacteria (not animal cells)

• more rigid than plasma membrane• protects & supports cells• plant cell walls made of cellulose

(carbohydrate)

12. Chloroplasts

• Found in green plants• Take energy from light & transform it into chemical

energy, then stores that energy in form of sugars & starches

• contain green pigment called chlorophyll– enables plant to capture energy from light

• similar in structure to mitochondria– double membrane-bound organelle - made of outer

membrane & highly-folded inner membrane• inner membrane = where energy from light is captured.