Sponges. Wet sponges can only give. Dry sponges can only take.
Animal Body Systems Section 27.2. Important Functions: Digestion Sponges digest their food inside...
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Transcript of Animal Body Systems Section 27.2. Important Functions: Digestion Sponges digest their food inside...
![Page 1: Animal Body Systems Section 27.2. Important Functions: Digestion Sponges digest their food inside their cells the food cannot be larger than the cell.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072011/56649e385503460f94b283a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Animal Body Systems
Section 27.2
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Important Functions:Digestion Sponges digest their food inside their cells
the food cannot be larger than the cell All other animals digest food outside their cells –
extracellular digestion food can be larger Simple animals have a digestive system with
one opening – gastrovascular cavity Complex animals have a digestive tract with 2
openings – mouth and anus “Tube within a tube” plan – allows for
specialization
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Important Functions, con’t:Respiration
In simple animals, O2 & CO2 are exchanged by diffusion across moist skin
Aquatic animals use gills – rich in blood vessels, provide a large surface area, must be moist to work
Lungs function on land – do not require as much moisture
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Important Functions, con’t: Circulation Larger animals must have some way of
transporting O2 and nutrients Two types of circulatory systems:
Open circulatory system – heart pumps blood through the open spaces of the body cavity; not very efficient
Closed circulatory system – heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood is not in direct contact with cells – materials diffuse through vessel walls
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Important Functions, con’t: Conduction of nerve impulses Needed to coordinate activities All animals except sponges have nerves Simple animals have a nerve net – all cells are similar
and there is little coordination Bilaterally symmetrical animals have clusters of nerves –
ganglia In simple animals, ganglia at the anterior end form brain-
like structures Cephalized animals – with heads – have complex
brains and sensory organs
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Important Functions, con’t: Support Skeleton provides support and a way for the
animal to move Three types of skeletons:1. Hydrostatic – water under pressure inside the
body cavity; found in soft-bodied invertebrates2. Exoskeleton – a rigid external skeleton; found
in some invertebrates3. Endoskeleton – hard material, such as
cartilage or bone, inside the animal
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Important Functions, con’t: Excretion The removal of wastes made by cells These wastes are toxic – poisonous Aquatic animals can dilute wastes with water Land animals need to save water, so they may
produce urea, which is less toxic Kidneys then filter urea from the blood and
produce urine
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Important Functions, con’t: Reproduction Asexual reproduction – only 1 cell Parthenogenesis – new individual from an unfertilized
egg; some insects & fish Sexual reproduction – 2 cells that join Hermaphrodites – one animal produces both sex cells;
usually does not self-fertilize; can mate with any other External fertilization – the egg is fertilized outside the
female; must be laid in water to keep moist Internal fertilization – egg is fertilized inside the female
& then may given a shell & laid on land or develop inside the mother