animal and plant protein in feedsprotein in feeds for ... 2009 presentation by Leyton e… · Unit...

Sustainable and cost-efficient replacement of fish meal by animal and plant protein in feedsanimal and plant protein in feeds for Atlantic salmon salmo salarfor Atlantic salmon salmo salar

By P. Leyton, S. Refstie, J. Árnason,By P. Leyton, S. Refstie, J. Árnason,G. Lehnebach & T. Åsgård

Objectives

Replace the fish meal in salmon diets by l t t i d i b d t tplant protein and avian by-products to

investigate effects on

1. Growth and feed utilisation

est gate e ects o

2. Cost efficiency3. Fish in / fish out4 Productivity4. Productivity

15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR

Feedstuffs

Protein sources:• Fish meal (FM)

Other:• Fish oil• Fish meal (FM)

• Shrimp meal• Fish oil• Wheat meal

• Poultry by-products meal

• Vit + min premix• Phosphorus

• Feather meal• Corn gluten meal

Phosphorus• Lysine HCl

• Corn gluten meal• Wheat gluten• Soybean meal• Lupin kernel meal


Lupin kernel meal

Test diets - composition

5% FM 10% FM 20% FM 36% FM

CP, % 41.0 41.2 40.7 41.4

Lipid, % 29.8 29.9 30.1 30.2

Ash, % 5.1 5.9 5.9 7.1

USD/ tonn* 620 663 772 860/ tonn


*Prices on Chiloe Island in July 2006

Test diets – 36% vs. 5% fish meal

Vit/min

Fish oil

Vit/min/AA

Shrimp

WheatFish meal

Vit/minWheat

Fish oil

Fish oil Shrimp meal

Feather L i

Poultry by

meal

Soybean l

Soybean meal

Lupin

y yproducts

Corn glutenWheat gluten

meal

Feather meal

Wheat glutenCorn gluten

mealFish meal

mealCorn gluten


Ingredient cost and use of marine protein in the dietsprotein in the diets

Ingredient cost USD / ton feed

1000 300

Ingredient cost, USD / ton feed

Use of marine protein, kg / ton feed

800

1000

eed

200250300

kg

400

600

/ ton

fe

150200 / ton f

200

400

USD

50100

feed

00 10 20 30 40

0


% FM in the diet

Fish and experimental details

• Location: Salmofood’s model sea farm at Liucura (Chiloe, Chile)

• Fish: Atlantic salmon; IBW = 721 g• Fish: Atlantic salmon; IBW = 721 g 1500 fish / pen

• Pens: 12 7 x 7 x 7 m

• Replication: 3 pens / treatment

• Saltwater (11 13 °C)• Saltwater (11 -13 C)

• 116 feeding days


g y

Weight gain

2500Initial BW Gain

ba a

1467 1546 1675 17312000

2500 b ab

1500

1000g

500

05 10 20 36


% FM in the diet

Growth (TGC x 1000)

4 0

Days 1-35 Days 36-116

3,0

4,0

000

R2 0 99 P 0 0001

2,0

GC

x 1

0

R2 = 0.99; P < 0.0001

R2 = 0.60; P = 0.240 0

1,0TG

0,00 10 20 30 40


% FM in the diet

FCR (feed intake / gain)

1 5

Days 1-35 Days 36-116

1 0

1,5

R2 = 0.95; P = 0.00010 5

1,0

FCR

R 0.95; P 0.0001

R2 = 0.70; P = 0.030 0

0,5

0,00 10 20 30 40


% FM in the diet

The aim of productivity is maximum ffi i t tili ti fefficient utilisation of resources

Increased net fish productionp(fish in / fish out < 1)


Ingredient cost and use of marine protein per ton salmon producedprotein per ton salmon produced

Ingredient cost USD / ton fish produced

1000 300

Ingredient cost, USD / ton fish produced

Use of marine protein / ton fish produced

800

1000

fish

200250300

kg

400

600

/ ton

f

100150200

g / ton f

200

400

USD

50100

fish

00 10 20 30 40

0


% FM in the diet

Wild fish caught for fish meal production / ton salmon producedproduction / ton salmon produced

1500

ish

1000

ught

fi

500wild

ca

kg w

00 10 20 30 40


% FM in the diet

Ton edible salmon produced / ton ediblefish caught for fish meal productionfish caught for fish meal production

4 0

5,0

3,0

4,0

2,0Net production

1,0

0,05 10 20 36


% FM in the diet

Unit produced / unit spentmarine proteinmarine protein

2,5

1 5

2,0

1,0

1,5 Net production

0,5

0,05 10 20 36


% FM in the diet

Conclusions

Reducing the dietary FM from 36 to 5%• Only marginally affected growth

I d th FCR b 8 5%• Increased the FCR by 8.5%• Reduced raw material costs by 31%Reduced raw material costs by 31%• Reduced marine protein use by 76%• Made Atlantic salmon a net producer of

i t i d i 2 5 timarine protein, producing 2.5 times as much as it consumed


Perspectives

• Further growth in aquaculture requires ffi i t f i f d t ffefficient use of marine feedstuffs

• Production and processing of grains• Production and processing of grainsoffers a wide variety of protein sources

• Animal and aquaculture by productsmay be “re circulated” into excellentmay be re-circulated into excellent protein sources for fish

• Salmon farming may becomeindependent of fish meal


independent of fish meal

Future fish feedsFuture fish feedscontains

littlefi h!fish!

Thank you15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR

Thank you.

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