And Algae Control · 2019-12-18 · Manual on the Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking,...

Biological Process of Wastewater

And Algae Control

Dick MarcheskiMaryland Biochemical Co

Good Settling = Good Floc

▪Floc - Biomass woven into a particle by a combination of

filaments, inert material and exopolymers produced by

bacteria in declining growth phase

The goal of wastewater treatment is to produce this…

A clean effluent

AVG. floc size150-600 microns

2

3

What we want!!

Unfortunately the reality

Mixing tankprior to aeration basin

Primary clarifier

Settling basin for ASB system

Nocardia foam

Foam on aeration tank

Bulking sludge

Settling issues5

Filaments

Denitrification

Bacteria

Primary decomposers of influent organic

waste.

Single cell microorganisms

Dependant on environmental conditions for

peak performance

Reproduction time in PURE

culture:

Bacillus sp. 20-30 minutes

Nitrifiers 12-48 hours

Methanogens 10-30 days

Spore forming Bacteria

Free Motile Bacteria

1. A microorganism must exist that can degrade the organics

2. The microbe must produce an enzyme that reacts with the organics

3. The microbe can get to the organics (mixing)

4. Requirements for metabolism are met (Biological Parameters):

• Oxygen (electron acceptor), macronutrients, micronutrients, pH, temperature.

5. Growth occurs (new microbes).

The following things must happen in order to degrade organics:

Operators aim to control this process

400X

Wastewater Biomass

7200X

Growth Pressures Affecting BioMass

Inert material

Operator

Temperature

SRT

pH

Soluble Organics

ToxinsDissolved Oxygen

Proper Biological Parameters are necessary for cell reproduction and function

pH

Dissolved Oxygen

Retention Time

Water temperature

Mixing

Nutrients N&P

Reproducing BioMass

Carbon Source (food)

• Range 6.5-8.5 Optimum 7.5

• High or Low pH – denatures enzymes

• 1.0 pH swing within 24 hours could be inhibitive pH

• Saturated oxygen as DO is the preferred source of respiration for the biomass

• Alternatives are nitrate and sulfate

• Range 0.5 – 3.0 Optimum 2.0

Dissolved Oxygen

• Sufficient time needed for organic degradation, varies on the components of the influent waste stream

Hydraulic Retention Time

Biological Parameters

• Every organism has a minimum, optimum and maximum growth temperature

• Drastic temperature swings could be inhibitive

Water Temperature

• Microorganisms are not hunters

• They absorb organics and oxygen in the water column through mixing or recirculation

Mixing

• Macronutrients: Nitrogen & Phosphorus

• Micronutrients: Minerals, Vitamins and Amino Acids

Nutrients



•MLSS vs MLVSSReproducing BioMass

•Waste streamCarbon Source

Monitoring the Biological Process

Operator

30 Minute Settling

Microscopic Exams

Monitoring the biomass through settling tests and microscopic

exams in addition to other daily monitoring, can give the operator a

more thorough explanation of plant performance

Aeration basin

Home of “active biomass”

Take the sample here!!

Find Funny Hungry Bugs

•Floc

•Size, shape, density

•Filaments

•Abundance, type

•Higher life forms

•Presence, abundance, diversity

•Bulk water

•Clean, containing inerts or

bacteria

Microscopic Exams

Floc

Size Density

100X magnification 400X magnification

Shape

400X magnification

All photos at 100X magnification

GOODNOT TO GOOD

GOOD*

NOT GOOD

OKAY BUT NOT GOOD GOOD/NOT GOOD

Filaments

Location of the filaments helps to determine the potential cause

ExtendingGrowth pressure change

Bulk waterPossibly substrate related

Examples of Abundance Ratings

3

4

5

Manual on the Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking, Foaming, and Other Solids Separation Problems 3rd edition Jenkins, Richard, Daigger Lewis Publishers

1

Rating

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Term

None

Few

Some

Common

Very Common

Abundant

Excessive

Description

No filamentous organisms present

Filaments present but only in

occasional floc particles

Filaments present in most, but not all

floc particles

Filaments observed in all particles at

low density (0-5 filament per floc)


medium density (5-20 filaments per

floc)


high density (>20 filaments per floc)

Appears more filamentous organisms

than floc particles and/or abundant

filamentous growth in the bulk solution

Adverse Settleability

Experienced?

No

No

No

If significant interfloc bridging

or open floc formation

Usually

Yes

Yes

Filament environment

▪Low Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.)

▪Low Nutrients (N and P)

▪Low Food to Mass ratio (F/M) or High F/M

▪Septicity/Organic acids

▪Readily degradable substrate

▪ Manual on the Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking, Foaming, and Other Solids Separation Problems 3rd edition Jenkins, Richard, Daigger LewisPublishers

Nocardia (gram stain G+) Type 0041

Thiothrix II (rosettes)

Filament examples

N. Limicola III (dead)

Jenkins Manual- 22 filamentsEikelboom- 87 Industrial filaments

Microscopic ExamsHigher Life Forms

Protozoa & MetazoaLook for presence, abundance, diversity

Suctoria

Microscopic ExamsBulk Water – Is it clean or does it contain inert material and/or

bacteria?

Poor Settling

Monitoring Settlingwith 30 minute settling test

30 Minute Settling

Shock Recovery

Inflow

or

Infiltration

Organic Shock

BOD, pH or temperature change,

Loss of Nitrification

Increasing the activity

of bacteria that decompose

organic pollutants

*http://www.everythingbio.com

Bioaugmentation

http://www.everythingbio.com/glos/definition.php?ID=278

http://www.everythingbio.com/

Manufacturing Process

Natural Occurring Bacteria

Petri Dish

Shake Flasks Fermentation Vats

Plant Start upHydraulic Washout or Organic Shock

Recovery

Filament Control/Recovery

Fat, Oil & Grease in the Collection

System and Plant

Low DO or oxygen availability

Aerobic and Anaerobic

Digester Efficiency

FoamingNutrient Removal –

Nitrification and Denitrification

Hot/Cold Weather Operations

High Chlorine Demand

Odors in Collection System and Plant

including H2S

Industrial discharge

Applications where adding cultured organisms will help

Bioaugmentation

NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION17/12/201935

Wastewater lagoons

Advantages:

•Simple construction

• Low capital costs

• Simple operation

Disadvantages:

•Solids buildup

•Effluent quality

•Land area requirements

•Limited operational flexibility

Industries:

•Municipal

• Pulp & Paper

• Food processing

• Refineries

• Polishing ponds

• General industry

Treatment goals:

• Meet permit requirements

• Minimize environmental impact and risk

• Minimize costs


Novozymes BioSpikes®

A biological alternative to dredging

• Reduce dredging costs

• Improve system efficiency

Novozymes BioSpikes® at work


Microorganisms, nutrients, and enzymes permeate throughout the sludge layer

Novozymes BioSpikes® are dropped at the water’s surface and sink directly into the sludge layer

• Minimizes Volume• Improve sludge quality• Improves system efficiency


Cost savings

Alternative to dredging

• Reduces dredging frequency

• Defers immediate need for dredging

• Solids reduction becomes an ongoing maintenance budget item, instead of a one-time large expense

Minimizes dredging costs

• The less sludge in the lagoon, the lower the dredging cost

Optimizes lagoon system performance

• Improves operating capacity

• Increases hydraulic retention time

• Minimizes short circuiting

Resulting in cleaner water and better handling of load swings


System efficiency

Reducing sludge in a municipal lagoon

NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION40 12/17/2019

RESULTS•28% reduction of sludge levels

•26% of the total lagoon capacity recovered

•A $600,000 dredging project deferred

BACKGROUND• 2.5-hectare (6-acre) lagoon• 3.4 m (11 ft) deep• Sludge level ranged from

2.4 to 3.0 m (8 to 10 ft)• Concerns about treatment

capability and solids capture• Received dredging quote of

USD 600,000


Maintaining low sludge levels in a municipal lagoon

Application:

• Goal was to minimize sludge buildup

• 76 m3 (20,000 gal) per day flow

• 2.74 m (9 ft) deep

• 38% reduction in sludge level

• Remained 33% lower after seven months

Before treatment After treatment

Surface aeration – requires a lot of energy which can cost a lot of $$

RELIANT

The Lagoon Master

Sludge Activating Aerator

RELIANT

Out of Water In the Water

• Phase 1 large bubbles (1” to 2” diameter) push water ahead of them and form a blanket of bubbles and high velocity water moving along the surface.

• Phase 2 small bubbles (<1mm in diameter) provide high volumes of dissolved oxygen because they are kept under water by the Phase 1 bubbles and fast moving surface water and have at least 25’ of residence time.

RELIANT

FINE BUBBLES, UNABLE TO RISE ABOVE TURBULANCE OFCOARSE BUBBLE FLOW, FINALLY BREAKING THE SURFACE

QUIESCENT WATER FORCES TURBULANT SURFACE FLOWING WATERTO FALL UNTIL IT HITS THE SLUDGE ON THE BOTTOM. THISTURBULANCE ON THE BOTTOM BEGINS SLUDGE FLUIDIZATION

OPPOSITE SHORE TURNS WATER BACK TOWARDTHE INTAKE OF THE MODEL WQA, WHICH PULLS9 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER THROUGH ITSELFPER DAY. THIS FLOWING WATER COMPLETES THEFLUIDIZATION OF THE SLUDGE

RELIANT

RELIANT

Lagoon Master

RELIANT

A 60 acre facultative wastewater lagoon that is used by 4 towns in SE Louisiana

Baffles

Inlets for4 towns

RELIANT

Same lagoon only 6 months after installing a newSludge Activating Sub-surface Aerator

Baffles

Activated sludge4.77 acres

Single Lagoon Master

60 Acre Lagoon System

Boutte, LA

Sat photo datedNovember 2011

Lagoon Master installed September 2012

This Sat photo datedMarch 2013

Lagoon Master Aerator

Lagoon Master

Area of influence

Inlets to lagoon

Sludge islands

No islands

RELIANT


Can the Lagoon Master

operate in high icing areas?

• Yes – there are installations in Canada in the Maritimes, Ontario, and Manitoba

• The Ice Option is provided in 2 forms –

• For ice cover under 3 inches

• For much heavier icing conditions

RELIANT

Ice Option Characteristics

RELIANT

For Low Icing Applications

RELIANT

For High Ice Option Characteristics

RELIANT

By Fluidizing and Oxygenating,or , the Sludge

in the Lagoon -

• The indigenous bacteria in the lagoon can continually digest the organic components in the sludge – odor disappears

• All trapped nitrogen/ammonia and H2S in the sludge is oxidized and eliminated from the water

• The water quality is improved because the polluting gases have been released

RELIANT

And – because this is taking place all day, every day, the organic sludge in

your lagoon is reduced

AT THE SAME TIME

• You will reduce your aeration electricity requirement from 60% to 90%

• You will reduce your aeration maintenance requirements over 90%

• The lagoon’s water quality will improve and remain in compliance. ODOR is Controlled

• You will reduce the number of aerators per lagoonRELIANT

RELIANT

Hog Waste Lagoon – North Carolina

Owner’s sludge survey reported 6” of sludge eliminated in 70 days

Monmouth Park Race Track New Jersey

Problem – Excessive fecal coliform and E. coli

RELIANT

FecalColiform#/100ml

E. Coli#/100ml

June2010

760 2050

June2011

180-76%

70-97%

July2010

19000 12000

July 2011

175-99.9%

2-99.99%

August2010

22600 6933

August2011

165-99.95%

0-100%

Monmouth RacetrackNew Jersey

Sept 2010

Problem: High fecal coliformand E. coli counts, odor

Resolution: 1 Reliant Water Lagoon Master Aerator plus

300 lbs of augmentation per year

Lagoon Master installed April 2011April 2013

•Elimination of fecal coliform• Elimination of E. coli• Odors eliminated• No seasonal turnover• Clear water


Lagoon Master

RELIANT

Specific plant concerns?Questions?

www.marylandbiochemical.com

And Algae Control · 2019-12-18 · Manual on the Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking,...

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Transcript of And Algae Control · 2019-12-18 · Manual on the Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking,...