And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state....

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Page 1: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

and Alexander the Great

Page 2: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities.

I. Greek Culture

Page 3: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Most important were the 12 gods and goddesses that lived on Mount Olympus, the tallest mountain in Greece.

Page 4: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Zeus: chief god and father of the gods

Page 5: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Athena: goddess of wisdom and crafts

Page 6: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Apollo: god of the sun and poetry

Page 7: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Poseidon:god of the sea

Page 8: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Greek religion was not based on morality, or doing the right thing;it was focused on pleasing the gods to bring good fortune.

After death, spirits went to a gloomy underworld ruled by Hades.

Page 9: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

To know what the gods wanted, the Greeks consulted oracles. The most famous oracle was at the shrine to

Apollo at Delphi.

Page 10: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Religious festivals including athletic events such as the

Olympic games were used to honor the

gods and goddesses.

Page 11: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

The Greeks created Western drama.

Page 12: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

The original Greek dramas were tragedies, presented in trilogies around a common theme.

Greek tragedies dealt with the nature of good and evil, the rights of the individual, the role of the gods in life, and human nature.

Page 13: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Three famous playwrights:•Aeschylus (Oresteia trilogy), Sophocles (Oedipus Rex), Euripides

Page 14: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

• Greeks were the first in the Western world to present History to analyze past events.

• Philosophy (Comes from the Greek word that means “love of wisdom”: organized system of thought

Page 15: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

II. Alexander the Great

Because of their advanced culture, the Greeks viewed the Macedonians,

a rural people, as barbarians.By the end of the 5th century BC, however,

Macedonia was a powerful kingdom.

Page 16: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

In 359 BC, Philip II of Macedonia formed a league of Greek city-states to help him conquer Persia.

Before he could fulfill his goal, he was assassinated.

Page 17: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Philip’s son, Alexander the Great, became king of Macedonia at age 20.

He modeled himself on Achilles, the Greek hero of the Trojan War featured in Homer’s Iliad.

Page 18: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Alexander wanted to fulfill his father’s dream of conquering Persia. Alexander also sought glory and empire.

Page 19: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

By 331 BC, Alexander had conquered the Persian Empire. Alexander marched his army through Persia,

founding cities like Alexandria and spreading Greek culture.

Page 20: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

In 326, Alexander crossed the Indus River and entered India. His soldiers refused to march on and Alexander agreed to return

home.

Page 21: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

In 323 BC, at the age of 32, Alexander died in Babylon, exhausted from wounds, fever,

and alcohol.

Page 22: And Alexander the Great. Greeks considered religion necessary for the well-being of the state. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. I. Greek.

Alexander created a new age, called the Hellenistic Era.

Hellenistic means “to imitate Greeks.”

After Alexander’s death, four Hellenistic kingdoms

emerged: Macedonia, Syria,

Pergamum, and Egypt


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