6 th Grade World History. Essential Question: Why did Rome become successful? Rome’s Beginnings.
Ancient Rome. Rome was founded in 753BC Early Rome What advantages did Rome’s location give it?
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Transcript of Ancient Rome. Rome was founded in 753BC Early Rome What advantages did Rome’s location give it?
Ancient Rome
Rome was founded in 753BC
Early Rome
What advantages did Rome’s location give it?
on the Tiber River.
In 616, the Etruscans conquered central Italy.
The Etruscans ruled Rome for 100 years.
Influenced Roman development
System of writing – alphabet
Architecture – the arch
Around 509 BC, the Romans drove out the Etruscans and set up a republican
government.
Republican means
A political unit that is not ruled by a monarch and in which citizens with the right to vote choose their leaders.
Is the United States a republic?
Consul
The Republic was headed by 2 consuls.A consul means
Consuls served for
One year
Directed the government and the military (like the US President), head of the executive branch of the government
Could not be elected again for 10 years
Could veto each other’s decisions
Veto
A veto is
Who has the power in US government to veto?
To block a decision or vote
The President
Senate
•The consuls were advised by the Senate.
•How long did Senators serve?
How many Senators were there?
For Life
300
How many Senators does the US have?
How long do US Senators serve?
100/ 2 per state
6 years
All Senators were Patricians.
A patrician is?
The noble class or aristocracy
Plebeians were?
Plebeians had few rights and Could not vote. They were allowed to become members of the Roman assembly which had no real power. Senators could veto the assembly.
The common man
Plebeians later forced Patricians to give them more power. They refused to serve in the army until patricians
agreed to reforms.Enslavement for debt was ended.Marriage between patricians and
plebeians was allowed
Roman Values
• Gravitas – discipline, strength, and loyalty honored strength more than beauty, power more than grace, usefulness more than elegance
• Slavery – mostly conquered people, gladiators• Religion – myths, same as Greeks (but gave gods
different names)
Worship of emperor became part of the official religion
Twelve Tables
In 451BC, Roman law
was carved on 12 great
tablets known as the Twelve
Tables
Roman Law• All persons had the right to equal treatment under the law.• A person was considered innocent until proven guilty.• No person could be judged guilty of a crime until after the
facts of the case were examined.• The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than the
accused.• All persons accused of crimes had a right to face their
accusers and defend themselves before a judge.• If there was any doubt about a person’s guilt, he or she should
be judged innocent.• Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be
set aside.
What legal systems did Roman law influence?
ForumThe Forum
The Twelve Tablets were hung in the Forum, the public meeting area in the center of Rome.
All free citizens had a right to the protection of the law.
In 509 BC, Rome was only 19 square miles.
All male citizens were required to serve in the army.
Romans could not hold public office until they had first served for 10 years
as a soldier.So what type of society did Rome have?
Roman LegionThe Roman army was made up of legions.
A legion was A unit of the Roman army made up of 4000-6000 men
Cavalry
Each legion had a unit of cavalry. What is cavalry?
Roman legions were superior to Greek phalanxes because they were more
flexible.
A consul led the army.
In times of emergency, a dictator was appointed by the Senate.
A dictator in Rome is
How long could a dictator serve?
Why did the Romans limit a dictator’s term?
A political leader elected for a limited time and given absolute power to make laws and command the army
6 months
What is the definition of a dictator today?
Any political leader who takes on absolute power and command of the army usually without legal basis
Can you name any modern dictators?
The Roman
army had catapults
which could throw
stones or flaming missiles.
The Roman
army also had Siege Towers
Rome is located on the Italian Peninsula.From 509 – 265 BC, Rome conquered the
Italian Peninsula
Define peninsula:
A peninsula is
Land surrounded on 3 sides by water
Can you name another peninsula?
In 390 BC, Rome was
sacked by the Gauls.
What does “sack” mean?
Destroy
Romans were forced to pay a bribe to make the Guals leave.
What is a Bribe?To pay money to make some one do something. It is usually considered illegal.
Citizenship rights
•Latin neighbors on the Tiber River had full citizenship rights – could marry other Romans, vote in Assemblies, and appeal for justice in Roman courts.
•Other people on the Italian peninsula were given the status of half-citizens – enjoyed all privileges except voting
•Allies, conquered people, had to contribute troops to the Roman army, forbidden to make treaties but were free to govern its own people without interference from Rome
This was different than in Greece. People outside of Rome shared in the power of government.
Jews
Under citizenship rights, Jews qualified as allies.
•Allies, conquered people, had to contribute troops to the Roman army, forbidden to make treaties but were free to govern its own people without interference from Rome
However Jews refused to worship or respect Roman gods. Romans were polytheistic. Jews were monotheistic. The First Commandment said “I am the Lord thy God. Thou shalt have no other gods before Me.” This difference caused problems and made the Romans single out the Jews for punishment.
Punic Wars
The 3 Punic Wars were fought between Rome and Carthage. Carthage was located on the continent of Africa, on the coast in the middle of the Mediterranean. It was a rival for control of trade on the Mediterranean Sea.
. ...
Carthage was founded by Phoenicians and controlled colonies in Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Spain, and North Africa.
The First Punic War started in 246 BC
Rome and Carthage fought for control over the colonies and for control of the trade on
the Mediterranean Sea.
Carthage was 3 times as large as Rome and had a navy of 500 ships.
It collected in tribute of 1 million pounds of gold a year.
What is a tribute?
Carthage used the money to employ mercenaries.
What is a mercenary?
A soldier who fights for money, not loyalty
Roman Advantages
1. Rome could draw on more than 500,000 troops through its conquered territory.
2. Citizen troops were more loyal and reliable than mercenaries.
3. Warfare was a Roman specialty while Carthage was more interested in trying to collect more wealth.
Roman Disadvantage: Rome had no navy.
The First Punic War lasted 23 years, It ended when Rome defeated Carthage’s
navy.
This ended Carthage’s sea power. Rome took over Sicily.
The Second Punic War
Began in 218 BC when Hannibal, a general from Carthage planned an invasion.
Hannibal assembled an invasion force of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60
elephants. His army occupied parts of Italy for 13 years. Why did his invasion fail?
Battle of Zama
The Roman general, Scipio
sailed to Carthage to attack and
forced Hannibal to
return to defend the city.
Third Punic War: Carthage was destroyed in 146BC
What did Rome gain by defeating Carthage?
What 2 civilizations combined to form “classical civilization”?
Greece and Rome
What was Roman language called?
Latin
What modern languages developed from Latin?
Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian
Collesium
Gladiator
Arch
Pantheon
queduct
Aqueduct
Circus
Maximus
Myrtar
Roman Roadsall roads lead to Rome continues to invoke the picture of Roman cultural and military dominance.
Appian Way
Rubicon River
Julius Caesar
Assassination