Ancient Greece Respectively Submitted Gloucester Township Schools C. Stephen Ingraham 2009.

Ancient Greece

Respectively SubmittedGloucester Township Schools

C. Stephen Ingraham2009

Social Studies Block # ____ Name ________________________________Mr. Ingraham & Mrs. Ross Date _____________________

Ancient Greece Table of Contents

1)Greece Song2)Map of Greece3) Mountains & the Sea4) Minoans & Myceneans

Chapter 7 Ancient Greece SongYou take the Minoans / On the island of CreteThey were seafaring traders / They were peaceful and sweetThey traded olive oil, wool, and pottery.That’s what they’re all about! –(clap).

Chorus: Tragedies are seriousComedies are humorous,Democracy is for us,Greek culture is all about us! -(Clap, Clap).

You take the Mycenaeans / On the mountainous pelopennesusThey were a warlike people / Their wealth was a weapon census.They borrowed writing, customs, and religious beliefs.When they invaded Crete. –(clap).

They tell of Homer’s epic poem / about the beautiful Helen,Who was kidnapped to Troy / all the Greeks started yelling.They fought for ten years, then tried the Trojan horse trickThat’s the only way they could win. –(clap).

Sung to the tune of the Hokey Pokey

Chapter 7 Ancient Greece Song continuedThe city-state of Sparta / was afraid of their slaves.So at seven boys & girls / left for camp with many a wavesTo live and die with honor was the Spartan wayObedience is what it’s all about. –(clap).

Chorus: Tragedies are seriousComedies are humorous,Democracy is for us,Greek culture is all about us! -(Clap, Clap).

In the city-state of Athens / 20 year old males could vote,But no women or slaves. / They could only carry and tote.Democracy, majority rule, Pericles, and Herodotus.Hippocrates says illness is all about us. –(clap).

The Persians set out / to conquer everything in sight,But the Greeks wouldn’t give up / and united for a fight.Both Darius and son, Xerxes both did try.Many Persians had to die. –(clap).

Alexander’s father died / so Macedonia wasn’t so great.To conquer the known world / would be Alexander’s fate.Around the Mediterranean he never lost a battle.Spreading Greek culture all about. –(clap)

Sung

to th

e tu

ne o

f the

Hok

ey P

okey

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Essential Questions – Greece•What forms of government existed in Ancient Greece?•How is citizenship a key concept in the development of civilizations?•What skills must citizens have to effectively participate in their democracy?•How are the government structures of Western Civilizations based on the• political forms developed in Ancient Greece?•What socioeconomic and social class differences were evident in Ancient Greece?•How were women viewed and treated in Ancient Greece?•What evidence of Ancient Greek influence exists today?•How does war change a civilization?•What role did Greek gods and goddesses play in daily life?•How did the Minoan and Mycenaean people influence later Greek cultures?•What causes a civilization to decline?

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The Vocabulary of Greece #1isthmus – a narrow strip of land connecting two larger areas of land.cultural borrowing – adapting customs from one culture for use in another.polis – a Greek city-state.acropolis – a walled fortress.agora – an open-air market and gathering place.cultural identity – the connection that people of the same culture feel with one another.epics – long story poems.myth – a story passed down about an ancient god or hero.tragedies – serious plays in which the main character comes to an unhappy end.comedies – humorous plays making fun of political leaders or traditional ideas.Olympics – an athletic competition held every four years to honor the god Zeus.

Government Terms Vocabulary #2tyrant – someone who took control of a government by force and ruled alone.aristocracy – wealthy ruling class.assembly – a group of lawmakers who make decisions for the whole community.oligarchy - a small ruling group of lawmakers who make all the decisions.Democracy – a system of rule by the people in making community decisions.majority rule – allows decisions to become law when one more than half agree.leagues – groups of friends or allies.demagogues – bad leaders who make promises they couldn’t keep or led others into making foolish decisions.alliances – agreements between governments or city-states to help one another. CSI08

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Steps to CivilizationHunters

Gatherers

Farmers(agriculture)

5) Civilization

1) Nomads2) Band (clan)

3) culture4) tribe

CIVILIZATION a culture that has welldeveloped: a) Government

b) Religionc) Learning (knowledge) d) Writing

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Chapter 7 Ancient GreeceI. The Early People of Greece

A. Mountains and the Sea 1. Greece is on the large Balkan __________________, which is a piece of land that is almost completely surrounded by water. 2. Present day Greece and Turkey are separated by an island filled arm of the Mediterranean Sea called the ______________________ Sea. 3. The Southern half of the Balkan Peninsula is called the Peloponnesus and is connected to the mainland by an _____________, or a small, narrow strip of land between two larger areas of land. 4. Greece’s other physical features:

a) Greece has a dry climate.b) Three-fourth of Greece is rugged mountains.c) Greece has a thin layer of rocky soil.

5. Greek farmers grow olives, grapes, and wheat; they also raise sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle. 6. Each mountain village became ________________________, because the rugged land makes travel difficult and trade almost impossible. 7. Since the Greeks live along the Mediterranean coast, they become fishermen, sailors, and merchants. They have little natural resources so they exchange olive oil, wool, and wine for what they needed.

The Earliest GreeksMinoans (Earliest Greek)

* Island of Crete* Sea Faring Traders – olive oil, wool, and wine* Peaceful

Mycenaeans*Peloponnesus – Southern Balkan Peninsula* Warlike – invaded Crete* borrowed Writing, Customs, & Religious beliefs* Homer – Trojan War – “Iliad” & “Odyssey”

Greek Cultural Identity C. Ancient Stories and Legends ( Pages 214-5)

1. The poet Homer wrote long story-poems called ________________________.2. The epic “The Iliad” talks about the great _____________________ War.3. The epic “The Odyssey” talks about a hero’s return home after the war.4. The Trojan War was a war of honor fought over the beautiful Greek princess

Helen, who was kidnapped by Paris, a prince from the city of _______________. The Greeks won only by tricking the Trojans by hiding in a large wooden horse.D. To be “Greek” ( Pages 220-1 )

1. Greek identified with their city-state not their country of Greece.2. Greeks had a __________________ ___________________, or a connection to other Greeks.

a) They called themselves Hellenes, or decedents of a common ancestor Hellen. This _____________, or ancient story, said that Hellen alone survived a great flood long ago. b) They had a common Language, ________________________, and religious beliefs. (Zeus and other gods controlled daily events.) c) Every four years each city-states competed in the Olympic games to honor their main god Zeus.

II. City-State and Greek CultureA. The Rise of the Greek City-States 1. Around 800 B.C . the Greeks had progressed from small settlement villages to towns. The towns began to join with nearby villages and farms to form a ________________,or city-state. 2. To protect themselves from invaders the Greek communities build walled fortresses on hill tops known as an ______________. 3. The center of daily life contained houses, temples, and _______________________________ called an agora. 4. Early Greek city states were ruled by a king or ______________, someone who took control of government by force and ruled alone. 5. Later the richest men shared the authority with their king. This wealthy ruling class of landowners and merchants were known as the __________________. 6. This ruling class met in an _____________________ to make decisions and laws for the whole community. 7. Normally a Polis had fewer than 5,000 people. When the population became to large the city-state would set up _________ to avoid over crowding.

Thrace

AsiaMinor

Crete

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Ionian Sea

Balkan Peninsula

*Mytilene

Athens

*Phocaea

*Eph

esus

Sparta

Mt. Olympus *

Thebes**Delphi

*Chalcis

Cydonia *Kythira *

Pylos *

Corin

th *

Troe

zen

*

Macedonia

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B. Sparta 1. The Spartans, the descendants of the Dorians believed simple life should be filled with _____________________and ____________. 2. Military strength controlled the city-state.

a) At the age of seven children were taken away from their parents and put in training camps. b) The Girls returned home after a few years, but the boys trained for war until the age of ________________.

c) After that men could marry and have a family, but they served in the army until the age of 60.

3. Spartan thinking.a) Obey without questionb) Never give up: fight to the death.c) To lose is a disgrace.d) To die defending Sparta is the greatest honor.

4. Spartan Women had few rights. They ran the home, handled business, and owned land. (2/5 of all land in Sparta). 5. Spartan Government was weak.

a) They had two kings who had power in time of war.b) an assembly of five ____________, or wealthy land owners.c) This _________________, or small ruling group made all decisions in Sparta.

II. City-State and Greek CultureC. Athens 1. Athens was the main city-state in Attica ( the southern uplands). 2. Athens was different from Sparta.

a) Young men served in the army only in time of war.b) People were encouraged to take part in community decisions.c) Every free adult male over 20 was considered a ___________.d) They took part in the assembly called the ________________.e) All citizens got one vote.f) All decisions were made by majority rule, or ______________ ____________________________________________________.g) Women were not citizens. They could not take part in government or own land, but they did manage the family budget and the household.

3. The Athenian government’s encouragement of civic participation grew into a system of __________________, or rule by the people. 4. However women, and slaves (1/3 the people of Athens ) were not citizens and had no vote.

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Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Spartan OligarchySmall ruling group

King King

Assembly – 5 EphorsWealthy Land ownersmade all decisions

Citizens All free 30 year old males

Women & slaves werenot considered citizens

Assembly of Citizens All free 20 year old malescan vote.All decisions are made bymajority rule

Women & slaves werenot considered citizens

Assembly of 500 They set the agenda ofFor the next meeting.

**

Athenian Democracy Participatory Citizenship

III. The Golden Age of AthensA. The Persian Wars 1. Around 499 B.C. Persia set out to take over ___________ and this common enemy stopped the fighting among the Greek city-states. 2. The Persians claimed all of North Africa and soon captured the Greek Colonies in Asia Minor. 3. In 490 the Persian King _______________ turned towards Athens, because Athens had tried to help the colonies fight the Persians. 4. The Athenians defeat the Persians on the plain of ____________. 5. Later Darius’s son, _______________, sends 200,000 soldiers and 800 ships to attack Greece. 6. An outnumbered, but united Greek army and navy meets the Persians. The Navy defeats the Persians off the island of Salamis. 7. Fearing future attacks by other invaders the Greek city-states band together forming __________________, or groups of allies.

a) Sparta leads the Peloponnesian League.b) Athens leads the Delian League.

AsiaMinor

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Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Persian Wars

PersiaThermopylae 480 BCE

Marathon 490 BCE

Salamis 480 BCE

Plataea 479 BCE

*Athens

*Sparta

Sardis*

Invasion ofKing Xerxes 480 BCE

Invasion ofKing Darius 490 BCE

III. The Golden Age of AthensB. The Golden Age 1. The great pride after defeating the ______________________ began a time of achievement known as the Golden Age. 2. ______________ a wealthy member of the aristocracy led Athens. a) An assembly of 1000 men voted in Athens b) The Council of _____________ decided on what was discussed. c) All men should vote not just the wealthy. d) Public officials and ______________ were paid a salary. e) “No one is prevented from service to the city-state”.C. Achievements of the Golden Age 1. Pericles had government support for the ___________________ and ____________________________. 2. Artists, scholars, architects, and builders came to Athens. 3. Famous Greek Writers in Athens.

a) Herodotus – wrote histories.b) Sophocles - wrote _________________________, or serious plays where the hero meets an unhappy ending.c) Aristophanes – wrote ____________________________, or humorous plays making fun of traditional ideas or leaders.

4. Scientist, Hippocrates, was a doctor who said illnesses came _______________________________________________________ and was not the punishment of the gods.

III. The Golden Age of AthensD. End of the Golden Age 1. In 431 B.C.E. The ___________________________ War broke out between Athens and Sparta. It lasted 27 years. 2. When Sparta attacks many fled to Athens and overcrowding causes sickness and disease (Pericles & 1/4 of the city die.) 3. The people follow ______________, or bad leaders who make promises they could not keep or convince the people to make foolish decisions. 4. In 404 B.C. Athens surrenders. Sparta replaces the assembly with an __________________ like its own government. 5. Great thinkers and teachers still lived in Athens.

a) _____________ – taught by asking questions of his students. The government forced him to drink poison.b) _____________ - In 385 B.C. started a school called the “Academy”. He said, “Philosophers, or lovers of wisdom, would be the best leaders.”c) __________________- was interested in how things were. He studies law, economics, astronomy, and sports.

IV. Alexander’s Great EmpireA. Conquest of Greece 1. After the Peloponnesian War, the distrusting Greek city-states formed ___________________, or agreements which did not last. 2. In the North in a united Macedonia, King Philip admired Greece and he hired the Greek Philosopher Aristotle to teach his son, ________________________________. 3. By 338 B.C. Macedonian soldiers controlled most of the Greek peninsula including Sparta and Athens. 4. Under King Philip’s rule the Greek city-states managed themselves, however the Greeks were not allowed to fight among themselves.B. Building an Empire 1. In 336 B.C. 20 year old __________________________ became King and he wanted to ___________________________________. 2. In 334 B.C. her led 35,000 men into Asia Minor against Persia. 3 . Alexander easily conquered the former Greek colonies under Persian control. They welcome him and the changes he brought. 4. Alexander the Great spread Greek Culture, language, religion, and art. Greek influence became so strong that this period in history is known as the _________________, or “Greek-like”, Age. 5. Alexander ruled a ____________________________ empire, or an empire of many cultures.

IV. Alexander’s Great EmpireD. Alexander’s Legacy 1. Hellenistic culture shaped the peoples of Alexander’s empire for centuries. 2. Greek teachers and thinkers worked out new ideas in mathematics.

a) Euclid studied lines and angles and began the study of _________________________________________.b) Archimedes used mathematics to build many useful ____________________________________________.c) Aristarchus used mathematics to discover that the __________________ and other _____________________ moved around the sun.d) Other Hellenistic scientists added knowledge of medicine to the discoveries of Hippocrates.

3. By 146 B.C. another group of people, the ___________________ gained control of the Mediterranean world. They borrowed

from the religion, art, architecture, philosophy, and language of the Greeks.

AFRICA

Mediterranean Sea

ASIAEUROPE

Macedonia

ASIAMINOR

Egypt

Mesopotamia

Syria Persian Gulf

Black Sea

*Pella*Sardis

Babylon*

* Athens

* Sparta Persia

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AsiaMinor

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Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Performance AssessmentGreek Time Capsule - Students will research and identify 10 Greek achievements that have had a lasting influence to our civilization. They will place symbols of those achievements in a time capsule to share with the class. This time capsule should include the symbols, an explanation of each symbol and provide evidence showing it has Passed the “test of time” (there is proof of this achievement in American culture). Examples of student time capsules can include a shoebox or other container approved by the teacher.

AsiaMinor

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Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Performance Assessment Greek Time Capsule – 10 Achievements1. Achievement:

ImportanceToday

2. Achievement:ImportanceToday









Time Line Practice pp.204-51.) Which came first the Roman Empire was

established or Julius Caesar leads an army across the Rubicon?

2.) Which came first the Mycenaean invasion of Crete or the Trojan War?

3.) How long ago did Greek city-state begin to form?

4.) When did Alexander’s great empire reach it greatest size?

5) Which came last The Roman Republic or the Roman Empire?

Time Line Practice #2 pp. 204-5Directions: Find the dates and complete the sentence by writing either

“before” or “after”.

1.) The Roman Republic came ____ the Roman Empire.

2.) Alexander lived ______ Julius Caesar.3.) The Trojan War came ______ the

Mycenaean invasion of Crete.Directions: Do the math to answer these questions.

4.) How many years after Mycenaean invasion of Crete did Mycenae decline?

5.) How many years before Christianity was accepted did the Roman Republic begin?

Time Line Test #3 pp.148-9Directions: Correctly answer these questions.1.) Which came first The Persians conquer the Babylonians or the

Chandragupta Maurya unites Northern India?2.) How long ago did the Chandragupta Maurya united Northern India?3.) How long ago was paper invented?4.) Which happen last the Aryan Migrations or the birth of Confucius?5.) How many years after the Shi Huangdi unites China was paper invented?6.) After India was united, how many years later was China united?

Directions: Complete these sentences using the words “Before” or “After “correctly.

7.) Trade from China reaches the Mediterranean region _______ paper was invented.

8.) Confucius lived _________ The Shi Huangdi.9.) Confucius was born _______ The Zhou claim the Mandate of Heaven.10.) __________ Shi Huangdi unites China, Chandragupta Maurya united

Northern India.

Prediction: (India)Asoka Maurya will be a cruel ruler.

Why does this prediction seem correct?

Why does this prediction not seem correct?

What Actually Happened

Prediction: (China)The Qin Shi Haungdi will be remembered as a great ruler.




Prediction: (Egypt)The Egyptian belief in mummification and the afterlife will result in the tombs of the pharaoh to be undisturbed.




Prediction: (Mesopotamia)Hammurabi’s code of 282 laws will be soon forgotten after his death.




Thrace

AsiaMinor

Crete

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Ionian Sea

BalkanPeninsula

Peloponnesus

*Troy

* Knossos

Mycenae

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II. City-State and Greek Culture (pp. 220-1)D. To be “Greek”. 1. Greek identified with their city-state not their country of Greece. 2. Greeks had a __________________ ___________________, or a connection to other Greeks.

a) They called themselves Hellenes, or decedents of a common ancestor Hellen. This _____________, or ancient story, said that Hellen alone survived a great flood long ago.b) They had a common Language, ________________________, and religious beliefs. (Zeus and other gods controlled daily events.)c) Every four years each city-states competed in the Olympic games to honor their main god Zeus.

I. The Early People of Greece B. The Minoans 1. The Island of ________________ is 60 miles south of the Peloponnesus. About 1900 B.C. the Minoans built huge buildings called palaces. The largest was three stories high in the city of _____________. 2. The Minoans were named after their legendary King ___________. If he is a real person he ruled sometime between 1750- 1550 B.C. 3. Since they lived on an island, the Minoans became seafaring traders. They traded olive oil, wine, wool, pottery, and other goods for copper, tin, and gold. 4. They were the first to mix copper and tin to create bronze.

I. The Early People of Greece C. The Mycenaeans 1. The Mycenaeans lived near the coast in the mountainous _________________. They were a warlike people who measured wealth by the number of _____________________ they owned. 2. Through cultural borrowing with the Minoans the Mycenaeans adapted the customs, art styles, and pottery designs. They changed Minoan writing to fit their language and borrowed some religious beliefs. 3. In 1450 B.C. after the Minoan kingdom was destroyed the Mycenaeans invaded the Island of Crete. 4. No one knows what happened to weaken the Mycenaeans:

a) __________ warriors burned palaces and villages.b) They might have been conquered by a seafaring people.

I. The Early People of Greece D. Ancient Stories and Legends 1. The poet Homer wrote long story-poems called _______________________________. 2. The epic “The Iliad” talks about the great __________ War. 3. The epic “The Odysseus” talks about a hero’s return home after the war. 4. The Trojan War was a war of honor fought over the beautiful Greek princess Helen, who was kidnapped by Paris, a prince from the city of _______________. The Greeks won only by tricking the Trojans by hiding in a large wooden horse.

IV. Alexander’s Great EmpireB. Building an Empire 1. In 336 B.C. 20 year old __________________________ became King. 2. Alexander wanted to ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________. 3. In 334 B.C. Alexander led 35,000 men into Asia Minor against Persia. 4. Alexander easily conquered the former Greek colonies under Persian control. They welcome Alexander and the changes he brought. 5. Alexander the Great spread Greek Culture, language, religion, and art. Greek influence became so strong that this period in history is known as the ____________________, or “Greek-like”,

Age. 6. Alexander ruled a ____________________________ empire, or an empire of many cultures. 7. By 331 B.C. this empire stretched from the Danube River in Europe to the Nile River in Africa and East beyond the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Asia.

III. The Golden Age of AthensC. Achievements of the Golden Age 1. Pericles had government support for the ___________________ and ____________________________. 2. Athens was to become “the School of Greece”. 3. Artists, scholars, architects, and builders were encourage to come to Athens. 4. Famous Greek Writers in Athens.

a) Herodotus – wrote histories.b) Sophocles - wrote _________________________, or serious plays where the hero meets an unhappy ending.c) Aristophanes – wrote ____________________________, or humorous plays making fun of traditional ideas or leaders.

5. Scientist, Hippocrates, was a doctor who said illnesses came _______________________________________________________ and was not the punishment of the gods.

IV. Alexander’s Great EmpireC. The Breakup of the Empire 1. Alexander wanted to conquer _______________, but his soldiers refused to follow him into the Ganges River Valley. 2. Disappointed Alexander returned to Babylon in 326 B.C.

3. Alexander died months before his 33rd birthday. 4. No one was strong enough to replace Alexander the Great. His

empire broke into three parts: Macedonia, Syria, and Egypt.

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Athens

Sparta

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ATHENS pp. 219-220

SPARTApp. 217-218

AsiaMinor

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Mediterranean Sea

Ancient Greece Respectively Submitted Gloucester Township Schools C. Stephen Ingraham 2009.

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Transcript of Ancient Greece Respectively Submitted Gloucester Township Schools C. Stephen Ingraham 2009.