Anchor Bolt ACI

R. A. Cook ACI Atlanta 2007 Hot Topic

1

1University of FloridaUniversity of FloridaDepartment of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering

ANCHORAGE TO CONCRETEANCHORAGE TO CONCRETE-- SELECTION AND DESIGNSELECTION AND DESIGN

Ronald A. Cook, Ph.D., P.E.ProfessorDepartment of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Florida


APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS• Fasten an Attachment (Concrete, Steel,

or Timber Element) to Concrete, e.g.– Precast element to precast element– Roof truss to tilt-up concrete wall– Steel column to concrete footing– Wood frame to concrete– Connections to concrete in general


General Types of AnchorsGeneral Types of Anchors

Undercut ExpansionCast-in-Place

Adhesive Grouted

Covered by ACI 318-05

BondedMechanical

Not Covered by ACI 318-05

Screw4University of FloridaUniversity of Florida

Department of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering

Overview:Overview:• How today’s codes and standards work

together for selection of anchors:– Design– Product Approval

• Design and product approval considerations– Cast-in-Place– Post-Installed Mechanical– Bonded


What “Design” and “Product Approval” What “Design” and “Product Approval” Mean in Today’s Codes and Standards for Mean in Today’s Codes and Standards for

Anchorage to ConcreteAnchorage to Concrete• Design:

– Based on Strength (LRFD) design concepts– No more “Allowable Load” Tables– Requires the expertise of a Professional

Engineer• Product Approval

– Must be based on criteria that are “in-sync” with the design provisions


How Today’s Codes and Standards Work How Today’s Codes and Standards Work for Selection of Anchors:for Selection of Anchors:

Design and Product ApprovalDesign and Product Approval

• Cast-in-place anchors• Post-installed mechanical anchors• Screw anchors• Bonded anchors

– Adhesive anchors– Grouted anchors


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CastCast--inin--Place AnchorsPlace Anchors

hef = Effective Embedment Depth

hef


Design of CastDesign of Cast--inin--Place AnchorsPlace Anchors

IBC 2006§1912

ACI 318-05§8.1.3

ACI 318-05Appendix D


IBCIBC––2006 Provisions2006 Provisions


ACI 318ACI 318--05 Provisions05 Provisions

• Appendices are generally not mandatory• ACI 318 Chapter 8 “Analysis and Design –

General Considerations” §8.1.3 makes Appendix D mandatory:

8.1.3 — Anchors within the scope of Appendix D, Anchoring to Concrete, installed in concrete to transfer loads between connected elements shall be designed using Appendix D.


Product Approval for CastProduct Approval for Cast--inin--Place Place AnchorsAnchors

IBC 2006§1912

ACI 318-05§8.1.3


§D.2.3

…


Product Approval for CastProduct Approval for Cast--inin--Place Place Anchors Anchors –– ACI 318ACI 318--06 Appendix D06 Appendix D

Lot’s of text but basically any standard headed anchor or hooked anchor will meet these requirements

…


3


CastCast--inin--Place Anchors:Place Anchors:Effects of CrackingEffects of Cracking

Headed AnchorsCurves in uncracked and cracked concrete


PostPost--Installed Mechanical AnchorsInstalled Mechanical Anchors::

Undercut AnchorsUndercut Anchors

Pre-DrilledUndercut

Cone Anchor Sleeve

TensileForce


PostPost--Installed Mechanical AnchorsInstalled Mechanical Anchors::

TorqueTorque--Controlled Expansion AnchorsControlled Expansion Anchors

(1) Heavy Duty (2) Wedge Fastener (3) Sleeve Fastener Sleeve Fastener


PostPost--Installed Mechanical Anchors: Installed Mechanical Anchors: DisplacementDisplacement--ControlledControlled

Expansion AnchorsExpansion Anchors

(1) Drop-In Fastener (2) Self-Drilling (3) Stud Fastener Fastener


Design of PostDesign of Post--Installed Installed Mechanical AnchorsMechanical Anchors

IBC 2006§1912

ACI 318-05§8.1.3



IBCIBC––2006 Provisions2006 Provisions


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Product Approval for PostProduct Approval for Post--Installed Mechanical AnchorsInstalled Mechanical Anchors

ACI 318-05§3.8.6

IBC 2006§1912


§D.2.3

D.2.3 — Headed …. Post-installed anchors that meet the assessment requirements of ACI 355.2 are included. The suitability of the post-installed anchor for use in concrete shall have been demonstrated by the ACI 355.2 prequalification tests.


ACI 318ACI 318--05 Appendix D05 Appendix D

• ACI 318 Chapter 3 “Materials” §3.8.6makes ACI 355.2-04 mandatory:

3.8.6 — “Qualification of Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors in Concrete (ACI 355.2-04)” is declared to be part of this code as if fully set forth herein, for the purpose cited in Appendix D.


Product Approval for PostProduct Approval for Post--Installed Installed Mechanical Anchors:Mechanical Anchors:

ACI 318ACI 318--06 Appendix D06 Appendix DD.2.3 — … Post-installed anchors that meet the assessment requirements of ACI 355.2 are included. The suitability of the post-installed anchor for use in concrete shall have been demonstrated by the ACI 355.2 prequalification tests.

ACI 355.2-04


Product Approval for PostProduct Approval for Post--Installed Mechanical Anchors:Installed Mechanical Anchors:

How this is currently implementedHow this is currently implemented

ICC ES AC193 ACI 355.2-04

ICC ESEvaluation

Report


PostPost--Installed Mechanical Anchors: Installed Mechanical Anchors: Screw AnchorsScrew Anchors

(not specifically covered by ACI 318(not specifically covered by ACI 318--05)05)


Design of PostDesign of Post--Installed Screw Installed Screw AnchorsAnchors

IBC 2006§104.11

ICC ES AC193 ACI 318-05Appendix D


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IBCIBC--2006 Provisions2006 Provisions


Product Approval of PostProduct Approval of Post--Installed Screw AnchorsInstalled Screw Anchors

IBC 2006§104.11

ICC ES AC193

ICC ESEvaluation

Report


ICCICC--ES Evaluation ReportsES Evaluation Reports

“…having an evaluation report does not obligate the AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction) to approve the evaluated product. The report is simply technical evidence upon which the AHJ can approve the product if, on the job site, it is used within the report conditions. The approval decision lies with the AHJ.”

Ref.: “Code Approval”; The Basics, The Subtleties, and The Abuses www.icc-es.org


Bonded AnchorsBonded Anchors-- Adhesive and Grouted Adhesive and Grouted (not covered by ACI 318(not covered by ACI 318--05)05)

AdhesiveHole diameter

≤ 1.5 anchor diameter

GroutedUnheaded Headed

Hole diameter > 1.5 times anchor diameter


Design and Product Approval of Design and Product Approval of PostPost--Installed Adhesive AnchorsInstalled Adhesive Anchors

IBC 2006§104.11

IBC-ES AC308Design and Product Approval


Design and Product Approval of Design and Product Approval of PostPost--Installed Grouted AnchorsInstalled Grouted Anchors

§104§104.11

Currently not covered by ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria


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ACI Consensus Standard StatusACI Consensus Standard Statuson Bonded Anchorson Bonded Anchors

• Adhesive anchor design provisions have been balloted by ACI 318 Sub B

• An adhesive anchor product approval standard is in the ACI 355 balloting process

• Grouted anchors need to be included• The goal is to have ACI consensus

standards issued by 2011.


Design and Product ApprovalDesign and Product ApprovalConsiderationsConsiderations

• Cast-in-place anchors• Post-installed mechanical anchors• Screw anchors• Bonded anchors

– Adhesive anchors– Grouted anchors


• ACI 318-05 Appendix D for Design– Basic design considerations

• ACI 355.2-04 for Product Approval– Previously presented by John Silva

Design and Product Approval of Design and Product Approval of CastCast--inin--Place and PostPlace and Post--Installed Installed

Mechanical AnchorsMechanical Anchors


ACI 318ACI 318--05 APPENDIX D 05 APPENDIX D ––ANCHORING TO CONCRETEANCHORING TO CONCRETE

• Introduced in ACI 318-02• Developed by three ACI Committees

(318, 349, and 355) over more than ten years

• Applies to cast-in-place and post-installed mechanical anchors (some limitations)


D.2.2 D.2.2 -- SCOPESCOPE• Included:

– Cast-in-Place Anchors– Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors

• Excluded:– Specialty Inserts– Through Bolts– Multiple Anchors Connected to Single Plate

at the Embedded End of the Anchors– Adhesive & Grouted Anchors– Powder/Pneumatic Actuated Nails or Bolts

What is included and not included What is included and not included in ACI 318in ACI 318--05 Appendix D05 Appendix D


D.3.5 D.3.5 -- GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS• Code formulas are valid for:

– fc′ ≤ 10,000 psi for cast-in anchors– fc′ ≤ 8000 psi for post-Installed

• Post-installed anchors in concrete with fc′ > 8000 psi must be tested


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D4.1.1 D4.1.1 -- STRENGTH OF ANCHORSSTRENGTH OF ANCHORS

φNn ≥ Nua (D-1)φVn ≥ Vua (D-2)

• Lowest φNn and φVn from applicable failure modes

• Interaction for combinations of Nuaand Vua


D.4.2 D.4.2 -- NOMINAL STRENGTHNOMINAL STRENGTH

• Design models in agreement with Test Results

• Based on 5% fractile of basic individual anchor strength– 90% confidence that 95% of actual

strengths will exceed nominal strength


Lower Fractile Design ApproachLower Fractile Design Approach

5 % Fractile

Average (Mean) Statistical parameters

•Average (mean)•Standard deviation •Coefficient of variation•Number of samples

Tested Capacity

Freq

uenc

y


D.5 D.5 -- DESIGN FOR TENSILE LOADINGDESIGN FOR TENSILE LOADING• D.5.1 – Steel Strength • D.5.2 – Concrete Breakout Strength• D.5.3 – Pullout Strength• D.5.4 – Concrete Side-Face Blowout

Strength of a Headed Anchor


D.5.1 D.5.1 -- STEEL STRENGTH (TENSION)STEEL STRENGTH (TENSION)

Nsa = nAsefuta (D-3)

where futa ≤ 1.9 fya

≤ 125,000 psi

Nn


D.5.2 D.5.2 -- CONCRETE BREAKOUT (TENSION)CONCRETE BREAKOUT (TENSION)

NnNn


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D.5.2.1 D.5.2.1 -- CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH OF ANCHOR GROUP (TENSION)OF ANCHOR GROUP (TENSION)

, , , , ( 5)Nccbg ec N ed N c N cp N b

Nco

AN N DA

ψ ψ ψ ψ= −

Accounts for post-installed anchorAccounts for cracking

Accounts for edge effectsAccounts for eccentricity

Accounts for projected area of failure surface

Basic single anchor strength

Consider Only Anchors in Tension44University of FloridaUniversity of Florida

Department of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering

D.5.2.1 D.5.2.1 -- PROJECTED AREA PROJECTED AREA AANoNo

hef

1.5hef

1.5hef

1.5hef

Plan ViewElevation

ANco = 9hef (D-6)

1.5hef

Nn1.5hef 1.5hef

2

≈350


D.5.2.1 D.5.2.1 -- PROJECTED AREA APROJECTED AREA ANN

c1 s1 1.5hef

1.5hef

c2

s2

ef1 h5.1s ≤

ef2 h5.1c ≤

NcoNc nAA ≤

ef2 h5.1s ≤

ef1 h5.1c ≤


D.5.2.2 D.5.2.2 -- BASIC CONCRETE BREAKOUTBASIC CONCRETE BREAKOUT

• Single Anchor in Tension in Cracked Concrete

(D-7)

- k = 24 for cast-in anchors- k =17 for post-installed anchors

(or higher value from ACI 355.2)

' 1.5b c efN k f h=


D.5.3 D.5.3 -- PULLOUT STRENGTH PULLOUT STRENGTH Npn = ψc,PNp (D-14)

• Headed Stud/BoltNp = 8Abrgfc

’ (D-15)

• J-Bolt or L-BoltNp = 0.9fc

’ehdo (D-16)where 3d0 ≤ eh ≤ 4.5d0

Npn

eh

• For post-installed mechanical anchors, Npmust be based on results of tests performed and evaluated per ACI 355.2


D.5.4 D.5.4 -- SIDESIDE--FACE BLOWOUTFACE BLOWOUT

• Headed anchor with deep embedment, close to edge (ca1 < 0.4hef )

'1160 (D-17)sb a brg cN c A f=

Nn


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D.6 D.6 -- DESIGN FOR SHEAR LOADINGDESIGN FOR SHEAR LOADING

• D.6.1 – Steel Strength• D.6.2 – Concrete Breakout Strength• D.6.3 – Concrete Pryout Strength


D.6.1 D.6.1 -- STEEL STRENGTH (SHEAR)STEEL STRENGTH (SHEAR)

(a) Cast-in Headed Stud AnchorsVsa = nAsefuta (D-19)

(b) Cast-in Headed and Hooked Bolts, and Post-Installed Anchors

Vsa = nAse (0.6futa) (D-20)

where futa ≤ 1.9fya≤ 125,000 psi

With built-up grout pads, use 0.8Vsa

Vn


D.6.2 D.6.2 -- CONCRETE BREAKOUT CONCRETE BREAKOUT (SHEAR)(SHEAR)

Vn


D.6.2.1(b) D.6.2.1(b) -- CONCRETE BREAKOUT CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH OF ANCHOR GROUP (SHEAR)STRENGTH OF ANCHOR GROUP (SHEAR)

Basic single anchor strengthAccounts for cracking

Accounts for edge effectsAccounts for eccentricity

Accounts for projected area of failure surface

, , , ( 22)Vccbg ec V ed V c V b

Vco

AV V DA

ψ ψ ψ= −


Front view

Vn

Edge of concrete

Plan view

Vn

hef

Side section

ca1

35o

1.5ca1 1.5ca1

1.5ca1

1.5ca1

1.5ca1AVco

AVco = 2 (1.5ca1) (1.5ca1)= 4.5(ca1)2 (D-23)


AVcca1

1.5ca1 1.5ca1s1

Vn

ha

AVc = (2 x 1.5ca1 + s1)ha

If ha < 1.5ca1 and s1 < 3ca1


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D.6.2 D.6.2 -- BASIC CONC. BREAKOUT (SHEAR)BASIC CONC. BREAKOUT (SHEAR)• Single anchor in shear in cracked concrete

• If anchors are rigidly welded to attachment

( )0.2

1.5'17 (D-24)e

b o c ao

V d f cd

⎛ ⎞= ⎜ ⎟

⎝ ⎠

( )0.2

1.5'18 (D-25)e

b o c ao

V d f cd

⎛ ⎞= ⎜ ⎟

⎝ ⎠


D.6.3 D.6.3 -- CONCRETE PRYOUTCONCRETE PRYOUTSingle Anchor Vcp = kcpNcb (D-29)Group of Anchors Vcpg = kcpNcbg (D-30)

where• kcp = 1.0 for hef < 2.5 in.• kcp = 2.0 for hef ≥ 2.5 in.• Ncb computed from Eq. (D-4)• Ncbg computed from Eq. (D-5)

Vn


D.7 TENSION/SHEAR INTERACTIOND.7 TENSION/SHEAR INTERACTION

2.1VV

NN

n

ua

n

ua =+φφ

0.1V

VN

N 35

n

ua35

n

ua =⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎝

⎛+⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎝

⎛

φφ

Nu

φ Nn

0.2φNn

0.2φVn φVnVu


D.8 D.8 -- PRECLUDE SPLITTING FAILUREPRECLUDE SPLITTING FAILURE• At Design Stage, Specific Products May not

be Known• In Absence of Reinforcement for Crack

Control, D.8 Sets Minimum Cover, Spacings, Member Thickness

• Lesser Values are Permitted per ACI 355.2

Nn Nn

NnNn


Product Approval for PostProduct Approval for Post--Installed Installed Mechanical AnchorsMechanical Anchors

ACI 355.2ACI 355.2--0404

• Testing Requirements in Uncracked Concrete, and in Cracked Concrete– Identification Tests– Reference Tests– Reliability Tests– Service-Condition Tests


ACI 355.2

Sample Format


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• ICC-ES AC308 for Design– Adhesive anchor design considerations

• ICC-ES AC308 for Product Approval– Adhesive anchor product approval tests

• Grouted anchors are currently not covered by ICC-ES AC308

Today’s Design and Product Today’s Design and Product Approval of Bonded AnchorsApproval of Bonded Anchors


• The following presents background information on behavior, design and product approval of bonded anchors

• Specific design requirements for adhesive anchors are now in ICC-ES AC308 and being balloted by ACI 318

• Specific product approval requirements for adhesive anchors are in ICC-ES AC308 and being balloted by ACI 355

• Grouted anchors are currently not covered by ICC-ES AC308

Background on Behavior, Design, and Background on Behavior, Design, and Product Approval of Bonded AnchorsProduct Approval of Bonded Anchors


How Bonded Anchors Transfer How Bonded Anchors Transfer Tension LoadsTension Loads

hef

NN

Threaded Rod Mortar Concrete

τ τ0

hef

NN

Threaded Rod Mortar Concrete

τ τ0

Eligehausen et. al., 2004


Potential Embedment Failure Potential Embedment Failure Modes of Bonded Anchors Modes of Bonded Anchors

Cook et al, 1998


Bond Failure at Steel/Mortar Interface Bond Failure at Steel/Mortar Interface (Grout or Adhesive)(Grout or Adhesive)

The presence of the shallow cone has been shown to be secondary, the strength is dependent on bond


Bond Strength of Single Bonded AnchorBond Strength of Single Bonded AnchorUniform Bond Stress ModelUniform Bond Stress Model

bond efN d hτ π=τ

Nbond

hef

d


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Comparison of loads with the uniform bond modelComparison of loads with the uniform bond model(data set average bond stress normalized to 10 (data set average bond stress normalized to 10 MPaMPa))

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000

Load

(KN

)

measured loadsmean - uniform bond model5% fractile - uniform bond model

Bond Area (A b ) (mm2)

Only 17 of 891 data points below 5% fractile (1.9%)

Cook et al, 1998


Grouted Anchor Failure ModesGrouted Anchor Failure Modes

Bond Failure atGrout/Concrete Interface

(with or without head)

Concrete Breakout Failure

Zamora et al 2003


Bond Strength Considerations for Bond Strength Considerations for Grouted AnchorsGrouted Anchors

τh ef

d

τ0hef

d0

τ0

d0

h ef

Bond failure at steel/grout interface

Bond failure at grout/concrete interface

Zamora et al 2003


Bonded Strength Considerations Bonded Strength Considerations for Bonded Anchorsfor Bonded Anchors

• For adhesive anchors (d≤1.5d0), the bond strength can be based the nominal bond stress relative to the anchor diameter (τ)

• For grouted anchors (d>1.5d0), the bonsstrength needs to consider both the nominal bond stress at the anchor/grout interface (τ) and at the grout/concrete interface (τ0)


Design of Bonded AnchorsDesign of Bonded Anchors

• Bond strength can be based on the uniform bond stress model up to hef/d of ~20.

• Strength is limited to the concrete breakout strength as provided in ACI 318-05 Appendix D


Behavior of Bonded AnchorsBehavior of Bonded Anchors

Anchor diameter (d)

Tens

ion

Load

' 1.5c efN k f h=

efN d hτ π=

Bond failure Concrete breakout failure


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Critical Spacing and Edge Distance Critical Spacing and Edge Distance for Bonded Anchorsfor Bonded Anchors

0.5 scrs1

s2

ca1

ca2

AN = (ca1 + s1 + 0.5 scr)(ca2 + s2 + 0.5 scr)if ca1 and ca2 < 0.5 scrand s1 and s2 < scr

0.5 scr

0.5

s cr

0.5

s cr

2cr0N sA =

0.5

s cr

0.5 scr

a) Single anchor away from edges and other anchors

b) Four anchor group with close spacing and located near a corner

0.5 scrs1

s2

ca1

ca2

AN = (ca1 + s1 + 0.5 scr)(ca2 + s2 + 0.5 scr)if ca1 and ca2 < 0.5 scrand s1 and s2 < scr

0.5 scr

0.5

s cr

0.5

s cr

2cr0N sA =

0.5

s cr

0.5 scr

a) Single anchor away from edges and other anchors

b) Four anchor group with close spacing and located near a corner


Critical spacing and edge distanceCritical spacing and edge distance

Cast-in-place and post-installed mechanical anchors:

Bonded anchors:

2 3.0cr cr efs c h= =

Why the difference?

0.5

2 201450cr crs c d τ⎛ ⎞= = ⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

Eligehausen et al 2006

ACI 318-05 Appendix D


For bond failure, embedment length For bond failure, embedment length does not have the same effect as that does not have the same effect as that for postfor post--installed mechanical anchors installed mechanical anchors

N

N

hef =20d

hef=10d

Appl and Eligehausen 2005


For bond failure, bond strength has a For bond failure, bond strength has a significant influence on critical spacingsignificant influence on critical spacing

1390 psi [9.9 MPa]τ =

2850 psi [19.6 MPa]τ =

Appl and Eligehausen 2005


Strength of Bonded Anchors:Strength of Bonded Anchors:

, , ,0

Ncbond group ec N g N bond

Nc

AN NA

ψ ψ=

bond efN d hτ π=0.5

2 201450cr crs c d τ⎛ ⎞= = ⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

But not greater than the concrete breakout strength calculated by ACI 318-05 Appendix D Eq. (D-5)

Eligehausen et al 2006


Product Approval Standard:Product Approval Standard:Factors Influencing Bonded Anchor StrengthFactors Influencing Bonded Anchor Strength

• basic bond strength

• temperature

• long term strength (creep)

• loading after short term cure

• Improperly cleaned holes

• mixing method (bulk products)

• damp hole installation

• submerged installation

• hole orientation

• freeze/thaw

• fire resistance

• durability

• cracked concrete

• etc., etc….


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Example: Relative Bond Stress ComparisonExample: Relative Bond Stress ComparisonAdhesive and GroutedAdhesive and Grouted

1800

2342

1659

2259

1780

2850

2663

447

793

1631

2227

1450

2314

1627

2480

2013

2564

334

1656

2104

3055

3040

2306 25

7928

7225

86

2901

2946

1063

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Product

Ave

rage

Uni

form

Bon

d St

ress

, [ps

i] Adhesive τ mean = 1850 psiGrouted τ mean = 2594 psi


Example: Influence of Hole MoistureExample: Influence of Hole Moisture

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T

Aver

age

Uni

form

Bon

d St

reng

th, M

Pa

DRY HOLE (BASELINE)

DAMP HOLE

WET HOLE

Cook and Konz 2001


Example: Influence of Cracked ConcreteExample: Influence of Cracked Concrete

Meszaros, J. (2001)


ICC-ESAC308SampleFormat


Summary: How today’s codes and Summary: How today’s codes and standards work together for selection of standards work together for selection of

anchors:anchors:• Cast-in-place

Design: IBC 2006 – ACI 318-05Product Approval: ACI 318-05

• Post-Installed MechanicalDesign: IBC 2006 – ACI 318-05Product Approval: IBC 2006 – ACI 318-05 – ACI 355.2-04 via ICC-ES AC193


Summary: How today’s codes and Summary: How today’s codes and standards work together for selection of standards work together for selection of

anchors (continued):anchors (continued):• Post-Installed Screw Anchors

Design: IBC 2006 – ICC-ES AC193 – ACI 318-05Product Approval: IBC 2006 – ICC-ES AC193

• Adhesive Bonded AnchorsDesign: IBC 2006 – ICC-ES AC308Product Approval: IBC 2006 – ICC-ES AC308

• Grouted AnchorsIBC 2006 – Tests must be performed


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Summary: Design and Product Summary: Design and Product Approval ConsiderationsApproval Considerations

• Cast-in-place anchorsCovered by ACI 318-05

• Post-installed mechanical anchorsCovered by ACI 318-05 and ACI 355.2-04

• Post-Installed screw anchorsCovered by IBC 2006 via ICC-ES AC193 but needs to be addressed by ACI 318 and ACI 355


Summary: Design and Product Summary: Design and Product Approval Considerations (continued)Approval Considerations (continued)

• Adhesive bonded anchorsCovered by IBC 2006 via ICC-ES AC308 and now being addressed by ACI 318 and ACI 355

• Grouted bonded anchorsCovered indirectly by IBC 2006 but need to addressed by ACI 318 and ACI 355

• Bottom Line on Bonded AnchorsAll glues are not created equal


AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements• Richard Klingner - University of Texas• Basile Rabbat – PCA• Don Meinheit - Wiss, Janney, Elstner

Associates., Inc.• Rolf Eligehausen, Werner Fuchs, and Jörg Appl

- University of Stuttgart• John Silva and Richard Wollmershauser – Hilti• ACI 355 and ACI 318 Sub B


The End

ANCHORAGE TO CONCRETEANCHORAGE TO CONCRETE-- SELECTION AND DESIGNSELECTION AND DESIGN

Anchor Bolt ACI

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