Anatomy of the Cardiovascular system
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Transcript of Anatomy of the Cardiovascular system
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Cardiovascular System Anatomy
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Objectives
• Introduction and Gross Anatomy
• Coronary Circulation
• Conduction System
• Arterial System & Venous system
• Histology of blood vessels
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Introduction to CVS
• Components Of CVS
– Heart
– Blood Vessels
– Blood
• Two types of Circulation
– Systemic circulation
– Pulmonary circulation
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Circulation
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Gross Anatomy
• Conical hollow muscular organ
• 12 x 9 cm and weighs 300g males 250g females
• 4 chambers
– Right and left atria
– Right and left ventricles
• Septum
– Interatrial septum
– Interventricular septum
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Gross Anatomy
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Pericardium
• Fibroserous sac
– encloses heart and roots of the great vessels
• Consists of
– Fibrous pericardium
– Serous pericardium
• Parietal layer – fused with fibrous pericardium
• Visceral layer – fused to the heart
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Pericardium
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Pericardial Cavity
• Pericardial cavity
– Potential space between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
– Contains thin film of serous fluid
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Wall of the Heart
• Three layers
– Epicardium
– Myocardium
– Endocardium
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Position of the Heart
• Obliquely behind the body of the sternum
• 1/3 right to the median plane other 2/3 left to the median plane
• Apex of the Heart
– Formed by left ventricle
– Directed downward, forward to the left
– Left 5th intercostal space 3 ½ inches lateral to midsternal line (just medial to the left midclavicular line)
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• Base of the Heart
– Formed by left atrium and small part of right atrium
– Opening of pulmonary veins
– Forms posterior surface of the heart
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Right Atrium• External extension – right auricle
• 3 main openings
– Superior vena cava
– Inferior vena cava
– Coronary sinus
• Interior
– Smooth posterior part
– Rough anterior/pectinate part ( musculi pectinati)
– Septal wall
• Receive blood from the whole body and pumps to right ventricle through right AV orifice
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Left atrium
• External extension – left auricle
• Two Pulmonary veins opens into the atrium each side of the posterior wall
• Interior
– Greater part smooth
– Musculi Pectinati - auricle
• Receive oxygenated blood from the lungs
– 4 pulmonary veins
• Pumps to left ventricle through left AV orifice
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Right Ventricle
• Receive blood from the right atrium
• Pumps to the lungs through pulmonary artery
• Interior
– Rough part ( inflowing part)– trabecular carneae
• Papillary muscles – finger like projections from the ventricle wall
– Other end connects to cusps of AV valves through chordae tendinae
– Smooth part ( out flowing part)- infundibulum
– 2 orifices – tricuspid, pulmonary
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Left Ventricle
• Receive oxygenated blood from the left atrium
• Pumps into the aorta
• Forms apex of the heart
• Interior
– Rough part (inflowing)
– Smooth part(outflow) – Aortic vestibule
– 2 orifices – mitral , aortic
• Wall Thickness – Left ventricle>>> Right Ventricle
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Heart - Interior
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Valves of the Heart
• 2 types of valves
• Atrioventricular Valves
– Left – bicuspid / mitral ( 2flaps)
– Right – tricuspid ( 3flpas)
– Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae prevent them from eversion towards atria
• Semilunar Valves- aortic and pulmonary
– 3 cusps – directly attached to vessel wall
– Blood caught in cusps push them to close position
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Murmurs
• Turbulent flow through narrowed orifice cause abnormal sound
• Stenosis
– Mitral valve stenosis
– Aortic valve stenosis
• Regurgitation
– Aortic valve regurgitation
– Mitral valve regurgitation
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Blood flow through the heart
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Coronary Circulation
• Supply blood to the heart
• 2 coronary arteries
– Arise from the ascending aorta
• Right coronary artery
– Marginal
– Posterior interventricular
• Left coronary artery
– Anterior interventricular
– Circumflex
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Coronary circulation
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Veins of the heart ?
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Veins of the heart ?
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Arterial System
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Venous System
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Conduction system of the Heart
• Consists of modified cardiac muscle cells which are specialized for initiation and conduction of cardiac impulse
• Consists of
– SA node
• cardiac pacemaker – impulse 70/min
• Located at junction of SVC at right atrium
– AV node
• Located at right posterior part of interatrial septum
• Only conduction pathway between atria and ventricles
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Conduction system of the Heart
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Histology of Blood vessels
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Histology of Blood vessels
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Cross section of artery wall
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Cross section of small vein
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