Anatomy introduction newsletter12
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Transcript of Anatomy introduction newsletter12
In this picture we see all the eight different
directional terms on display. We see where
each part is specifically placed.
Terms descr ib ing body s tructures In this issue:
Discussing
directional terms
How our body ’s re la te to compasses
The compass rose is a great
way to explain directional
terms. Just like a compass’s
east, west south and north,
the eight directional terms
are used to describe the
locations of structures in
relation to other structures
in the body.
Anatomical areas & location terms Megan Corradino Monday, septemeber
Directions and planes of the body..
Directional Terms
Directional terms are used to describe exactly where one body structure is in relation to another. They are used as-suming that the body is standing with feet only slightly apart and the palms facing forward (called the anatomical
position)
Superior = towards or at the upper part
of a structure
inferior = towards or at the lower part
of a structure
Anterior = towards or at the front of a
body
Posterior = towards or at the back of
the body
Medial = Towards or at the midline of
the body/ on the inner side
Lateral = Away from the midline of the
body/ on the outer side
Each directional term often has a counterpart with converse or opposite meaning. These terms are very useful when describing the locations of structures.
Citations
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_directional_terms
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_directional_terms
http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/a/aa072007a.htm
Pictures from :http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Picture+Of+Body+Structure+With+Directional+Terms&FORM=RESTAB
“If you can't get rid of the skeleton in your
closet, you'd best teach it to dance. “
-George Bernard Shaw
Structure : what ’s in me?
For more information
please see:
www.notreal.com
1-800-pushups
http://ithurtsouch.com
www.isthatnormal.edu
WARNING: The previous
websites are completely fake
and made up by the author.
Please do not contact for
medical help as this is
advised as dangerous.
Thank you.
In this issue:What
makes my body
move?
A look into what’s underneath, and what it does! Anna Johnson, Gatlin 1
A view from under the skin..
Structure & Function
Our bodies are made up of layers, and in those
layers lay several different structures that humans
need. Without them, we wouldn’t be able to sur-
vive. The major aspects of human physical structure
are : Responsiveness, Conductivity, Immune, Circu-
latory, Integumentary, Growth, Secretion, Absorp-
tion, Reproduction, Respiratory, Excretory, Muscu-
lar, Skeletal and Digestive.
Each one has a job all it’s own and they all coexist
with one another. The Digestive system cannot
function without the Excretory system just as the
Circulatory system wouldn’t work without Absorp-
tion. The Integumentary system keeps our exterior
apart from the interior. The Immune system stops
viruses and harmful bacteria from destroying us. The
Skeletal system our body upright and protects our
organs. Our muscular system keeps us moving and
pushes our involuntary muscles. Our Digestive sys-
tem turns food into waste and spreads nutrients
throughout the body. Circulatory pumps blood
through our veins. Respiratory fills our lungs with
oxygen. Excretory removes unwanted waste. And
Reproduction helps create more life so that our
race and continue and grow with all of our advanced
structures and functions.
Our bodies are sensitive and need proper
care in order for them to keep working
on a regular basis. Eating healthy, means
making it easier on your digestive system,
breathing regularly means providing your
muscles with oxygen, and keeping in
shape helps put ease on your bones,
muscles, and heart. Its easy to see if your
outside is working regularly but if you're
not certain about how your insides are
doing, it is important to see a doctor
immediately. He can check for
irregularities or growths and make you
happy and healthy once more!
Muscular
helpsus
moveand
Skeletal
keepsus
standing
tall!
French physiologist, Claude Bernard
was the first to make revelations on
homeostasis
Citation: Thibodeau , Gary A. , and Kevin
T. Patton . Anthon'ys textbook of Anatomy
& Physiology . 17th . Missouri : Mosby ,
2002. 1105. Print.
Homeostasis
In the 1800s, French physiologist, Claude Bernard came to
a realization that would begin studies on homeostasis. He
observed that body cells survived in a healthy condition
only when the temperature, pressure, and chemical
composition of their fluid environment remained relatively
constant. He noted that although our the environment
outside of the cells was constantly changing (ex: weather),
the internal environment (ex: body temperature) remained
stable. The reason being that every regulatory mechanism
of the body existed to maintain constant equilibrium of the
human body’s internal environment, also known as
homeostasis. The term homeostasis was coined by
American physiologist Walter B. Cannon. “Homeostasis is
the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions
despite a changing external environment. Dynamic state of
equilibrium, or balance. The body is said to be in
homeostasis when its cellular needs are adequately met
and functional activities are occurring smoothly. Virtually
every organ system plays a role in maintaining the internal
environment.” Examples of homeostasis:
- temperature regulation
- Regulation of blood carbon dioxide level
- Regulation of blood glucose level
The human body is organized systems working
together to maintain equilibrium & good health,
essential to continue living.
There are seven structural levels:
Chemical level: includes all chemical substances
(atoms, ions, & molecules) necessary for life.
Organelle level: organelles are considered "tiny
organs" within a cell. Organelles are made of
molecules, and molecules are made of atoms.
Organelles have specific functions within living
cells.
Cellular level: cells are the basic structural and
functional units of the human body & there are
many types of cells (ex: muscle, nerve, blood)
Tissue Level: A tissue is a group of cells that
perform a specific function and the basic types of
Human Organization
tissues in the human body include epithelial,
muscle, nervous, and connective tissues
Organ level: an organ consists of 2 or more
tissues that perform a particular function (ex:
heart, liver, stomach)
System level: an association of organs that
have a common function; there are 11 major
systems in the human body; digestive, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory,
urinary, reproductive, muscular, lymphatic,
skeletal, and integumentary.
Organism level: this level describes how our
body is able to perform acts that aide in our
survival.
ATOMICALPLANES
JENNIFERDURAN
Anatomical Planes
The midsagittal plane is the plane that passes vertically through the body, dividing it
symmetrically into left and right halves. It passes through the midline structures such as
the spine and navel.
Frontalmidstagilltransverse
The transverse plane is the plane
that passes horizontally through
the body at right angles to the
midsagittal and frontal planes. IT
divides the body symmetrically into
upper and lower halves.
Transverse,frontal
Li fe Characterist ics
ly transmit or propagate
a wave of excitation
from one point to
another within the body.
Responsiveness and
conductivity are highly
developed in nerve and
muscle cells in living
organisms.
Growth– accurse as a
result of a normal
increase in size or
number of cells. In most
instance, its produces
organ or part, but little
change in the shape of
the organism as a whole
or of the part affected.
Respiration– involves
Five Woman Wolf Pack Sept 10th 2012 Volume 1, Issue 1
Characterize of a plant cell.
Newsletter Title
Life Characteristics differ from one
physiologist to the other, depend-
ing on which organism is being
looked at and by the way the life
functions are grouped as. Attrib-
utes that characterize life in bacte-
ria, plants, or animals may very.
The most important in humans are
described as the follows:
Responsiveness– or irritability is that
characteristic of life that permits an
organism to sense, monitor, and
respond to changes in its external
environment. Withdrawing from a
painful stimulus, such as a pinprick,
is and example
Conductivity– refers to the capacity
of living cells and tissues to seletiv-
processes that result in
the absorption,
transport, utilization, or
exchange of respiratory
gases between an
organism and its
environment.
Digestion– is the process
by which complex food
products are broken
down into smaller parts
that can be absorbed
and used by individual
body cells.
Absorption– refers to the
movements of digested
nutrients through the
wall of digestive tube
and into the body fluids
for transport to cells for
Use.
Secretion– is the pro-
duction and delivery
of specialized sub-
stances, such as di-
gestive juices and
hormones, for di-
verse body functions.