ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF HUMAN BODY (be health and safe in your workplace) dr. NURUL HIDAYATI, M.Sc...
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Transcript of ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF HUMAN BODY (be health and safe in your workplace) dr. NURUL HIDAYATI, M.Sc...
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ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF HUMAN BODY (be health and safe in your
workplace)
dr. NURUL HIDAYATI, M.Sc
Department of Anatomy-HistologyFaculty of MedicineUNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
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Demands of work duties and environment
Safety and Health issue at work
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Learning Objectives
Understand roles of anatomy structure and function of human body in a working area in term of safety and healthy at work
Be able to optimize the role of anatomy and function of human body to improve someone’s performance at work
For specific reason, applying knowledge of anatomy and function of human body in relevant field of areas as the professional practice
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Complex structures and function to live
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From simple to complex …
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Levels of Organization
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organs System Level Organismic Level
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Levels of Structural Organization Chemical Level - atomic and molecular level Cellular level - smallest living unit of the body Tissue level
Group of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together on one task
4 basic tissue types: epithelium, muscle, connective tissue, and nerve
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Organ level - consists of two or more types of primary tissues that function together to perform a particular function
Example: Stomach○ Inside of stomach lined with epithelial tissue○ Wall of stomach contains smooth muscle○ Nervous tissue in stomach controls muscle contraction and gland secretion○ Connective tissue binds all the above tissues together
System - collection of related organs with a common function, sometimes an organ is part of more than one system
Organismic level - one living individual
Levels of Structural OrganizationLevels of Structural Organization
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HUMAN BODY
SYSTEMS
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Anatomy structures of human body
nervous system
respiratory system
excretory system
muscular system
endocrine system
lymphatic (immune) system
integumentary system
digestive system
skeletal system
circulatory system
reproductive system
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Body Systems
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Body Systems
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Basic mechanism to survive / live
“The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment within a dynamic state of equilibrium when outside conditions change
Internal conditions change/vary within narrow limits.
•Body systems must respond to changes quickly and in the right way.
•Homeostasis is essential for survival and function of all cells
Homeo – unchanging Statis – standing Homeostasi
s
Keeping the Balance
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What can go wrong with homeostasis?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• A problem in one body system may cause problems in other body systems.
• Lack of food and the presence of toxins or pathogens may disrupt the proper functioning of body systems.
• Problems with cells, tissues, or organs can cause problems in the body.
• If cells cannot get energy or necessities, they cannot work properly.
• When the body cannot maintain homeostasis, it is easier for pathogens to invade the body
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Control systems are grouped into two classes Intrinsic controls
○ Local controls that are inherent in an organ
Extrinsic controls○ Regulatory mechanisms initiated outside an organ○ Accomplished by nervous and endocrine systems
Two mechanisms Autoregulation – when a tissue, organ or organ
system responds automaticallyExtrinsic regulation – when response results from the
action of one of the two organ systems that control or adjust the function of many other systems simultaneously
Homeostatic Control Systems
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Feedforward - term used for responses made in anticipation of a change
Feedback - refers to responses made after change has been detected
Homeostatic Control Systems
Negative feedback loop original stimulus reversed most feedback systems in the body are negative used for conditions that need frequent adjustment
Positive feedback loop original stimulus intensified seen during normal childbirth
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Negative Feedback Loop
Receptor - structures that monitor a controlled condition and detect changes
Control center – determines next action
Effectorreceives directions from
the control centerproduces a response that restores the
controlled condition
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Negative Feedback LoopNegative Feedback Loop
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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
LOOP
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Homeostasis – Negative Feedback Loop Blood glucose concentrations rise after a sugary meal (the
stimulus), the hormone insulin is released and it speeds up the transport of glucose out of the blood and into selected tissues (the response), so blood glucose concentrations decrease (thus decreasing the original stimulus).
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Homeostasis of Blood Pressure Baroreceptors in walls of
blood vessels detect an increase in BP
Brain receives input and signals blood vessels and heart
Blood vessels dilate, HR decreases
BP decreases
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Positive Feedback during Childbirth Stretch receptors in walls of uterus send signals to
the brain Brain induces release of hormone (oxytocin) into
bloodstream Uterine smooth muscle contracts more forcefully More stretch, more hormone, more contraction
etc. Cycle ends with birth of the baby & decrease in
stretch
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Role of Body Systems in Homeostasis
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THANK YOU …..