Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor Sampling Andy...
Transcript of Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor Sampling Andy...
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Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor
Sampling
Andy Rezendes
Alpha Analytical Labs
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Andy Rezendes, Alpha Analytical, Inc.
October 11, 2011
EBC SubSlab Mitigation
Systems for Vapor Intrusion
Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor
Sampling
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Synopsis:
♦ General Overview of Air Analytical Methods
♦ Sampling Soil Vapor and Ambient Air w/ Canisters
♦ Regional Sampling Procedures for VI Investigations-
♦ MA, CT, NH, ME
♦ Your questions…
Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor Sampling
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Principle of Air Sampling
• Air sampling is conducted by creating a controlled pressure differential via mechanical means to
allow air flow into or through a collection device
Whole air sample
collect air sample in container, return to lab
Sorbent sample collect compounds of concern using solid or liquid media, return to lab
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Air Analysis Methodology
EPA Compendium of Methods (TO methods)
Source test methods-40 CFR part 60 app. A
NIOSH / OSHA methods-designed for PELs
IP methods (indoor air)
MA DEP APH method (Air-phase Petroleum
Hydrocarbons)
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Air Sampling Equipment
Canisters (FSL and SUMMA),
Tedlar bags, tubes, or badges for
VOCs
MCE or PVC cartridges for dust
and inorganics
PUF cartridges for semivolatile
organics
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grab filter F.C. w/ soil vapor
config. ambient air F.C.
2.7 Liter
• Flow controller configurations
• Canisters
• does size matter?
Air Sampling Equipment for
Canister Sampling
6.0 Liter 1.0 Liter
Smaller sizes are being
produced (i.e. 100 mL)
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• Correct configuration of flow controllers-soil vapor or ambient?
• Canister vacuum should be at 30 in.-check w/ flow controller or vacuum gauge
• Chain of custody-record can ID and flow controller serial # for your benefit!!
• Record start-stop vacuum readings
Canister Sampling Documentation
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Canister Sampling Documentation
COC Review
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• Typically composite or time weighted average (TWA)
• Duration should reflect the exposure scenario
• Grab sample only if odors are an issue
• Must be sampled through 2 micron particulate filter
• Field duplicates obtained by co-locating canisters
General Principles
Ambient Air Sampling
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• Maximum flowrate = 200 mL/min
• Use Teflon or polypropylene tubing to connect to soil gas
probe, check w/ lab for size (typically ¼” OD)
• Must be sampled through 2 micron particulate filter
!!!!
• Field duplicate sampling an issue; tee-off co-locate?
• Provide screening data on COC if available
General Principles
Soil Vapor Sampling
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• Ambient air samples –should have some vacuum left in canister (i.e. 5 in. Hg) – more critical if not
• Soil vapor samples –should have some vacuum left in canister (i.e. 5 in. Hg) – less critical if not
• Grab samples – final vacuum not critical, can go to 0 in. Hg
• Greater than 15 in. Hg – may be a need for dilution
Post – Sampling, when am I done?
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Compound Typical
Concentration
Chloromethane 0.5 ppbV / 1.03 ug/m3
CH4 + Cl2 UV
CH3Cl + HCl
Dichlorodifluoromethane
0.5 ppbV / 2.5 ug/m3
Petroleum / Combustion-related
compounds
Benzene = 0.1 ppbV / 0.32 ug/m3
Carbon Tetrachloride (10-6 = 0.16 ug/m3)
0.1 ppbV / 0.63 ug/m3
Atmospheric Background of VOCs
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Subslab Mitigation Systems and
PVC Cement
Ingredient Percent
Acetone 10-20
2-Butanone 0-5
Cylcohexanone 10-16
Tetrahydrofuran 50-60
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 12-18
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Regional Sampling Procedures MA MCP, CT, NH, ME
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MADEP Vapor Intrusion Guidance WSC# (DRAFT)
Main document
Assesment Mitigation Regulator Framework
Communication & Public Involvement Obtaining Access
•Appendix 1 –Threshold Values
•Residential – TVr
•Industrial/Commercial – TVi/c
•Appendix 2 –Soil Gas Screening Values – currenlty reserved (0.05 attenuation factor)
•Appendix 3 –Detailed Sampling Procedures
•Appendix 4 – Common GW and Soil Remidiation Approaches-reserved
•Appendix 5- Guidance on the Design, Installation, Operation, and Monitoring of Sub-
Slab Depressurization Systems
•Appendix 6 - References for Other Active Mitigation Systems
•Appendix 7 - Mitigation System Check List
•Appendix 8 -Use of Activity and Use Limitations (AULs) to Address Future Buildings
in Areas of Potential Vapor Intrusion
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Parameter Most Conservative Conditions Least Conservative
Conditions
Season Late winter/early spring Summer
Temperature Indoor 10oF > than outdoors Indoor temp < outdoor temp.
Wind Steady, > ~5 mph Calm
Soil Saturated with rain Dry
Doors/Windows Closed Open
Heating System Operating Off
MADEP Guidance-Sampling Indoor
Air
When to sample (table 2-3)
Sampling composite times (recommended) –
Commercial – 8 hr
Residential – 24 hr (minimum of 4 hr)
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Outdoor air sample recommended
Can limit investigation to COCs, refer to MassDEP Risk
Characterization Guidance (sect. 2)
Should be sampled simultaneously or at a similar time as
subslab/soil vapor samples
Other collection devices allowed in App. 3 (vials, bags,
passive monitors, tubes), no MCP methodology for these
devices
MADEP Guidance-Sampling
Indoor Air
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Currently main document not consistent w/ appendices
Should not be sampled “at too high a rate”, will most likely
be updated to 200 mL/min
Should be sampled simultaneously or at a similar time as
indoor air samples
MADEP Guidance-Sampling
Subslab/Soil Vapor
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• “Hybrid method” of TO-15 and VPH methods
• Method has been finalized (December 2009)
• Labs will not be subtracting out “non-petroleum
hydrocarbons” unless requested
• 2-Methylnaphthalene dropped from TAL
MADEP APH
(Air-phase Petroleum Hydrocarbons)-Update
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CAM Methods for TO-15 and
APH
• Question E – APH & TO-15 Methods – was the complete TAL reported for each method?
• Lab reporting requirements – Sample results
– Method Blank
– LCS
– Matrix duplicate
– Internal standard performance
– Media certification results
– Flow controller calibration results
– Vacuum of canister at receipt in lab
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CAM Methods for TO-15
and APH
• Data User (that’s you) Reporting Requirements
– Serial # of canister for each sample ID
– Serial # of flow controller for each sample ID
– Sample duration
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• Screening values for residential and commercial sites
• Specific target analyte list and RLs (Table 1)
• Soil gas sampling – maximum flowrate of 200 mL/min
• Ambient air sampling – 8 hr. or 24 hr. composite (commercial / residential)
• Living space closest to VI pathway
NHDES Vapor Intrusion Guidance Manual
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• Does not address sampling
• Has specific target analyte list and limits for soil vapor, indoor air
– Residential
– Commercial
• References EPA Vapor Intrusion Guidance
• Currently working on new guidance
CT & RI RSR Criteria
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• New guidance out, January 2010 (sampling guidance is draft)
• Has screening values for following:
– Residential – chronic & subchronic (7 yr), both single and multi-component
– Commercial – chronic & subchronic (7 yr), both single and multi-component
• Indoor air sampling duration: 24 hr. residential, 8 hr. commercial
• Soil vapor samples – 30 minute duration
• Has adopted APH method for petroleum-related sites
Maine Vapor Intrusion Guidance