Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor Sampling Andy...

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Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor Sampling Andy Rezendes Alpha Analytical Labs

Transcript of Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor Sampling Andy...

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Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor

Sampling

Andy Rezendes

Alpha Analytical Labs

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Andy Rezendes, Alpha Analytical, Inc.

October 11, 2011

EBC SubSlab Mitigation

Systems for Vapor Intrusion

Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor

Sampling

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Synopsis:

♦ General Overview of Air Analytical Methods

♦ Sampling Soil Vapor and Ambient Air w/ Canisters

♦ Regional Sampling Procedures for VI Investigations-

♦ MA, CT, NH, ME

♦ Your questions…

Analytical Methods for Air and Vapor Sampling

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Principle of Air Sampling

• Air sampling is conducted by creating a controlled pressure differential via mechanical means to

allow air flow into or through a collection device

Whole air sample

collect air sample in container, return to lab

Sorbent sample collect compounds of concern using solid or liquid media, return to lab

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Air Analysis Methodology

EPA Compendium of Methods (TO methods)

Source test methods-40 CFR part 60 app. A

NIOSH / OSHA methods-designed for PELs

IP methods (indoor air)

MA DEP APH method (Air-phase Petroleum

Hydrocarbons)

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Air Sampling Equipment

Canisters (FSL and SUMMA),

Tedlar bags, tubes, or badges for

VOCs

MCE or PVC cartridges for dust

and inorganics

PUF cartridges for semivolatile

organics

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grab filter F.C. w/ soil vapor

config. ambient air F.C.

2.7 Liter

• Flow controller configurations

• Canisters

• does size matter?

Air Sampling Equipment for

Canister Sampling

6.0 Liter 1.0 Liter

Smaller sizes are being

produced (i.e. 100 mL)

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• Correct configuration of flow controllers-soil vapor or ambient?

• Canister vacuum should be at 30 in.-check w/ flow controller or vacuum gauge

• Chain of custody-record can ID and flow controller serial # for your benefit!!

• Record start-stop vacuum readings

Canister Sampling Documentation

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Canister Sampling Documentation

COC Review

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• Typically composite or time weighted average (TWA)

• Duration should reflect the exposure scenario

• Grab sample only if odors are an issue

• Must be sampled through 2 micron particulate filter

• Field duplicates obtained by co-locating canisters

General Principles

Ambient Air Sampling

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• Maximum flowrate = 200 mL/min

• Use Teflon or polypropylene tubing to connect to soil gas

probe, check w/ lab for size (typically ¼” OD)

• Must be sampled through 2 micron particulate filter

!!!!

• Field duplicate sampling an issue; tee-off co-locate?

• Provide screening data on COC if available

General Principles

Soil Vapor Sampling

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• Ambient air samples –should have some vacuum left in canister (i.e. 5 in. Hg) – more critical if not

• Soil vapor samples –should have some vacuum left in canister (i.e. 5 in. Hg) – less critical if not

• Grab samples – final vacuum not critical, can go to 0 in. Hg

• Greater than 15 in. Hg – may be a need for dilution

Post – Sampling, when am I done?

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Compound Typical

Concentration

Chloromethane 0.5 ppbV / 1.03 ug/m3

CH4 + Cl2 UV

CH3Cl + HCl

Dichlorodifluoromethane

0.5 ppbV / 2.5 ug/m3

Petroleum / Combustion-related

compounds

Benzene = 0.1 ppbV / 0.32 ug/m3

Carbon Tetrachloride (10-6 = 0.16 ug/m3)

0.1 ppbV / 0.63 ug/m3

Atmospheric Background of VOCs

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Subslab Mitigation Systems and

PVC Cement

Ingredient Percent

Acetone 10-20

2-Butanone 0-5

Cylcohexanone 10-16

Tetrahydrofuran 50-60

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 12-18

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Regional Sampling Procedures MA MCP, CT, NH, ME

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MADEP Vapor Intrusion Guidance WSC# (DRAFT)

Main document

Assesment Mitigation Regulator Framework

Communication & Public Involvement Obtaining Access

•Appendix 1 –Threshold Values

•Residential – TVr

•Industrial/Commercial – TVi/c

•Appendix 2 –Soil Gas Screening Values – currenlty reserved (0.05 attenuation factor)

•Appendix 3 –Detailed Sampling Procedures

•Appendix 4 – Common GW and Soil Remidiation Approaches-reserved

•Appendix 5- Guidance on the Design, Installation, Operation, and Monitoring of Sub-

Slab Depressurization Systems

•Appendix 6 - References for Other Active Mitigation Systems

•Appendix 7 - Mitigation System Check List

•Appendix 8 -Use of Activity and Use Limitations (AULs) to Address Future Buildings

in Areas of Potential Vapor Intrusion

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Parameter Most Conservative Conditions Least Conservative

Conditions

Season Late winter/early spring Summer

Temperature Indoor 10oF > than outdoors Indoor temp < outdoor temp.

Wind Steady, > ~5 mph Calm

Soil Saturated with rain Dry

Doors/Windows Closed Open

Heating System Operating Off

MADEP Guidance-Sampling Indoor

Air

When to sample (table 2-3)

Sampling composite times (recommended) –

Commercial – 8 hr

Residential – 24 hr (minimum of 4 hr)

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Outdoor air sample recommended

Can limit investigation to COCs, refer to MassDEP Risk

Characterization Guidance (sect. 2)

Should be sampled simultaneously or at a similar time as

subslab/soil vapor samples

Other collection devices allowed in App. 3 (vials, bags,

passive monitors, tubes), no MCP methodology for these

devices

MADEP Guidance-Sampling

Indoor Air

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Currently main document not consistent w/ appendices

Should not be sampled “at too high a rate”, will most likely

be updated to 200 mL/min

Should be sampled simultaneously or at a similar time as

indoor air samples

MADEP Guidance-Sampling

Subslab/Soil Vapor

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• “Hybrid method” of TO-15 and VPH methods

• Method has been finalized (December 2009)

• Labs will not be subtracting out “non-petroleum

hydrocarbons” unless requested

• 2-Methylnaphthalene dropped from TAL

MADEP APH

(Air-phase Petroleum Hydrocarbons)-Update

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CAM Methods for TO-15 and

APH

• Question E – APH & TO-15 Methods – was the complete TAL reported for each method?

• Lab reporting requirements – Sample results

– Method Blank

– LCS

– Matrix duplicate

– Internal standard performance

– Media certification results

– Flow controller calibration results

– Vacuum of canister at receipt in lab

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CAM Methods for TO-15

and APH

• Data User (that’s you) Reporting Requirements

– Serial # of canister for each sample ID

– Serial # of flow controller for each sample ID

– Sample duration

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• Screening values for residential and commercial sites

• Specific target analyte list and RLs (Table 1)

• Soil gas sampling – maximum flowrate of 200 mL/min

• Ambient air sampling – 8 hr. or 24 hr. composite (commercial / residential)

• Living space closest to VI pathway

NHDES Vapor Intrusion Guidance Manual

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• Does not address sampling

• Has specific target analyte list and limits for soil vapor, indoor air

– Residential

– Commercial

• References EPA Vapor Intrusion Guidance

• Currently working on new guidance

CT & RI RSR Criteria

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• New guidance out, January 2010 (sampling guidance is draft)

• Has screening values for following:

– Residential – chronic & subchronic (7 yr), both single and multi-component

– Commercial – chronic & subchronic (7 yr), both single and multi-component

• Indoor air sampling duration: 24 hr. residential, 8 hr. commercial

• Soil vapor samples – 30 minute duration

• Has adopted APH method for petroleum-related sites

Maine Vapor Intrusion Guidance