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Analysis of the impact of the changes in definition of the statistical unit enterprise on SBS

(Contract n°06111.2013.002-2013.194)

Report describing the results of the quantification of the breaks in series of the main SBS characteristics

(Examples of INSEE and ISTAT)

(Deliverable 2)

Date of the report:

February 2014

Drafted by: SOGETI Luxembourg:

Alma RUTKAUSKIENE

Disseminated: Sandrine CIPPONERI

Pascal LOOSVELDT

EUROSTAT: Zsolt VOLFINGER

Dominique FRANCOZ

2013, SOGETI Luxembourg S.A.

Project team: Jean-Marc Béguin - INSEE France Vincent Hecquet – INSEE France Giuseppe Garofalo - ISTAT Italy Mauro Masselli – ISTAT Italy Inger Ohman – Independent expert, Sweden Project manager: Alma Rutkauskiene – SOGETI Luxembourg


Contents

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….…..4

1. Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………..….….5

2. The principal approach used………………………………………………………………………………..….….6

3. Breaks in series. The main results…………………………………………………..…………………...…..9

4. Some conclusions……………………………………………………………………………………………..…..…..10


Introduction

The current study “Analysis of the impact of the changes in the definition of the statistical

unit enterprise on SBS” was initiated by Eurostat in spring 2013 with the aim to quantify

the breaks in series of the SBS characteristics once a new definition of enterprise is

applied. The new definition of statistical observation unit enterprise was proposed by the

ESSnet on Consistency in 20121.

The study was carried out by the national statistical institutes of France (INSEE) and

Italy (ISTAT). The first task was to provide theoretical description of the possible breaks

in series that might occur when the definition of the enterprise is changed. The second

task was to test the use of the new enterprise unit on the real SBS data and to quantify

possible breaks in series of the main SBS characteristics. This report is mostly focused on

the second task of the project.

The research work was using the information of the national business registers for

statistical purposes, SBS survey results and administrative data. As a real profiling has not

been completed the enterprises have been formed using the algorithms that were applied

to the population of the legal units. The algorithms used by INSEE and ISTAT were slightly

different. The main activity codes of the potential enterprises as well as the interflows

between the units of these enterprises have been estimated using some assumptions. The

approach used by France and Italy was not completely the same. This report points out

the main principles while the detailed description of the methods used is provided in the

national reports (see attached).

1http://www.cros-portal.eu/sites/default/files//Deliverable_53_Part1.pdf

http://www.cros-portal.eu/sites/default/files/Deliverable_53_Part1.pdf


1. Objectives

Currently the NSIs define an enterprise as it is described in the Council Regulation No

696/93 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of production system in the

Community:

The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organisational unit

producing goods or services, which benefits from certain degree of autonomy in decision-

making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one

or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.

Practice showed that MS interpret this definition differently. That may lead to

inconsistencies in statistical data between different EU countries, and in the globalised

economy, this approach may not always make business statistics reflect the reality.

In order to avoid different interpretations and to help produce meaningful economic

statistics, the ESSnet on Consistency proposed a new definition of enterprise unit. It takes

into account the common control of the legal units and links it with enterprise groups. The

new proposed definition was as follows2:

A statistical unit enterprise is an organisational market oriented unit which benefits from

sufficient degree of autonomy in decision-making. An enterprise carries out one or more

activities at one or more locations. Meaningful data for statistics can be provided for this

unit.

The Enterprise can correspond to a single legal unit (not controlled by any other legal

unit), an enterprise group as a set of legal units under common control, or an autonomous

part of an enterprise group.

The aim of this study is to measure the breaks in series that would occur if the main SBS

results were based on another statistical unit. The breaks in series have to be quantified

for such characteristics as number of enterprises, turnover, production value, value-added,

number of employees and wages and salaries at two digit level of NACE Rev.2 and for the

size classes of the enterprises.

2

A Task Force on Statistical Units has been established by Eurostat to refine the new proposed definition. (The final proposal is not yet available).


This task has been implemented by the NSIs of France (INSEE) and Italy (ISTAT)

2. The principal approach used

The NSIs of France and Italy participating in this project analysed the differences

between the main SBS characteristics produced using the legal unit as statistical

observation unit and using the enterprise according to a new definition as observation unit.

As a full profiling of enterprise groups has not been finished in the two countries, the

enterprises were constructed applying the algorithms that were built on the basis of

information on legal units and enterprise groups available in the countries. The algorithms

were slightly different in these two countries although the main approach was very similar.

The NSIs ensured that the business population in the two sets (by legal units and by

enterprises) was the same. The SBS characteristics were calculated using the concept of

the national economic territory. The data referred to the year 2011.

The groups operating in the agriculture and in the financial sector were excluded from the

study.

French approach

The algorithm used by INSEE was based on the analysis of the structure (perimeter, not

control) of enterprise groups using available data on enterprise groups, employment in

each legal unit, identifying the ancillary activities, defining the cases when a group could

or should be split into several parts, defining the main activity of the enterprise made from

several legal units.

One or more enterprises in one enterprise group? In order to decide whether an

enterprise group needs to be split into several enterprises, a system of thresholds based

on the number of employees in each legal unit has been developed (excluding the ancillary

activities that were identified at the first step). The main activities of all the legal units of

the group except ancillaries were ranged by NACE codes at the lowest level. If the whole

group is 100% engaged in the same activity it is treated as one enterprise. If the first

main activity overtakes one of the three thresholds ( 80% at 5 digit level NAF3, 90 % at 3

digit level, 93% at 2 digit level) it is decided that the group has only one activity and does

not need to be split. If the three ratios of the first main activity are under the threshold,

then the ratios are calculated for the two first activities, the three first activities etc. The

maximum enterprises delineated in one group was 9. (See the detailed description - full

report). After applying this algorithm, 19 % of the groups were split into several

enterprises (17% into two and 2% into more than 2).

3 French activity classification based on NACE + 5

th national digit.


Determining of ancillary units. As a first step a list of ancillary activities has been

established. It was determined through the analysis of the frequency of those activities in

the largest 500 groups.

The assumption was that all the large groups do use ancillary activities while small ones

don’t. For a smaller group if the weight of one of those activities (in terms of employment)

is bigger than its average in large groups, it should mean that it is not an ancillary activity

but a market-oriented activity of the group.

The list of activities and the thresholds were as follows:

List of ancillary activities used in the study

CODE Activity Threshold

47.78.C* - Other retail sale of new goods in specialised stores (4778A and 47.78.B are unimportant)

10%

49.41.B - Small distance Freight transport by road 10%

64.30 - Trusts, funds and similar financial entities 10%

66.00 - Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities 10%

68.00 - Real estate activities 10%

77.00 - Rental and leasing activities 10%

62.00 - Computer programming, consultancy and related activities 10%

85.59.A - Adults’ in-service training (Other education n.e.c is divided in 8559A and other”; the adults training has been put aside)

10%

78.10 - Activities of employment placement agencies 20 %

69.10 - Legal activities 20%

69.20 - Accounting, bookkeeping and auditing activities; tax consultancy 20%

64.20 - Activities of holding companies 20%

70.10 - Activities of head offices 20%

71.10 - Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy 20%

46.00 - Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles 30%

*French activity classification (NAF)

Calculating the SBS characteristics for enterprises consisting of several legal

units. The main SBS characteristics such as number of enterprises, number of employees,

wages and salaries, turnover, production value, value added have been calculated for the

enterprises consisting of several legal units using the existing data for these legal units

making following approach. At a first step the ancillary units within enterprise were

identified and marked as well as the legal units belonging to the secondary activities of the

enterprise; the values of the variables of the legal units of the secondary activities were

distributed among the legal units of the main activity proportionally to their weight

calculated as the ratio between the number of employees and the total number of

employees in the enterprise (excluding the ancillary legal units). The variables of the

ancillary legal units were distributed in a similar way except for the non-additive variables


like turnover and production value that were suppressed (consolidated). At the last step,

all the other variables (additive ones) were summed up.

Italian approach

One or more enterprises in one enterprise group? In order to decide if the enterprise

group has to be split into several enterprises the share of the sales of the main activity

was calculated. If 90 % of sales come from the activity that belong to one NACE code (2

digit level), such a group was considered as one enterprise. The groups that had sales of

the main activity representing less than 90 % were treated using information on the

structure of links and control levels of the group, the more homogeneous subparts of the

group were identified. Internal chains of control were followed.

It was decided that the homogeneity of NACE codes (as in French approach) is not a

sufficient criterion to guarantee the delineation of an autonomous enterprise. The potential

enterprises (sub-groups) were formed by legal units linked together by direct and indirect

relationship of control. That was taken into account in the algorithm. An iterative process

to form potential enterprises starting from the second level of the tree chain of the

enterprise group was developed. The typology of the head of the group was considered.

When the head of the group belonged to the sectors that are outside of the SBS scope

(foreign units, inactive units, natural persons, public administration) the iterative process

of forming the enterprises started from the second level of control and the group was split

into several enterprises. That was done for 70% of the groups. In the cases when a top of

the group was in the scope of SBS (30%) the iterative process was not applied and a

group was treated as a single enterprise. (More detail description of the method provided

in the national report).

Determining of ancillary units. A set of economic activities that were considered as

ancillary activities was agreed. It was decided to use the same list as in French approach

(see page 7). The legal units that belonged to these activities were considered as ancillary

when their turnover counted for less than 15% of the total turnover of the enterprise.

Calculating the SBS characteristics for enterprises consisting of several legal

units. As in French case no information on the interflows within the enterprise was

available. In order to eliminate the interflows from the non-additive characteristics

(turnover, purchases of goods and services) some estimation methods were used. If the

legal unit of the enterprise was considered an ancillary unit, the turnover of it was

eliminated them from the turnover of enterprise and from the intermediate costs. In case

of an enterprise with multi-activities the consolidation was done for each activity

proportionally to its turnover.


3. Breaks in series. The main results of the study.

Changes in the structure of the economy by activities of enterprises.

Two data sets of the main SBS characteristics for 2011 were produced. One of them was

based on the legal units and the other one constructed from the data base of the legal

units by applying the algorithms described above (enterprise was equal either to the

enterprise groups, to the part of the enterprise group or to the single legal unit). The

business population in both data sets was the same. Multinational enterprises were treated

in the same way as national enterprises. Non-additive characteristics were consolidated.

By comparing the same characteristics of these two data sets the differences were

calculated. The differences show the possible breaks in series if the statistical

observation unit will be changed from legal unit to the enterprise according to

the new definition.

The main SBS characteristics were produced on a 2-digit level of NACE and by size classes

of enterprises. The results for both countries are presented in the tables at the end of

report.

The results showed similar changes in both countries (Italy and France) in spite of the

different algorithms in the construction of the enterprises and eliminating the interflows.

Thus, the number of enterprises compared with the number of legal units decreased by

1.8 % in Italy and by 4.2 % in France. The most significant decrease in number of

enterprises was in the energy sector - electricity, water and waste (in Italy by 16% and in

France by 13 %) and in the real estate sector (in Italy by 11 % and in France by 17% ).

As the number of employees, wages and salaries and value added are additive

characteristics, the figures at national level did not change. There was a slight shift from

the services to the production sector4. In the production sector in France, the value added

increases by 10% and in Italy by 3%; the number of employees in France increased by

5% and in Italy by 1 % (Tables 1-2). The weight of the production activities in terms of

value-added in France increased from 33% to 36 %, in Italy from 42% to 43% and

consequently the weight of services activities decreased by corresponding rate in both

countries (Tables 3-4). The changes by 2digit-level of NACE are presented in the Tables

5-8.

4 Mining, manufacturing, electricity, water supply, construction activities.


Changes in the structure of the economy by size classes of enterprises.

The results aggregated by the size classes of enterprises showed increase of the number

of enterprises in the group “250 employees and more”(for France only in the group >5000

employees) and decrease in all other groups. In Italy the number of enterprises “up to 10

employees” decreased by 2% or by more than 70 thousands entities; in France by 3%. A

quite significant decrease of the number enterprises was observed in the group of small

(20-49 employees) and medium-size enterprises (50-249) (In Italy by 4 %; in France by

25%). The share of value added produced by micro-, small and medium-size enterprises in

Italy decreased from 72% to 68% and in France from 59% to 49% (Tables 9-12).

Conclusions

The results of the study revealed some differences in the main SBS characteristics

when they were calculated using the legal units as observation units and when the

observation units were the enterprises constructed according to the new definition.

The non- additive characteristics (such as turnover, production value, etc.) were

affected the most as the interflows between the units of the same enterprises had to

be eliminated. As information on the interflows was not available, the interflows were

estimated using the algorithms that unfortunately did not rely on real knowledge and

might bring different results when the data from real profiling of big enterprise groups

is used.

The results showed some changes in the structure of the economy when using an

enterprise as an observation unit. The value added was slightly shifted from services to

production activities, although that did not dramatically change the structure of the

economy at national level. Some of the changes at the 2-digit level of NACE were quite

significant and they might be even more visible at the 4-digit level of NACE.

The changes in the data on size-classes of enterprises showed a decrease in the

number of small and medium class enterprises although their part in the value added

did not change considerably. The new statistics showed a more concentrated economy

than the previous one.

The research work conducted by two NSIs was limited in time. It would be

recommended to continue the study involving more countries and giving more time for

the analysis of the results.

FRANCE Changes (+/-) within the NACE groups (industry/services)

Table 1

Activity NACE codes Number of enterprises Number of employees Wages and salaries Turnover Production value Value added (factor cost)

(+/-) number % (+/-) number % (+/-) Euro % (+/-) Euro % (+/-) Euro % (+/-) Euro %

Total -135,361 -4.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 -308,505,720 -8.2 -105,320,526 -4.7 0 0

Agriculture, forestry and fishing A -777 -2,951 -31.9 -147,657 -43.3 -1,845,534 -52.5 -75,115 -33.7 -355,873 -46.3

Mining+Manufacturing B+C -10,738 -4.8 170,811 6.3 11,969,642 11.5 13,657,040 1.5 -1,975,987 -0.3 27,243,299 12.6

Electricity+water+waste D+E -3,086 -13.3 20,415 6.8 1,108,429 8.6 15,041,261 10.1 -792,103 -0.5 2,466,264 6.7

Construction F -9,554 -2.1 34,643 2.6 1,972,554 4.3 11,584,874 4.4 4,896,646 1.9 4,430,328 5.0

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of

vehicles

G -22,220 -3.1 -47,567 -1.8 -1,882,045 -2.1 -217,138,852 -15.6 -6,985,898 -7.0 -5,668,329 -2.8

Transport+Accomodation H+I -8,672 -2.5 32,030 1.7 1,857,932 3.0 861,790 0.3 -3,352,272 -1.3 2,652,587 2.2

Information and communication J -3,967 -3.8 -5,207 -0.8 -91,950 -0.3 -6,048,165 -3.5 -6,610,821 -3.9 442,668 0.6

Financial and insurance activities K -16,100 -32,172 -64.4 -2,537,941 -78.8 -41,403,238 -78.5 -6,097,205 -81.6 -5,645,722 -59.9

Real estate activities L -21,762 -16.5 -4,618 -2.5 -219,483 -3.0 -11,046,058 -16.3 -11,423,681 -16.7 -5,345,191 -14.7

Other services M-S -38,485 -3.1 -167,567 -6.2 -12,158,601 -10.1 -73,450,600 -15.4 -73,997,998 -16.1 -21,015,311 -8.6

Industry + Construction -24,155 -3.4 225,869 5.2 15,050,625 9.2 40,283,174 3.1 2,128,555 0.2 34,139,892 10.0

Total services -111,206 -4.4 -225,101 -2.7 -15,032,088 -4.8 -348,225,122 -14.2 -108,467,875 -10.1 -34,579,297 -5.0


ITALY

Changes (+/-) within the NACE groups (industry/services)

Table 2

Activity NACE

codes

Number of enterprisesNumber of employees Purchases of goods and servicesTurnover Production value Value added (factor cost)

(+/-)

number

% (+/-) number % (+/-) Euro % (+/-) Euro % (+/-) Euro % (+/-) Euro %

Total -80,377 -1.8 0 0.0 -34,668,701 -1.5 -34,668,708 -1.1 0 0.0

Mining+Manufacturing B+C -8,047 -1.9 31,600 0.8 14,742,888 1.9 18,968,174 1.9 4,225,284 2.0

Electricity+water+waste D+E -2,437 -15.8 27,472 10.4 25,495,903 13.3 29,858,344 13.2 4,362,441 12.5

Construction F -8,309 -1.4 7,601 0.5 -874,244 -0.6 915,169 0.4 1,789,413 2.6

Wholesale and retail

trade; repair of vehicles

G -12,432 -1.1 9,929 0.3 -56,436,281 -6.3 -55,912,311 -5.5 523,971 0.4

Transport+Accomodation H+I -4,873 -1.1 13,922 0.6 -2,335,778 -1.8 -3,505,072 -1.6 -1,169,292 -1.3

Information and

communication

J -3,492 -3.6 -6,463 -1.2 -1,820,051 -3.0 -2,671,728 -2.3 -851,674 -1.5

Real estate activities L -25,753 -11.2 -17,380 -6.1 -5,167,458 -25.7 -10,267,101 -24.2 -5,099,643 -22.9

Other services M-S -15,034 -1.1 -66,677 -1.8 -8,273,680 -5.5 -12,054,183 -4.1 -3,780,497 -2.7

Total

Industry+Construction

-18,793 -1.8 66,673 1.1 39,364,547 3.5 49,741,687 3.5 10,377,138 3.3

Total services -61,584 -1.9 -66,669 -0.6 -74,033,248 -5.9 -84,410,395 -5.0 -10,377,135 -2.3


FRANCE

Changes in the structure of the economy (NACE industry/services) Table 3

Activity NACE codes Number of enterprises Number of employees Wages and salaries Turnover Production value Value added (factor cost)

LU ENT LU ENT LU ENT LU ENT LU ENT LU ENT

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture, forestry and

fishingA … … … … … … … … … … … …

Mining+Manufacturing B+C 6.9 6.9 21.5 22.9 21.6 24.1 24.0 26.5 34.3 35.8 20.9 23.5

Electricity+water+waste D+E 0.7 0.6 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.9 4.7 6.6 6.9 3.6 3.8

Construction F 14.2 14.5 10.6 10.9 9.7 10.1 7.0 7.9 11.7 12.5 8.6 9.0

Wholesale and retail trade;

repair of vehiclesG 21.8 22.0 21.5 21.1 19.0 18.7 36.9 33.9 4.4 4.3 19.7 19.1

Transport+accomodation H+I 10.6 10.8 15.2 15.5 13.0 13.3 7.5 8.2 11.6 12.1 11.4 11.7

Information and

communicationJ 3.2 3.2 5.1 5.1 6.7 6.7 4.6 4.8 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.7

Financial and insurance

activitiesK … … … … … … … … … … … …

Real estate activities L 4.1 3.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.6 3.0 2.6 3.5 3.0

Other services M-S 38.5 38.9 21.5 20.2 25.0 22.5 12.7 11.7 20.4 17.9 23.6 21.6

Total

Industry+Construction21.8 22.0 34.6 36.4 33.9 37.1 34.9 39.2 52.5 55.2 33.0 36.3

Total services 78.2 78.0 65.3 63.5 65.9 62.8 65.0 60.7 47.4 44.6 66.8 63.4


ITALY

Changes in the structure of the economy (NACE industry/services) Table 4

NACE codes Number of enterprises Number of employees Purchases of goods and services Turnover Production value Value added (factor cost)


Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Mining+Manufacturing B+C 9.81 9.81 24.37 24.56 32.59 33.71 31.50 32.47 28.11 28.67

Electricity+water+waste D+E 0.35 0.30 1.62 1.79 8.07 9.28 7.22 8.26 4.56 5.14

Construction F 13.52 13.58 10.18 10.23 6.67 6.73 7.24 7.35 9.00 9.23

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of vehicles G 26.87 27.08 21.14 21.20 37.61 35.75 32.66 31.22 17.28 17.34

Transport+accomodation H+I 10.05 10.12 14.58 14.66 5.36 5.34 6.96 6.93 11.95 11.80

Information and communication J 2.24 2.20 3.36 3.32 2.56 2.52 3.77 3.72 7.53 7.42

Real estate activities L 5.29 4.79 1.74 1.63 0.85 0.64 1.35 1.04 2.92 2.26

Other services M-S 31.87 32.12 23.01 22.60 6.29 6.03 9.30 9.01 18.64 18.15

Total Industry+Construction 23.68 23.69 36.17 36.58 47.34 49.72 45.96 48.08 41.68 43.04

Total services 76.32 76.31 63.83 63.42 52.66 50.28 54.04 51.92 58.32 56.96


FRANCE

Changes by activities (NACE 2 digit level) (data by enterprises/data by legal units *100 - 100 )

Table 5

Activity

NACE

codes

Number of enterprises

Number of employees Wages and salaries Turnover Production value Value added (factor cost)


Grand Total -135,355 -4.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 -308,505,720 -8.2 -105,320,526 -4.7 0 0.0

Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 6 -55 -83.3 -481 -66.0 -27,896 -63.1 -462,175 -53.7 -469,148 -52.2 -197,297 -43.6

Mining of metal ores 7 -12 -17.6 -246 -68.7 -6,663 -65.9 -34,439 -67.2 -36,544 -69.9 -10,911 -67.7

Other mining and quarrying 8 -490 -30.0 -347 -1.6 53,925 6.8 -517,206 -7.6 -500,732 -7.9 9,390 0.4

Mining support service activities 9 -28 -48.2 -83 -48.0 -4,666 -10.6 -24,182 -8.7 -22,606 -9.1 5,694 5.0

Manufacture of food product 10 -1,631 -3.0 30,624 6.5 1,620,196 11.4 177,554 0.1 -1,081,601 -0.8 4,801,588 16.5

Manufacture of beverages 11 -222 -8.2 5,965 15.0 424,760 24.9 -61,886 -0.3 -199,709 -0.9 731,166 11.6

Manufacture of tobacco product 12 -6 -57.1 -1,794 -100.0 -114,861 -100.0 -1,238,219 -100.0 -1,049,426 -100.0 -770,572 -100.0

Manufacture of textiles 13 -261 -5.9 -827 -2.1 13,126 1.0 -339,798 -4.3 -374,845 -5.3 35,038 1.6

Manufacture of wearing apparel 14 -145 -1.7 510 1.3 36,088 2.9 -516,865 -6.2 -488,952 -7.8 -4,930 -0.2

Manufacture of leather and related products 15 -72 -3.5 1,968 8.9 144,398 20.3 268,542 5.2 159,606 4.6 464,058 26.3

Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except

furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting material

16 -343 -3.6 388 0.6 65,706 3.5 -152,113 -1.3 -173,461 -1.6 163,930 4.8

Manufacture of paper and paper product 17 -293 -20.1 3,890 6.4 221,577 9.7 273,488 1.4 234,346 1.4 462,659 10.7

Printing and reproduction of recorded media 18 -464 -2.9 119 0.2 39,778 1.8 -181,408 -1.7 -173,621 -1.7 84,711 2.2

Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products 19 -43 -63.2 3,947 29.4 503,342 53.5 -2,486,687 -3.4 -2,478,295 -3.5 678,831 6.4

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 20 -493 -17.2 16,216 11.4 1,181,197 17.9 1,786,848 2.3 1,813,207 2.6 2,319,130 14.1

Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical

preparation

21 -107 -26.2 9,356 13.3 893,330 25.9 278,384 0.8 295,291 1.2 3,598,138 37.5

Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 22 -661 -15.1 9,896 5.6 869,166 14.0 2,091,106 5.0 -44,382 -0.1 1,387,329 11.6

Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 23 -791 -9.2 4,298 3.8 358,648 8.7 -319,875 -1.1 -541,771 -2.0 677,685 7.7

Manufacture of basic metals 24 -207 -19.1 6,241 8.3 341,363 11.5 -306,277 -0.9 -422,935 -1.3 505,107 8.9

Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and

equipment

25 -1,663 -8.4 9,275 3.2 676,568 6.5 -489,763 -0.8 -424,918 -0.8 1,196,082 6.2

Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical product 26 -303 -9.7 6,998 5.5 517,069 8.1 121,845 0.4 -133,445 -0.4 -207,069 -1.9

Manufacture of electrical equipment 27 -275 -10.9 7,897 7.1 518,488 11.5 -606,282 -1.9 -520,093 -2.0 1,018,504 12.3

Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. 28 -588 -9.4 6,121 3.5 461,387 6.6 -573,209 -1.2 -763,412 -1.8 1,008,054 7.1

Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 29 -228 -11.9 23,400 11.1 1,108,155 13.0 13,519,320 12.9 3,414,777 5.3 5,542,741 38.2

Manufacture of other transport equipment 30 -114 -11.7 25,416 21.7 1,741,710 30.2 2,760,340 6.8 2,793,410 7.0 2,878,605 26.2

Manufacture of furniture 31 -150 -1.2 1,229 2.6 86,529 5.9 179,274 2.2 170,641 2.4 157,990 6.3

Other manufacturing 32 -219 -1.2 1,309 2.0 98,411 4.0 -207,995 -1.6 -154,328 -1.5 311,171 6.0

Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 33 -874 -4.0 -473 -0.3 148,812 2.3 718,716 2.4 -803,045 -3.2 396,475 3.6

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 35 -2,126 -18.1 9,550 5.9 485,814 6.1 6,414,974 5.8 -2,053,672 -1.8 1,162,818 4.6

Water collection, treatment and supply 36 -81 -2.6 6,902 17.8 318,863 21.8 4,163,741 35.8 1,382,131 11.4 663,644 16.5

Sewerage 37 -112 -6.4 872 6.3 51,093 11.1 1,069,061 42.3 192,646 7.6 130,116 11.8

Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; materials recovery 38 -749 -11.5 3,720 4.5 280,773 10.0 3,618,890 16.0 -83,997 -0.4 565,266 8.8

Remediation activities and other waste management services 39 -18 -8.6 -628 -19.8 -28,115 -24.1 -225,405 -33.8 -229,211 -34.1 -55,580 -24.0

Construction of buildings 41 -4,742 -13.6 4,788 3.5 265,922 4.8 -1,321,690 -2.5 -1,133,065 -2.1 475,457 4.0

Civil engineering 42 -1,010 -20.8 11,748 7.3 622,759 10.6 5,666,471 15.8 4,399,148 12.2 1,546,695 15.6

Specialised construction activities 43 -3,802 -0.9 18,107 1.7 1,083,873 3.1 7,240,093 4.1 1,630,563 0.9 2,408,176 3.6


FRANCE

Changes by activities (NACE 2 digit level) (data by enterprises/data by legal units *100 - 100 ) Table 5

(continuation)

Activity NACE codesNumber of enterprises Number of employees Wages and salaries Turnover Production value Value added (factor cost)


Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and

motorcycle

45 -3,611 -4.3 -4,708 -1.3 -9,680 -0.1 -8,836,943 -5.4 376,153 2.1 1,322,292 6.3

Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles 46 -10,283 -6.5 -109,069 -11.5 -5,139,764 -12.8 -213,082,849 -26.9 -13,685,848 -22.7 -17,783,031 -17.2

Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles 47 -8,326 -1.9 66,210 4.7 3,267,399 8.2 4,780,939 1.1 6,323,797 29.7 10,792,410 13.6

Land transport and transport via pipelines 49 -2,209 -2.7 13,887 2.2 752,294 3.5 1,795,710 2.1 211,298 0.3 3,222,878 8.3

Water transport 50 -142 -8.3 -940 -5.8 -45,112 -6.1 -316,390 -2.3 -334,619 -2.5 -882 -0.1

Air transport 51 -37 -9.4 9,053 14.5 312,502 8.2 1,317,416 6.4 1,263,718 6.1 531,257 9.8

Warehousing and support activities for transportation 52 -1,798 -22.4 -14,597 -6.5 -282,499 -3.5 -6,512,815 -9.8 -6,850,961 -10.2 -1,378,616 -5.6

Postal and courier activities 53 -26 -1.2 22,228 10.9 726,728 10.3 3,805,266 27.7 1,772,018 12.9 -1,179,134 -10.7

Accommodation 55 -2,116 -4.5 2,448 1.2 231,610 4.1 829,193 3.3 761,015 3.2 626,292 5.5

Food and beverage service activities 56 -2,344 -1.2 -49 0.0 162,407 1.1 -56,590 -0.1 -174,742 -0.4 830,791 3.1

Publishing activities 58 -894 -6.9 1,809 1.8 74,016 1.4 -408,418 -1.6 -526,281 -2.1 239,061 2.3

Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound

recording and music publishing activities

59 -845 -4.8 -1,154 -2.5 -64,373 -2.5 -748,486 -5.7 -893,820 -5.9 -253,698 -3.8

Programming and broadcasting activities 60 -161 -25.6 359 1.3 36,489 2.3 330,579 3.0 320,304 2.6 188,482 4.3

Telecommunications 61 -287 -8.0 6,077 4.1 330,450 5.0 56,131 0.1 -82,931 -0.1 588,924 2.0

Computer programming, consultancy and related activities 62 -1,418 -2.4 -7,641 -2.7 -281,356 -2.0 -4,112,920 -8.8 -4,266,367 -9.7 4,354 0.0

Information service activities 63 -362 -4.0 -4,658 -11.8 -187,177 -10.4 -1,165,049 -16.4 -1,161,726 -16.4 -324,454 -9.6

Real estate activities 68 -21,762 -14.7 -4,618 -2.5 -219,483 -3.0 -11,046,058 -16.3 -11,423,681 -16.7 -5,345,191 -14.7

Legal and accounting activities 69 -1,487 -1.9 566 0.3 55,280 0.6 -303,807 -0.9 -299,570 -0.8 60,958 0.2

Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities 70 -21,685 -14.7 -106,793 -41.9 -9,734,059 -51.7 -44,429,088 -57.4 -44,266,860 -59.0 -14,484,721 -47.4

Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis 71 -2,574 -3.2 -37,676 -12.4 -1,915,443 -13.9 -11,804,752 -21.4 -12,311,578 -22.6 -3,154,723 -12.5

Scientific research and development 72 -203 -6.6 -2,230 -5.2 -12,845 -0.6 -879,850 -12.0 -813,393 -11.9 778,894 26.8

Advertising and market research 73 -976 -4.1 -6,148 -5.5 -12,779 -0.3 -3,290,922 -12.5 -3,309,904 -12.9 -127,514 -1.4

Other professional, scientific and technical activities 74 -346 -0.6 -2,896 -10.5 -130,003 -9.9 -1,010,054 -15.2 -881,463 -14.5 -444,489 -14.6

Veterinary activities 75 -2 0.0 2 3.3 59 2.0 534 5.2 529 7.8 143 3.6

Rental and leasing activities 77 -1,380 -4.4 -1,565 -2.2 -8,476 -0.3 -7,221,200 -28.4 -7,314,620 -31.3 -3,469,215 -30.0

Employment activities 78 -1,186 -17.7 1,184 1.1 -452,195 -2.5 2,009,618 6.9 1,980,419 6.8 -391,863 -1.5

Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities 79 -547 -8.8 -3,005 -8.3 -75,274 -5.9 -2,632,905 -19.1 -2,631,121 -19.3 -76,904 -4.3

Security and investigation activities 80 -252 -2.9 1,051 0.8 121,192 3.3 64,989 0.8 63,836 0.8 219,795 4.1

Services to buildings and landscape activities 81 -722 -1.2 3,990 1.2 456,844 5.9 100,519 0.5 35,061 0.2 765,859 6.4

Office administrative, office support and other business support

activities

82 -1,633 -3.6 -16,970 -8.7 -637,862 -9.2 -4,203,469 -12.0 -4,419,585 -14.0 -1,283,656 -9.6

Education 85 -725 -0.9 -3,042 -3.3 -124,908 -4.1 -1,269,753 -11.4 -1,275,050 -11.6 -286,191 -5.1

Human health activities 86 -836 -0.2 6,510 2.0 244,147 1.9 483,811 0.7 478,663 0.7 512,961 1.0

Residential care activities 87 -797 -37.3 -528 -0.6 18,086 0.8 -38,794 -0.6 -55,005 -0.9 44,823 1.2

Social work activities without accommodation 88 -227 -5.7 -168 -0.4 7,654 0.8 -47,677 -2.7 -51,167 -3.0 679 0.1

Creative, arts and entertainment activities 90 -163 -0.5 -917 -3.7 -39,274 -3.4 -306,489 -5.9 -302,307 -6.0 -68,864 -3.5

Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities 91 -24 -3.1 -77 -1.2 -1,359 -0.7 -9,061 -1.6 6,312 1.3 -2,704 -1.1

Gambling and betting activities 92 -171 -25.2 2,265 12.0 94,323 15.6 197,965 1.3 197,756 1.3 100,820 3.0

Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities 93 -270 -0.8 -885 -1.9 -86,831 -4.8 1,251,166 17.7 1,204,123 18.3 6,202 0.2

Activities of membership organisations 94 -24 -1.6 -144 -0.9 -2,654 -0.5 -6,637 -0.4 -13,736 -0.8 -5,653 -1.0

Repair of computers and personal and household goods 95 -157 -0.5 -210 -0.6 28,155 2.0 -114,125 -1.6 -29,156 -0.7 185,753 7.1

Other personal service activities 96 -770 -0.5 241 0.1 47,958 1.2 8,504 0.1 8,930 0.1 102,912 1.3


ITALY


Table 6

Activity NACE

codes

Number of enterprises Number of employees Purchases of goods and services Turnover Production value Value added (factor cost)


Total -80,377 -1.84 0 0.0 -34,668,701 -1.5 -34,668,708 -1.1 0 0.0

Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 6 -4 -50.0 -11,507 -83.5 -52,025,193 -91.4 -53,877,241 -90.2 -1,852,046 -66.7

Mining of metal ores 7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Other mining and quarrying 8 -169 -6.9 214 1.2 -18,424 -0.9 -5,738 -0.2 12,686 1.0

Mining support service activities 9 -2 -6.5 91 6.2 -11,048 -5.2 -3,271 -0.8 7,776 3.6

Manufacture of food product 10 -601 -1.1 2,849 0.7 122,790 0.1 450,625 0.4 327,836 1.7

Manufacture of beverages 11 -135 -4.7 732 2.0 -2,067 0.0 52,989 0.3 55,056 1.5

Manufacture of tobacco product 12 0 0.0 8 1.6 336 0.5 0 0.0 -337 -0.7

Manufacture of textiles 13 -393 -2.5 -33 0.0 -158,353 -0.9 -53,742 -0.2 104,611 1.6

Manufacture of wearing apparel 14 -279 -0.8 2,945 1.3 1,277,476 5.4 1,960,592 6.2 683,115 8.4

Manufacture of leather and related products 15 -196 -1.3 1,830 1.3 86,577 0.4 200,115 0.7 113,536 1.8

Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and

cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of

16 -162 -0.5 490 0.3 -35,472 -0.3 10,760 0.1 46,232 1.0

Manufacture of paper and paper product 17 -162 -3.9 502 0.7 -17,975 -0.1 97,227 0.4 115,201 2.3

Printing and reproduction of recorded media 18 -250 -1.5 566 0.6 -20,667 -0.3 22,710 0.2 43,376 0.9

Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products 19 -33 -9.9 6,964 44.6 66,392,974 128.6 68,169,023 128.2 1,776,049 113.6

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 20 -297 -6.6 3,087 2.8 -650,633 -1.5 -328,668 -0.6 321,966 3.8

Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and

pharmaceutical preparation

21 -82 -17.0 3,597 5.7 1,457,199 7.6 1,925,795 7.2 468,596 6.3

Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 22 -457 -4.2 1,197 0.7 -250,016 -0.7 -121,453 -0.3 128,563 1.2

Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 23 -525 -2.4 1,887 0.9 -256,688 -1.0 -46,438 -0.1 210,251 2.0

Manufacture of basic metals 24 -192 -4.9 3,941 3.1 141,398 0.2 593,505 0.9 452,107 5.8

Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except

machinery and equipment

25 -1,106 -1.5 517 0.1 -558,275 -1.0 -379,467 -0.5 178,809 0.6

Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical

product

26 -264 -4.6 2,015 1.8 40,902 0.3 189,458 0.8 148,557 2.1

Manufacture of electrical equipment 27 -325 -3.6 244 0.1 -681,808 -2.1 -292,920 -0.7 388,889 4.2

Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. 28 -1,200 -4.9 5,492 1.2 -565,752 -0.7 204,618 0.2 770,370 2.7

Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-

trailers

29 -154 -6.4 1,265 0.7 -166,295 -0.3 46,012 0.1 212,307 2.6

Manufacture of other transport equipment 30 -126 -4.6 2,760 3.2 617,957 3.8 893,936 4.2 275,979 5.4

Manufacture of furniture 31 -269 -1.4 669 0.4 -40,767 -0.3 35,318 0.2 76,083 1.3

Other manufacturing 32 -163 -0.5 922 0.7 344,139 3.0 370,855 2.2 26,716 0.5

Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 33 -501 -1.3 -1,644 -1.0 -279,427 -2.5 -1,146,426 -5.9 -867,000 -10.3

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 35 -1,892 -29.0 29,934 35.1 26,005,642 15.2 30,735,551 16.0 4,729,909 21.8

Water collection, treatment and supply 36 -58 -6.8 574 1.9 -104,012 -2.9 -64,480 -0.9 39,532 1.1

Sewerage 37 -26 -1.9 -173 -1.7 -37,433 -4.1 -35,776 -2.3 1,657 0.3

Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities;

materials recovery

38 -441 -7.2 -2,888 -2.1 -362,617 -2.3 -773,511 -3.2 -410,894 -4.7

Remediation activities and other waste management

services

39 -20 -3.7 25 0.5 -5,677 -0.9 -3,440 -0.4 2,237 0.7

Construction of buildings 41 -5,404 -3.6 4,390 0.9 -88,518 -0.1 397,425 0.4 485,943 2.0

Civil engineering 42 -588 -7.4 2,139 2.1 -617,944 -2.8 -255,878 -0.9 362,065 7.2

Specialised construction activities 43 -2,317 -0.5 1,072 0.1 -167,782 -0.3 773,622 0.7 941,405 2.4


ITALY


continuation Table 6

Activity NACE

codes

Number of enterprises Number of employees Purchases of goods and servicesTurnover Production value Value added (factor cost)


Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor

vehicles and motorcycle

45 -1,355 -1.1 3,962 1.0 -639,868 -0.6 26,870 0.0 666,738 5.9

Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and

motorcycles

46 -7,320 -1.8 1,308 0.1 -53,393,472 -10.2 -54,806,022 -9.3 -1,412,549 -2.2

Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and

motorcycles

47 -3,757 -0.6 4,659 0.2 -2,402,941 -0.9 -1,133,159 -0.4 1,269,782 2.3

Land transport and transport via pipelines 49 -1,096 -1.0 -6,077 -1.1 -1,699,444 -4.0 -3,413,998 -5.1 -1,714,553 -7.1

Water transport 50 -93 -5.6 18,126 60.5 46,985 0.6 244,902 2.1 197,917 5.8

Air transport 51 -24 -10.3 -36 -0.1 -52,415 -0.9 -69,176 -0.8 -16,759 -0.5

Warehousing and support activities for

transportation

52 -1,245 -5.4 1,398 0.4 -1,140,933 -3.6 -1,336,695 -2.7 -195,763 -1.1

Postal and courier activities 53 -31 -1.4 1,074 0.7 683,248 18.8 949,040 7.9 265,792 3.2

Accommodation 55 -1,032 -2.3 -13 0.0 -106,494 -1.2 159,955 0.8 266,449 2.3

Food and beverage service activities 56 -1,352 -0.5 -550 -0.1 -66,725 -0.2 -39,100 -0.1 27,625 0.1

Publishing activities 58 -378 -6.1 1,469 3.7 -210,799 -2.9 -113,568 -1.0 97,232 2.6

Motion picture, video and television programme

production, sound recording and music publishing

59 -242 -3.3 407 1.3 39,573 1.5 56,628 1.2 17,055 0.8

Programming and broadcasting activities 60 -126 -8.8 1,641 5.6 123,076 2.8 215,424 2.1 92,349 1.6

Telecommunications 61 -135 -3.2 8,767 9.1 480,012 2.2 1,017,314 2.2 537,302 2.2

Computer programming, consultancy and related

activities

62 -1,913 -4.2 -15,078 -6.5 -1,735,125 -10.7 -3,108,445 -9.6 -1,373,320 -8.6

Information service activities 63 -698 -2.1 -3,669 -3.1 -516,788 -6.5 -739,081 -5.4 -222,292 -3.8

Real estate activities 68 -25,753 -11.2 -17,380 -6.1 -5,167,458 -25.7 -10,267,101 -24.2 -5,099,643 -22.9

Legal and accounting activities 69 -836 -0.3 -2,352 -0.5 -55,035 -0.7 -133,328 -0.4 -78,293 -0.3

Activities of head offices; management consultancy

activities

70 -4,336 -8.5 -30,375 -23.1 -5,330,456 -26.1 -7,279,463 -25.6 -1,949,007 -24.4

Architectural and engineering activities; technical

testing and analysis

71 -1,465 -0.7 -11,374 -3.8 -1,263,474 -10.7 -2,457,545 -10.1 -1,194,070 -9.6

Scientific research and development 72 -235 -2.6 -1,094 -4.7 -122,841 -8.9 -166,981 -7.4 -44,139 -5.0

Advertising and market research 73 -497 -2.5 829 1.5 -4,090 0.0 6,608 0.0 10,698 0.4

Other professional, scientific and technical activities 74 -1,205 -1.0 -1,167 -0.6 -88,137 -1.2 -110,842 -0.7 -22,705 -0.3

Veterinary activities 75 -13 -0.1 -2 0.0 -367 -0.2 -201 0.0 167 0.1

Rental and leasing activities 77 -851 -5.5 -1,289 -3.0 -449,379 -7.7 -1,334,512 -10.8 -885,132 -13.6

Employment activities 78 -64 -5.3 -16,277 -7.1 -145,672 -18.3 -179,098 -2.5 -33,426 -0.5

Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and

related activities

79 -265 -1.8 128 0.3 -79,094 -0.8 -67,892 -0.6 11,202 0.7

Security and investigation activities 80 -198 -6.8 656 0.9 18,156 1.8 57,938 1.6 39,784 1.5

Services to buildings and landscape activities 81 -300 -0.7 257 0.1 -33,050 -0.5 31,177 0.2 64,227 0.6

Office administrative, office support and other

business support activities

82 -1,724 -2.6 -4,514 -1.8 -230,139 -0.9 -177,307 -0.5 52,832 0.6

Education 85 -352 -1.3 -1,147 -1.3 -185,041 -8.1 -262,740 -6.0 -77,700 -3.7

Human health activities 86 -1,063 -0.4 1,122 0.2 -99,169 -0.9 61,465 0.2 160,634 0.7

Residential care activities 87 -128 -2.9 -354 -0.3 -16,400 -0.7 -6,712 -0.1 9,690 0.3

Social work activities without accommodation 88 -21 -0.3 468 0.3 5,915 0.4 13,347 0.3 7,432 0.2

Creative, arts and entertainment activities 90 -115 -0.4 36 0.1 3,161 0.3 14,313 0.6 11,152 0.8

Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural

activities

91 -19 -1.8 -9 -0.1 -4,271 -2.0 -1,194 -0.2 3,077 1.1

Gambling and betting activities 92 -205 -3.3 870 2.7 18,158 0.2 164,062 1.3 145,904 3.1

Sports activities and amusement and recreation

activities

93 -468 -1.7 -334 -0.4 -146,636 -3.8 -136,892 -2.1 9,745 0.4

Repair of computers and personal and household

goods

95 -60 -0.2 -150 -0.3 -44,452 -3.1 -45,878 -1.8 -1,427 -0.1

Other personal service activities 96 -614 -0.4 -605 -0.2 -21,367 -0.4 -42,508 -0.3 -21,142 -0.3


FRANCE

Changes of the structure by NACE divisions (total =100) Table 7

Activity NACE

codes

Number of enterprisesNumber of employeesWages and salaries Turnover Production value Value added (factor cost)


Grand Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100.0 100.0

Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Mining of metal ores 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other mining and quarrying 8 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining support service activities 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Manufacture of food product 10 1.6 2.4 3.7 4.0 3.0 3.3 3.8 4.2 5.7 5.9 2.8 3.3

Manufacture of beverages 11 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.7

Manufacture of tobacco product 12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Manufacture of textiles 13 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacture of wearing apparel 14 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacture of leather and related products 15 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except

furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting material

16 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3

Manufacture of paper and paper product 17 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.5

Printing and reproduction of recorded media 18 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products 19 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.9 2.0 3.1 3.2 1.0 1.1

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 20 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.3 3.1 3.4 1.6 1.8

Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and

pharmaceutical preparation

21 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.3

Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 22 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.3

Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 23 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9

Manufacture of basic metals 24 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.6

Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and

equipment

25 2.2 4.8 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.7 2.4 2.5 1.8 2.0

Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical product 26 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.0

Manufacture of electrical equipment 27 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.9

Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. 28 0.8 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.5

Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 29 0.3 0.6 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.8 3.4 2.9 3.2 1.4 1.9

Manufacture of other transport equipment 30 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.1 1.3

Manufacture of furniture 31 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Other manufacturing 32 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 33 1.0 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 35 1.2 0.2 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.9 3.4 4.9 5.1 2.4 2.6

Water collection, treatment and supply 36 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5

Sewerage 37 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; materials

recovery

38 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.7

Remediation activities and other waste management services 39 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Construction of buildings 41 3.1 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 2.4 2.4 1.1 1.2

Civil engineering 42 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.1

Specialised construction activities 43 4.6 9.2 8.3 8.4 7.3 7.5 4.6 5.3 7.7 8.2 6.5 6.7


FRANCE

Changes of the structure by NACE divisions (total =100) Table 7

continuation

Activity NACE

codes

Number of enterprisesNumber of employeesWages and salaries Turnover Production value Value added (factor cost)


Grand Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100.0 100.0

Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and

motorcycle

45 2.9 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.4 4.4 4.5 0.8 0.9 2.0 2.2

Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles 46 8.9 12.2 7.5 6.7 8.3 7.3 21.0 16.7 2.7 2.2 10.0 8.3

Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles 47 7.5 10.9 11.2 11.7 8.3 9.0 11.6 12.7 0.9 1.3 7.7 8.7

Land transport and transport via pipelines 49 1.9 2.6 5.1 5.2 4.5 4.7 2.2 2.5 3.7 3.9 3.7 4.0

Water transport 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1

Air transport 51 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.6

Warehousing and support activities for transportation 52 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.3

Postal and courier activities 53 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.9

Accommodation 55 1.9 2.6 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2

Food and beverage service activities 56 2.0 2.6 4.5 4.5 3.2 3.2 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.7

Publishing activities 58 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Motion picture, video and television programme production,

sound recording and music publishing activities

59 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Programming and broadcasting activities 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4

Telecommunications 61 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.0 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9

Computer programming, consultancy and related activities 62 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.2 2.9 2.9 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.4

Information service activities 63 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate activities 68 12.3 2.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.6 3.0 2.6 3.5 3.0

Legal and accounting activities 69 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.6 2.4 2.4

Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities 70 13.0 5.3 2.0 1.2 3.9 1.9 2.1 1.0 3.3 1.4 2.9 1.6

Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and

analysis

71 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.9 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.1

Scientific research and development 72 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Advertising and market research 73 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9

Other professional, scientific and technical activities 74 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Veterinary activities 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Rental and leasing activities 77 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.8

Employment activities 78 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 3.8 3.7 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.4 2.5 2.5

Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related

activities

79 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2

Security and investigation activities 80 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5

Services to buildings and landscape activities 81 0.7 1.1 2.6 2.6 1.6 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2

Office administrative, office support and other business support

activities

82 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2

Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 84 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Education 85 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Human health activities 86 0.7 0.8 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 1.8 2.0 3.1 3.2 4.7 4.8

Residential care activities 87 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Social work activities without accommodation 88 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Creative, arts and entertainment activities 90 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities 91 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Gambling and betting activities 92 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.3

Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities 93 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

Activities of membership organisations 94 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Repair of computers and personal and household goods 95 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Other personal service activities 96 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8


ITALY

Changes of the structure by NACE divisions (total=100 ) Table 8

Activity NACE

codes



Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 6 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.01 2.40 0.21 1.90 0.19 0.36 0.12

Mining of metal ores 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other mining and quarrying 8 0.06 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.17 0.17

Mining support service activities 9 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03

Manufacture of food product 10 1.27 1.28 2.44 2.45 3.73 3.79 3.43 3.49 2.50 2.54

Manufacture of beverages 11 0.07 0.06 0.22 0.23 0.53 0.54 0.52 0.53 0.48 0.49

Manufacture of tobacco product 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

Manufacture of textiles 13 0.36 0.36 0.89 0.89 0.71 0.71 0.74 0.75 0.83 0.85

Manufacture of wearing apparel 14 0.76 0.76 1.37 1.39 0.99 1.06 1.01 1.08 1.06 1.15

Manufacture of leather and related products 15 0.36 0.36 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.86 0.88 0.83 0.84

Manufacture of wood and of products of wood

and cork, except furniture; manufacture of

16 0.77 0.79 0.86 0.87 0.48 0.49 0.52 0.52 0.63 0.64

Manufacture of paper and paper product 17 0.09 0.09 0.46 0.46 0.72 0.73 0.71 0.72 0.65 0.66

Printing and reproduction of recorded media 18 0.38 0.38 0.58 0.58 0.31 0.32 0.39 0.40 0.63 0.63

Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum

products

19 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.14 2.18 5.05 1.70 3.91 0.20 0.44

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical

products

20 0.10 0.10 0.68 0.70 1.88 1.88 1.70 1.71 1.12 1.17

Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products

and pharmaceutical preparation

21 0.01 0.01 0.39 0.41 0.81 0.89 0.85 0.92 0.97 1.03

Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 22 0.25 0.24 1.12 1.12 1.42 1.43 1.41 1.42 1.38 1.40

Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral

products

23 0.51 0.51 1.26 1.27 1.04 1.04 1.11 1.13 1.35 1.38

Manufacture of basic metals 24 0.09 0.09 0.78 0.81 2.42 2.47 2.08 2.13 1.03 1.09

Manufacture of fabricated metal products,

except machinery and equipment

25 1.65 1.66 3.37 3.38 2.34 2.35 2.65 2.67 3.61 3.63

Manufacture of computer, electronic and

optical product

26 0.13 0.13 0.69 0.70 0.66 0.67 0.72 0.73 0.91 0.93

Manufacture of electrical equipment 27 0.21 0.21 1.03 1.03 1.35 1.34 1.31 1.32 1.20 1.25

Manufacture of machinery and equipment

n.e.c.

28 0.56 0.55 2.81 2.85 3.32 3.35 3.44 3.48 3.79 3.90

Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and

semi-trailers

29 0.05 0.05 1.04 1.05 2.06 2.09 1.83 1.85 1.09 1.12

Manufacture of other transport equipment 30 0.06 0.06 0.54 0.55 0.68 0.71 0.68 0.71 0.67 0.70

Manufacture of furniture 31 0.43 0.43 0.92 0.92 0.63 0.63 0.66 0.67 0.78 0.79

Other manufacturing 32 0.72 0.73 0.77 0.78 0.48 0.51 0.54 0.56 0.72 0.73

Repair and installation of machinery and

equipment

33 0.90 0.90 1.00 0.99 0.46 0.46 0.62 0.59 1.10 0.99

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning

supply

35 0.15 0.11 0.52 0.71 7.19 8.41 6.13 7.19 2.85 3.47

Water collection, treatment and supply 36 0.02 0.02 0.18 0.19 0.15 0.15 0.22 0.22 0.45 0.46

Sewerage 37 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08

Waste collection, treatment and disposal

activities; materials recovery

38 0.14 0.13 0.83 0.81 0.67 0.66 0.78 0.77 1.14 1.08

Remediation activities and other waste

management services

39 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04

Construction of buildings 41 3.45 3.39 2.99 3.01 3.02 3.06 3.07 3.11 3.21 3.27

Civil engineering 42 0.18 0.17 0.62 0.64 0.93 0.92 0.86 0.87 0.66 0.70

Specialised construction activities 43 9.88 10.01 6.57 6.58 2.72 2.75 3.31 3.37 5.13 5.26


ITALY

Changes of the structure by NACE divisions (total=100 ) Table 8

continuationActivity NACE

codes



Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor

vehicles and motorcycle

45 2.73 2.75 2.40 2.43 4.40 4.44 3.69 3.73 1.47 1.56

Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and

motorcycles

46 9.30 9.31 7.21 7.22 22.11 20.15 18.81 17.25 8.56 8.38

Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and

motorcycles

47 14.83 15.02 11.52 11.55 11.10 11.16 10.16 10.24 7.24 7.41

Land transport and transport via pipelines 49 2.45 2.47 3.34 3.30 1.78 1.74 2.12 2.04 3.18 2.95

Water transport 50 0.04 0.04 0.18 0.30 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.45 0.47

Air transport 51 0.01 0.00 0.16 0.16 0.24 0.24 0.29 0.29 0.42 0.42

Warehousing and support activities for

transportation

52 0.53 0.51 2.03 2.04 1.33 1.31 1.60 1.57 2.41 2.39

Postal and courier activities 53 0.05 0.05 1.00 1.00 0.15 0.18 0.38 0.42 1.10 1.13

Accommodation 55 1.05 1.04 1.63 1.63 0.37 0.37 0.64 0.65 1.49 1.53

Food and beverage service activities 56 5.92 6.00 6.24 6.24 1.13 1.15 1.57 1.58 2.90 2.91

Publishing activities 58 0.14 0.14 0.24 0.25 0.31 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.49 0.50

Motion picture, video and television programme

production, sound recording and music

59 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.28 0.29

Programming and broadcasting activities 60 0.03 0.03 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.33 0.34 0.77 0.79

Telecommunications 61 0.10 0.09 0.59 0.64 0.93 0.97 1.47 1.52 3.14 3.21

Computer programming, consultancy and related

activities

62 1.04 1.01 1.42 1.33 0.69 0.62 1.03 0.94 2.09 1.91

Information service activities 63 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.71 0.34 0.32 0.44 0.42 0.76 0.73

Real estate activities 68 5.29 4.79 1.74 1.63 0.85 0.64 1.35 1.04 2.92 2.26

Legal and accounting activities 69 6.21 6.30 2.92 2.91 0.32 0.32 1.03 1.04 3.24 3.23

Activities of head offices; management

consultancy activities

70 1.17 1.09 0.81 0.62 0.86 0.65 0.91 0.68 1.05 0.79

Architectural and engineering activities;

technical testing and analysis

71 4.89 4.94 1.85 1.78 0.50 0.45 0.78 0.71 1.64 1.48

Scientific research and development 72 0.21 0.21 0.14 0.14 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.12 0.11

Advertising and market research 73 0.46 0.46 0.35 0.35 0.55 0.55 0.49 0.50 0.34 0.34

Other professional, scientific and technical

activities

74 2.86 2.88 1.13 1.12 0.32 0.32 0.48 0.48 0.96 0.96

Veterinary activities 75 0.25 0.25 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04

Rental and leasing activities 77 0.36 0.34 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.40 0.36 0.85 0.74

Employment activities 78 0.03 0.03 1.41 1.31 0.03 0.03 0.22 0.22 0.82 0.82

Travel agency, tour operator reservation service

and related activities

79 0.35 0.35 0.29 0.29 0.44 0.45 0.39 0.39 0.22 0.22

Security and investigation activities 80 0.07 0.06 0.45 0.46 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.12 0.34 0.35

Services to buildings and landscape activities 81 1.03 1.04 2.99 2.99 0.27 0.27 0.52 0.53 1.31 1.32

Office administrative, office support and other

business support activities

82 1.53 1.52 1.51 1.49 1.05 1.05 1.09 1.09 1.21 1.22

Education 85 0.60 0.60 0.54 0.53 0.10 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.28 0.26

Human health activities 86 5.55 5.63 2.90 2.91 0.49 0.49 1.10 1.12 3.01 3.03

Residential care activities 87 0.10 0.10 0.78 0.78 0.10 0.10 0.19 0.19 0.46 0.46

Social work activities without accommodation 88 0.18 0.18 0.92 0.92 0.07 0.07 0.15 0.15 0.40 0.40

Creative, arts and entertainment activities 90 0.62 0.63 0.24 0.24 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.18

Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural

activities

91 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04

Gambling and betting activities 92 0.14 0.14 0.20 0.20 0.32 0.32 0.39 0.40 0.61 0.63

Sports activities and amusement and recreation

activities

93 0.65 0.65 0.52 0.52 0.16 0.16 0.21 0.21 0.35 0.35

Repair of computers and personal and household

goods

95 0.61 0.62 0.29 0.29 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.15 0.15

Other personal service activities 96 4.01 4.07 2.36 2.36 0.25 0.25 0.44 0.45 1.05 1.05


FRANCE Table 9Changes by size classes of enterprises (data by enterprises/data by legal units *100 - 100 )

Size class Number of

enterprise

Wages and

salaries

Turnover Value Added Employment Production

value

Total -4.2 0,0 -8,2 0,0 0,0 -4,7

0 - 9 -3,4 -9,9 -21,9 -13,3 -5,8 -18,9

10 - 19 -14,2 -15,8 -24,6 -17,0 -14,6 -21,8

20 - 49 -25,0 -25,9 -42,3 -31,0 -25,8 -33,9

50 - 249 -23,6 -24,5 -32,4 -24,4 -23,8 -33,0

250 and more -11,0 26,2 21,7 28,5 26,4 20,8

FRANCE

Changes of the structure by size classes of enterprises (total=100)

Table10

Size class Number of enterprise Wages and salaries Turnover Value Added Employment Production value


Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

0 - 9 94.90 95.69 22.30 20.09 22.09 18.81 26.44 22.93 21.74 20.48 21.29 18.12

10 - 19 2.62 2.35 8.32 7.00 6.60 5.42 6.90 5.72 8.99 7.68 6.10 5.00

20 - 49 1.64 1.29 11.76 8.71 11.96 7.51 10.48 7.23 12.94 9.59 10.35 7.17

50 - 249 0.69 0.55 16.82 12.71 17.72 13.06 15.28 11.55 17.85 13.60 16.30 11.46

250 and more 0.14 0.13 40.80 51.49 41.63 55.20 40.91 52.58 38.49 48.64 45.96 58.25


ITALYChanges by size classes of enterprises (data by enterprises/data by legal units *100 - 100 )

Table 11

Size class Number of

enterprise

Purchases of goods

and services

Turnover Value Added Employment

Total -1.8 -1.5 -1.1 0.0 0.0

0 - 9 -1.7 -8.3 -7.2 -4.9 -1.3

10 - 19 -4.0 -13.9 -11.8 -5.4 -3.9

20 - 49 -4.4 -11.2 -10.5 -7.8 -4.6

50 - 249 -4.3 -18.5 -15.4 -2.2 -4.3

250 and

more1.5 23.5 21.0 12.4 10.3

ITALY

Changes of the structure by size classes of enterprises (total=100 )

Table 12

Size class Number of enterprise Purchases of goods and services Turnover Value Added Employment

LU ENT LU ENT LU ENT LU ENT LU ENT

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

0 - 9 95.39 95.49 24.82 23.11 27.28 25.59 34.90 33.18 48.01 47.40

10 - 19 2.86 2.80 10.64 9.30 10.58 9.43 10.40 9.84 10.41 10.01

20 - 49 1.18 1.15 12.30 11.08 12.04 10.90 11.20 10.33 9.61 9.17

50 - 249 0.49 0.47 21.01 17.39 19.64 16.81 15.36 15.02 12.60 12.06

250 and

more0.08 0.08 31.22 39.13 30.47 37.28 28.13 31.63 19.37 21.36


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