Studies on Some Physicochemical Parameters of Soil Samples ...
Analysis of physicochemical parameters of drinking...
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Lake 2014 Analysis of physicochemical parameters of drinking, borewell and Cauvery water around Vagdevi Vilas School, Marathahalli, Bangalore Karmanya G B , C Siddharth Ashwin Grade IX, Vagdevi Vilas School, Bangalore
Transcript of Analysis of physicochemical parameters of drinking...
Lake 2014
Analysis of physicochemical parameters of drinking, borewell and Cauvery water around Vagdevi Vilas School, Marathahalli, Bangalore
Karmanya G B , C Siddharth Ashwin
Grade IX, Vagdevi Vilas School, Bangalore
Introduction
Ground water is the major source of drinking water in both urban and ruralareas.
An urban citizen requires over 100l of water everyday for the daily chores.
Bangalore (population over 9 million), gets its water supply from borewells(1.75lakh in number) and the rivers (Cauvery, Arkavathy, Hemavathy,Shimsha).
To support the needs of the population, the city requires over 900 millionlitres of water everyday!
Objective
The prime objective of this study is to analyse the various physical and chemicalparameters of the water (borewells and Cauvery) in our school and from thesurrounding areas.
We at school use this water for all our daily needs. This water is filtered (ROtechnology) and used for drinking.
Few of the nearby residents directly use this water without any purification oralteration.
Our study would indicate if this water is fit to be used for drinking and otherhousehold chores.
Materials and methods
Study areaThe sample sites are within 2Km from each other.
Sample
Sites
Co-ordinates
Cauvery Water 12o57’17.73”N;
77o42’34.29”E
VVSM Borewell 12o56’36.45”N;
77o42’36.62”E
VVSM Filter 12o56’37.10”N;
77o42’35.04”E
Munnelokalu
Borewell
12o57’17.73”N;
77o42’34.30”E
Water sample collection and analysis Water samples from 5 different sites were collected.
The pH, EC, TDS were tested onsite. Free CO2, DO,
Total Hardness, Chlorides, Ca and Mg Hardness, Na, K,
Phosphates, Nitrates, COD and BOD were analysed using standard methods.
pH Alkalinity BIS (drinking water), 6.5 < pH < 8.5
If pH < 6.5, corrosion of pipes occur,thus releasing toxic metals.
Higher pH values induce scaleformation in water heating apparatusand also reduce the germicidalpotential of Chlorine.
BIS (drinking water) limit is 200mg/l.
In healthy natural waters, alkalinity ismore common than acidity.
High alkalinity imparts an unpleasanttaste.
7.25 7.29
6.05
7.14 7.02
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
pH
48
144
52
708
360
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
Alkalinity (mg/l)
Electrical Conductivity Total Dissolved Solids Denotes the ability of water to carry
current.
Depends on the presence of ions andtheir total concentration.
Proportional to the amount of saltsdissolved.
BIS (drinking water), limit is 500mg/l.
Waters with high dissolved solidsgenerally affect on taste and is notconsidered desirable and could causeexcessive scaling in appliances.
134
1136
100
1401
1089
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
EC (µS/cm)
40
803
42
1068
736
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l)
Chlorides Total Hardness
BIS (drinking water) limit is 250mg/l.
High content imparts a salty taste,could cause high blood pressure.
High content indicates large amountof organic matter.
Good indicator of contamination.
BIS (drinking water) limit is 200mg/l.
Higher concentration could causekidney problems.
Hard water renders the waterunsuitable for bathing, washing andalso forms scales in boilers.
19.85
208.44
20.84
268
212
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM FilterWaste
MunnekolaluBorewell
Chlorides (mg/L)
48
510
12
754
554
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM FilterWaste
MunnekolaluBorewell
Total Hardness (mg/l)
Calcium Hardness Magnesium Hardness BIS (drinking water) limit is 75 mg/l.
Contributes to the Total Hardness.
Small concentrations prevent corrosion ofmetal pipes by laying a protective coating.
Increased concentration on heating formsscales in appliances.
BIS (drinking water) limit is 30mg/l.
It is an important element contributing tothe hardness of water.
High concentrations reduce the utility ofwater for domestic use and impart anunpleasant taste to water and is unfit fordrinking.
42
346
6
490
400
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
Calcium Hardness (mg/l)
1.45
39.85
1.45
64.15
37.42
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
Magnesium Hardness (mg/l)
Sodium Potassium Sodium is one of the most abundant
element and is a common constituentof natural water.
Concentration ranges from very low insurface waters, relatively high in deepground waters and highest in marinewaters.
Potassium behaves similar to sodium and is found in small quantities
It plays a vital role in the metabolism of fresh water.
8.4
449.2
30.8
111.2
152.4
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
Sodium (mg/l)
1.6
8.8
0.4
11.2
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
Potassium (mg/l)
Phosphates Nitrates
BIS (drinking water) limit for dissolvedphosphates is 5mg/l.
The source are from fertilizers,detergents, weathering of rocks anddecomposition of organic matter.
BIS (drinking water) limit is 45mg/l.
Higher concentration (>1mg/l) in groundwater indicates agriculturalcontamination from fertilizers.
Higher concentration above 45mg/l couldcause Blue baby disease in infants.
0.027
0.019
0.028
0.036
0.032
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM FilterWaste
MunnekolaluBorewell
Phosphates (mg/l)
0.250.184 0.165
0.41
1.758
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM FilterWaste
MunnekolaluBorewell
Nitrate (mg/l)
COD BOD
BIS (drinking water) limit is250mg/l.
Water with high values indicatethat there is inadequate oxygenavailable in the sample.
This test indicates the pollutionload of water.
10
18
6
10
18
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
COD (mg/l)
6.1
14.23
2.03
8.13
12.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste MunnekolaluBorewell
BOD (mg/l)
DO The analysis of DO is a key test in
water pollution.
Low concentration of DO usuallyindicates the decaying of organicmatter in water.
8.53
7.26.96
5.68
6.56
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Cauvery Water VVSM Borewell VVSM Filter Pure VVSM Filter Waste Munnekolalu Borewell
DO (mg/l)
Inference
The pH levels of the drinking water at Vagdevi Vilas School to bemeasured again. If low pH persisted, the filter (RO) to bechecked.
The borewells’ water if used directly is unfit for drinking andhouse hold chores. This water could be treated and used. Thiscould cause damage to electrical appliances.
The Cauvery water could be used directly for drinking and otherhousehold chores.
All the above inferred without the testing of any biologicalparameters.
Acknowledgement
• The organisers of Lake 2014.
• Department of CES, IISc, Bangalore.
• Management and R&D department, Vagdevi Vilas School, Bangalore.
• Our mentor Mrs. Rohini Ghatpande
• Our parents.
Thank You!
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