Analysis of News Channels in Pakistan2

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Analysis Of News Channels In Pakistan

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Table of Contents

S.No Title Page No.1 Executive summary iii2 Research Process iv3 Observation 14 Preliminary Data Gathering.

Background Information Literature Survey Structured Interviews Unstructured Interviews

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5 Problem Definition: 206 Theoretical framework:

Dependent variable Independent variable Moderating variable Intervening variable Relationship among variable

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7 Hypothesis Development 268 Research Design

Purpose of the study Types Of Investigation Extent of researcher interference Study setting Unit of analysis Time horizon

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9 Data collection, Analysis and Interpretation 29

10 Deduction 4811 Conclusion 5012 Recommendation 5113 Bibliography 52


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Work Distribution

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Executive Summary:This report includes the research process diagram, observation, problem statement,preliminary data gathered to have a clear knowledge of the following research, bothstructured and unstructured interviews which helped us along with thequestionnaires, theoretical framework in which all the possible variables are definedalong with this hypothesis is also generated in the form of statements, scientificresearch design which includes information about sampling and data collectionprocedures.

In order to evaluate results effectively and to achieve appropriate outcomes wegathered information through structured questionnaires. For this, we selected asample size of 120 people, of which many were the students of the Bahria UniversityKarachi Campus. We also did a survey outside in the corporate world in order to baseour research on people from different age groups and different backgrounds.

After this, we have analyzed each and every question that we asked in ourquestionnaire on the basis of the results that were generated from the respondents.We displayed the results of every option that was selected of every particular

question on the basis of the popularity it achieved. Then the interpretation of theresults of each question follows the bar graph charts that we made using MicrosoftExcel.

In the later part of the report, we have done the deductions which include thehypothesis testing of the null and alternate hypothesis. After the calculation of thiswe came to the conclusion that we would select the null hypothesis which states thatthe preference of Geo is higher than other news channels.

After this we came up with the recommendations which were derived from theanalysis that we did from the response of the people. And then we have thebibliography, telling clearly the sources of information that helped us to completethis report.

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OBSERVATION

reased Competition hasmade news channels a

brand in Pakistan

PRILIMINARYATA GATHERING

ckground Information

erature Survey

PROBLEM

DEFINITION

To discover the bestnews channel on the

preference of respondents based ondifferent attributes.

THEORETICALFRAMEWORK.

Information Quality

Integrity LevelEfficiencyRelevance of News

News casters News Reporter CoverageInnovationGovernment RegulationCurrent affairsMarketing Strategies.

SCIENTIFICRESEARCH

DESIGN

GENERATION OFHYPOTHESIS

Ho : The preference of Geo is higher thanother news channels.

H1: The preference of

Geo is not higher thanother news channels.

DATACOLLECTION

ANALYSIS ANINTERPRATATIO

DEDUCTION

The acceptance ohypothesis confir

GEO to be hig preferred new

channel in Pakis

Yes

ReportWriting

ReportPresentation

ManagerialDecisionMakingThe Research Process:


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Observation:

Since the past two years, it is being observed that the news channels in Pakistan havetaken a totally different look. If we go a few years back, there was not even a singlenews channel of Pakistan itself to serve the nation, and the only source of news ontelevision at that time was the 9o clock PTV News. Though we did have access to thesatellite news channels, but we had none of our own. But if we look at the number ofnews channels today, we have more than 18 news channels of our own.

As these news channels came into being, people started to get aware of the situationof the country more deeply. The news channels of Pakistan have started to highlightsimply everything that is happening in the country. Many people have the opinion thatthey highlight the negative points of the Government much more than the positiveside and the good measures that they take for our country. Many say that many ofthe events that take place in Pakistan also take place worldwide even in the developedcountries but their news channels dont make a huge issue of that like news channelsin our country do.

It is felt that these news channels are acting as anti government agencies at somepoint in times. With the increased number of news channels in Pakistan, competitionhas also increased among them that as to who reports the news first and withaccuracy. Now people have developed a kind of brand loyalty to these channels andthey dont feel comfortable watching any other channel. With the increasedcompetition in the race of gathering more and more viewers, different channels havecome up with different strategies. Some are working on their graphical appearances,some on the outlook of their news casters, and some on their coverage. Like AajNews, they bring news five minutes before than every other news channel.

It is noted that Geo News seems to have captured the greatest number of viewers inthe country. As it is also the pioneer of the news channels in Pakistan, it hasattracted much more viewers. Many people are of the opinion that the channel bringsbreaking news to them at remarkable speed and it has also got a very large coverageboth globally and locally.

The main aim of conducting this research is to analyze five news channels of Pakistanwhich are Ary Oneworld, Geo News, Aaj News, Ptv News and Dawn News. We want toonclude that which is the best news among these five news channels.

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Preliminary Data Gathering:

Background Information:

GEO Television Network:

Geo TV or GEO Television is an Urdu Pakistani television network that wasestablished in May 2002. Its transmission went on air on August 14, 2002 at 10:00AM, whereas regular transmission began from October 1, 2002. [1]. Mir Khalil urRehman was the founder of the Jang Group of newspapers and his younger son MirShakil ur Rehman is the present owner. Imran Aslam is the President of GEO.

Its programming includes interactive infotainment programs, children's programs,top-of-the-hour news broadcasts daily, and current event programs. According to aGallup poll carried out in September 2007, Geo TV was watched by 35 per cent ofPakistans viewers, ahead of the government station PTV and far ahead of ARY,making it Pakistan's most watched TV News Channel.

Popular programsGEO News shows include Aaj Kamran Khan Kay Sath hosted by Kamran Khan, CapitalTalk which is anchored by Hamid Mir, Jawab Deh hosted by Iftikhar Ahmed, andMeray Mutabiq by Dr. Shahid Masood and Hum Sab Umeed Sai Hain is most popularcomedy programe. Geo took advantage of the large pool of journalists working in printmedia in Pakistan at the time of its formation. When branching out from mainstreamprint media to electronic media, Geo was able to select from an experienced group ofcorrespondents all over the country.

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ARY One World:

ARY One World is a Dubai-based Pakistani news channel launched in 26 September2004 . A bilingual news channel in English and Urdu, it is a subsidiary of the largerARY Digital Network. It has a large audience and one main competitor in Geo News. Current affair programs with prominent Pakistani journalists are the strength of ARYOne World. Its program mix covers all the genres of news & infotainment , and mostof its programs are presented by top international anchors such as P.J. Mir programQ & A, Javed Malik program INSIGHT WITH JAVED MALIK , Ayaz Amir programCOUNTER POINT and Faeza Dawood program FOCUS WITH FAEZA. And others likeKashif Abaasi program OFF THE RECORDand Asima Shirazi program PARLIAMENT GALARY, an Islamabad based correspondents and host of a current affairs program.

ARY One World is one of the first dedicated international news channels in Pakistan.It has exclusive correspondents in almost all major capitals around the globe, anetwork of over 500 reporters and correspondents in Pakistan, and majorinternational networks as exclusive partners for the exchange of news, informationand other technical facilities. The channel also maintains a rich archive library withexclusive footage.

International availability:

ARY One World is available in the United States via Dish Network, on channel 651. [1]

As of February 2008, ARY One World is expected to replace The Musik (EPG 806) onSky Digital in the UK. [2].

Online streaming:

After the emergency in Pakistan many private TV channels have been shutdown byPEMRA including ARY One World but is is streaming online. The ban has now beenremoved.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARY_Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Current_affair_program&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infotainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pervez_Javed_Mir&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_%26_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javed_Malikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=INSIGHT_WITH_JAVED_MALIK&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaz_Amirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COUNTER_POINT&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeza_Dawoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FOCUS_WITH_FAEZA&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashif_Abaasi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OFF_THE_RECORD&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asima_Shirazi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PARLIAMENT_GALARY&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PARLIAMENT_GALARY&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARY_One_World#_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARY_One_World#_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARY_Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Current_affair_program&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infotainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pervez_Javed_Mir&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_%26_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javed_Malikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=INSIGHT_WITH_JAVED_MALIK&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaz_Amirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COUNTER_POINT&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeza_Dawoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FOCUS_WITH_FAEZA&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashif_Abaasi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OFF_THE_RECORD&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asima_Shirazi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PARLIAMENT_GALARY&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PARLIAMENT_GALARY&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARY_One_World#_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARY_One_World#_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai


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Dawn Group of News Paper:

The Dawn Group of Newspapers is Pakistan's second largest newspaper group. It ispublished by Pakistan Herald Publications Limited (PHPL).

The group has an array of publications, as it tries to cater to the needs of both thefinancial and consumer bases. Although it has faced tough competition from the JangGroup since its creation, it has still managed to remain popular. The group is headedby the Pakistani media mogul Hameed Haroon, its current CEO.

Dawn News:Dawn News is Pakistan's first 24-hour English news channel. Based in Karachi, thestation is a subsidiary of Pakistan Herald Publications Limited (PHPL), Pakistan'slargest English-language media group. The test transmission of the station occurredin May 2007, and the channel went live on July 23, 2007.

Dawn News' Test Transmission was launched by President Pervez Musharraf . Thecomplete launch of the channel coincided with the result of the Supreme Court case

which cleared the Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, who had beensuspended by General Musharraf. The channel was initially housed in Haroon House,the head-office of PHPL, but later moved to its current premises in West Wharf,Karachi.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervez_Musharrafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervez_Musharrafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf


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AAJ TV:

AAJ TV was initially started in 2005 by the Business Recorder Group. The BusinessRecorder Group is one of the most prominent media conglomerates in Pakistan.

As Aaj TV is the only Television network to have an Earth Station, it providesflexibility and control in responding to local and international events. AAJ TV catersto all tastes by providing four programming features in the form of News, CurrentAffairs, Entertainment and Infotainment.With a vast amount of experience with the Business Recorder Group, AAJ TVprovides round the clock news coverage from around the world in collaboration with

their partner news sources in more than 100 countries.

Combining news reporting with analytical strengths provided by the respected socialand political commentators in Pakistan, accounts for in depth and precise CurrentAffairs programs.

The Current Affair which are boosting Aaj Television toward its bright future areLive With Talat ( 2205 to 2300 Every Monday to Friday) Bolta Pakistan ( 2305 to2355 Every Monday to Friday) One of the major achievements in entertainment

programming is its one of its kind "The late night show with Begum Nawazish Aliairedon Saturday every week. The show is based on the idea of a male host in disguise ofrich feminist portraying page-3 elite of the country. The host takes interviews ofsome very prominent figures from within country talking broadly about the socio-economic issues of the nation.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Nawazish_Alihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Nawazish_Ali


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PTV N ews:

Pakistan entered into Television Broadcasting age with a small pilot TV Stationestablished at Lahore from where transmission was first beamed in Black & Whitewith effect from 26 November 1964. Television centres were established in Karachiand Rawalpindi/Islamabad in 1967 and in Peshawar and Quetta in 1974.

While introducing the sophisticated branch of the electronic media in the country,the broad perspective kept in mind was to inform and educate the people throughwholesome entertainment and to inculcate in them a greater awareness of their ownhistory, heritage, current problems and development as well as knowledge of theworld at large.

There is a regular channel of promotion for almost every post with the exception of avery few. PTV, the national broadcasting corporation had been in dire straits andcontinuously declining for many years. When the current management took over thereins, the organization was at the verge of bankruptcy. Losses had been incurred,income from all spheres was restricted, viewer ship had reduced and the overallmorale of the institution was in shambles.

The energy, innovation and vitality exhibited by the new leaders has, within a shortspan of one year, transformed PTV into a profitable organization with a leap of Rs287 million from Rs 1431 million to Rs 1718 in advertising income; from Rs 148 millionnet operating loss to Rs 38 million net operating profit.

PTV has a lot to be proud of. Its lists of accomplishment are ever increasing andevery achievement is a milestone in itself, like:

* Salaat-o-Tarawih direct from Makkah during Ramadan* Launching of PTVs Web site on Internet* Special live interviews from Dubai, Saudi Arabia & New York* Taji Mori at 12,500ft, one of the world's highest transmitters.

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Literature Survey :

Article #1Article Name: Media in Pakistan.Author: Masood RehmanPublication Date: 6 th December 2007Source: www.dawn.com

President Pervez Musharraf's rule ushered in increased freedom for the print mediaand a liberalisation of broadcasting policies.However, media rules were tightened in2007 in the midst of an opposition campaign against the president. The legislation

gave the broadcasting regulator more power to shut down TV stations. Months later,under emergency rule, of private TV stations broadcastsvia cable were disrupted. The expansion of private radioand television stations brought to an end more than fivedecades of the state's virtual monopoly of broadcasting.

Television is the dominant medium, and licences for morethan 40 private satellite TV stations have been awarded,bringing increasing competition for the state-run

Pakistan Television Corporation. But there are no private,terrestrial TV stations.

Many Pakistanis watch international satellite TV channels, via a dish or an often-unlicensed cable TV operator.

Indian channels such as Zee TV and STAR TV are popular with those who can receivethem. restrictive than in India.

Around 100 licences have been issued for private FM radio stations, although not all

of them have been taken up. Pakistan's media regulator has estimated that thecountry can support more than 800 private radio stations. Private stations are notThe channels circumvent censorship in Pakistan that is far more allowed to broadcastnews.

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There are regular reports of private FM stations operating illegally, particularly inthe tribal areas of North-West Frontier Province. Some of the stations have beenaccused of fanning sectarian divisions.

Pakistan and India regularly engage in a war of words via their respective media,occasionally banning broadcasts from the other country.

The government uses a range of legal and constitutional powers to curb pressfreedom... Pakistan's print media are among the most outspoken in South Asia as wellas the TV media can now play very important role in media war .

Write-up: Article#1

President Pervez Musharraf's increase freedom for the print media and broadcastingpolicies. However, media rules were tightened in 2007 in the midst of an resistancemovement against the president. The legislation gave the broadcasting regulator morepower to shut down TV stations. Months later, under emergency rule, of private TVstations broadcasts via cable were disrupted. The expansion of television channelsbrought to an end more than five decades of the state's virtual monopoly ofbroadcasting.

Television is the leading medium, and licenses for more than 40 private satellite TV

stations have been awarded, bringing increasing competition for the state-runPakistan Television Corporation. And broad cast the true story of what is happening inPakistan and world and bring people closer to reality many Pakistani watchinternational TV channel in order to get true information about reality

Around 100 licences have been issued for private FM radio stations, although not allof them have been taken up. Pakistan's media regulator has estimated that thecountry can support more than 800 private radio stations. There are regular reportsof private FM stations operating illegally, particularly in the tribal areas of North-

West Frontier Province. Some of the stations have been accused of fanning sectariandivisions.

Pakistan and India frequently engage in a war of words via their respective media,occasionally banning broadcasts from the other country. So the private news channelscan play avery important role in winning media war against India and clear the imageof Pakistan in front of world

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Article # 2Article Name: Opinions about Geo and AAJAuthor: Anonymous.

Publication Date: ------Source: www.pkpolitics.comThis article pertains to the individuals opinion about AAJ and GEO.

1. Geo is all about self promotion and self projection all the time.

2. Although Geo has a separate news channel compared to Aaj, who has a samechannel for entertainment and information but still Aaj is more serious and focused innews and current affairs then Geo.

3. Geo sometimes runs the news without properly confirming it and all this just to befirst on the race to break the news. A good example of this is that one day theyreported that in Karachi there is a bomb blast at a petrol pump in defence housingauthority but later it was confirmed that it wasnt a blast, but only a gas cylinder atCNG station was burst.

4. As Jang group has a policy of covering the personality of who ever is on the topthat is going with Geo also. They are all praising too many things for no reason.Kamran Khans show was banned.

5. Aaj has great mix of experts on political analysis both senior and junior journalist,like Talat Hussain,Mushatq Minhas ,Nusrat Javed and Tariq Chudhri.

6. Aaj is more active in news breaking and video of the same.I have noticed, many channels showing the footage, taken from Aaj TV, as there is alogo of Aaj in different channels footages. Some has that much of courtesy to writeon it Courtesy by Aaj but still some dont.

7. Aaj is more serious and responsible in news reporting. Yes they do want to win therace of news breaking, but after proper confirmation from relevant sources.

8. In current affairs show, Aaj again is more mature and sensible in terms ofselection of words and expression of displeasure than Geo.

9. Geo is flashier but Aaj is decent.

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Article # 3Article Name: To Whom It May Concern, Geo TV.Author: Farhan Wilayat

Publication Date: 12 th September 2007.Source: www.dawn.com

Please clear your mind and think.

I think you are not aware of GEO...its been funded by USA govt......just think, what jew / indian/ American lobby want the basic, idea is to promote frustration, anddespondence in a nation so they start to demoralized .and the future can be mappedas they want to project in the minds of 50 percent Illiterate population....that are

born Muslim,,, cant read..But can see why on earth USA is concern with only GEO,why cnn bbc and bush quote GEO? Why not other tv channels in China? Japan, CUBA,Indian channel, Arab, France..... ?why only Pakistan??????Why geo showed..Peoples body without head, only fingers parts, people dying afterbomb blast,? Does any other channel show these things????

Just think(in India more then 2000 Muslims were killed in Gujarat for three months!!!! any 36hours live coverage of these killing have any one seen on ZEE or star or Sony, etc any

Indian channels???? Babri masjid was destroyed by hindu any live coverage???? Nunsin tamil nado of India were burn alive in church and for next 6 hours the church wasburning did any Indian or cnn or bbc showed that?????In france 700 cars were burnin one day).

There are 89 separatist movements in India in 2007 from bihar to Kashmir assametc. Do you see on any Indian channel showing ...250 million people sleeping onfootpath????? Zee India never showed killing of Kashmiris and the attack onGOLDEN TEMPLE, killing of Sikhs in Indian soil.

How many Israeli channel shows killing by Israeli soldiers???? When they killPalestinians????? Have you ever seen Indian president or politician been given GALEEon tv channel during live coverage???? Any killing by Irish republican army, 30,000rape cases in USA do you see on tv???? But you see muktaran maee on geo/cnn/bbc.Why geo was not concerned with Benazir wealth and property?? And Nawaz sharifproperty??WHO is GEO???? Just think???? They telecast false news about emergency and

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stock market crashed in Pakistan

Do you know Kamran khan was getting RS 25 lakh per month, Do you know DR Shahid

Masood, was a member of NSF student party (a political left wing student partyagainst Pakistan and Islamic forces. He use to sit around girls all day long) with RS22 lakh per month and home in Dubai and Karachi ,multiple visa same amount beenpaid to Hamid Meer editor ausafeven Nadia khan with Rs 6 lakh per month. Suchhuge amount just too for free???????

When they were not able to broadcast the 8 hour cricket match they said they lost 1billion rupee ,and just imagine without any money just for free they werebroadcasting judge activity in peoples party car for free, Nawaz sharif for free and

benazir for freeall... 36 hour coverage just for free ?????????????????By aprivate channel !!!!!!!!!!!!! 50 percent Indian dramas on geo and 25 percent with mix cast (Indian and Pakistani)and Indian films (which are ban in Pakistani cinema are been broadcasted by geo)movie like "khuda key liyaeh" an issue of so that people can play with Islam and itsculture ..Were telecasted.....alim online where mr amir liaqat sitting in grave anddramatizing Islam..He translated the dua of imam kaba and .broadcasted by his nameon TV....Audience 50% jahil people in pakistan

geo did not showed any good news like islamabad peshwar motorway but instead itshowed dead people in karachi ....they never discuss 5.1 billion dollar of oil refinery inpakistan instead they showed beheading of Pakistani people... never discuss whyAmerica is telling musharf to take his uniform????/why usa is interfering in ourbusiness..!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

A COUNTRY WHERE 60 percent of population cannot read and never been to schoolmedia must not be free.

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Write-up: Article#3

GEO is working for USA govt it is just fulfilling want the Jew / Indian/ Americanlobby want to promote frustration, and despondence in a nation so they start todownhearted .and the future can be mapped as they plan in the minds of 50 percentIlliterate population that are born Muslim but illiterate.

These are one reason why USA is concern with only GEO, why CNN BBC and bushquote GEO? Why not other TV channels .Geo showed peoples body without head, onlyfingers parts, people dying after bomb blast. And all those things that are not shownby other TV channels. In India more then 2000 Muslims were killed in Gujarat for

three months but any of Indian channel did not brought cast any of these killingBabri Masjid was destroyed by Hindu no coverage at all. Similarly in Tamil Nado ofIndia were burn alive in church and for next 6 hours the church was burning did anyand similarly many other issue not only in India also in many other country that thatare never brought cast on any TV channels What was the reason they did not strongcoverage material as GEO had no they not want to spoil the country image.

Kamran khan is getting RS 25 lakh per month, DR Shahid Masood, was a member ofNSF student party ( a political left wing student party against Pakistan and Islamicforces. He use to sit around girls all day long) with RS 22 lakh per month and home indubai and Karachi same amount been paid to Hamid Meer editor Ausaf even Nadiakhan with Rs 6 lakh per month. Such huge amount just to for free when they were notable to broadcast the 8 hour cricket match they said they lost 1 billion rupee ,and

just imagine without any money just for free they were broadcasting judge activity inpeoples party car for free, 50 percent Indian dramas on geo and 25 percent with mixcast (Indian and Pakistani) and Indian films (which are ban in Pakistani cinema arebeen broadcasted by geo) movie like "khuda key liyaeh" an issue of so that people canplay with Islam and its culture were telecasted Alim online where Mr Amir liaquatsitting in grave and dramatizing Islam ..he translated the dua of imam kaba and.broadcasted by his name on TV Audience 50% jahil people in Pakistan geo did notshowed any good news like Islamabad Peshawar motorway but instead it showed deadpeople in Karachi. They never discuss 5.1 billion dollar of oil refinery in Pakistaninstead they showed beheading of Pakistani people never discuss why America istelling Musharraf to take his uniform why USA is interfering in our business.

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Structured Interviews :

Interview # 1:

Name: Usman Maqsood Age: 19 Area: Gulshan-e-Iqbal Designation: Student

Q.1 What are the news channels that you watch?

Ans: Geo, Express, Dawn, Aaj

Q.2 What are the qualities of an effective news channel?

Ans: Efficiency, Information, Diversification, 24 Hours Updates and Coverage

Q.3 What do you think is the effective news channel in Pakistan? Consider it from thefollowing list1. ARYoneworld 2.GeoNews 3.Dawn News 4.Ptv News 5. AJJ news

Ans: Geo News

Q.4 Refer to the previous question? Justify your selection with reason(s)?

Ans: I selected Geo because the way they communicate the news is very unique, they are veryclear and use simple language to persuade the viewers, they are well diversified over the entireWorld and they have a large team of reporters who are well informed. They have unique talkshows in comparison with other channels.

Q.5 Who do you think is/are the core competitor(s) of favorite news channels?

Ans: Dawn, AJJ, Express

Q.6 What is the competitive edge of your favorite news channel that places it on the top rank?

Ans: The competitive edge of the geo news is that it has divided its information into varioussegments and developed the programme according to the nature of every segment. Hence it hasspecialization in every segment of information covering each age group. They exhibit truereality.

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Q.7 Some news channels display a true essence of reality, but it also contains some violenceand disrespect of their target. According to your favourite channel reality is more importantor respect? What about its competitors?

Ans: Geo opt for the reality for which they gain public support. Geo is an experienced and wellknown channel while competitors do care about the respect because they are under pressurefrom regulatory authorities.

Q.8 Define any weakness of your favourite news channel which is the strength of the otherchannel(s)?

Ans: The main weakness of Geo is the high frequency of the Ads and it telecast its news at

every 60th

minute while AJJ delivers news at every 55th

with less frequency of Ads. So, Iwatch AJJ headlines first then switch to Geo after five minutes

Q.9 What is your opinion about the news caster and news reporter of the channel of yourchoice and competitors on the basis of the following factors?1. Style 2.Communication Skills 3.Risk Taking (Reporter)

Ans: They way Geo deliver news exhibit that they are very confident, their style is very decentand dress up according to the occasions. They are very clear in their communication. Their

reporters try to reach at risky places. The competitors are more opted towards the fashionrather than their news especially in dawn. Express news casters are some times less confidentand vague. Well, in risk taking all news channels are on the same level.

Q.10 Give any suggestion(s) to improve the weakness (es) of your favourite news channel?

Ans: Well the suggestion for Geo is to make Ad time as shorter as possible, otherwiseswitching to other channel will be frequent.

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Interview # 2:

Name: Muhammad Sumair Age: 19 Area: Gulshan-e-Iqbal Designation: Student

Q.1 What are the news channels that you watch?

Ans: AJJ & Dawn News

Q.2 What are the qualities of an effective news channel?

Ans: Up-to-date news, credibility, reporting right thing at the right time.

Q.3 What do you think is the effective news channel in Pakistan. Consider it from the followinglist1. ARYoneworld 2.GeoNews 3.Dawn News 4.Ptv News 5. AJJ news

Ans: DAWN News

Q.4 Refer to the previous question? Justify your selection with reason(s)?

Ans: News casters & reporters do their job well, video footage of most news.

Q.5 Who do you think is/are the core competitor(s) of favorite news channels?

Ans: Not at this time

Q.6 What is the competitive edge of your favorite news channel that places it on the top rank?

Ans: Sole English news channel.

Q.7 Some news channels display a true essence of reality, but it also contains some violenceand disrespect of their target. According to your favorite channel reality is more important orrespect? What about its competitors?

Ans: Respect is more important. For other reality is more important

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Q.8 Define any weakness of your favorite news channel which is the strength of the otherchannel(s)?

Ans: Majority of Pakistani dont understand English

Q.9 What is your opinion about the news caster and news reporter of the channel of yourchoice and competitors on the basis of the following factors?1. Style 2.Communication Skills 3.Risk Taking (Reporter)

Ans: 1.Fine 2.Good 3.No risk taking

Q.10 Give any suggestion(s) to improve the weakness(es) of your favorite news channel?

Ans: Although main purpose of DAWN news is to cater the needs of English news-viewers butUrdu viewers should also be catered.

===========================================================

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Uns tructured Interviews :

Interview # 1:Name: Adil Raza Age: 26 Area: Dalmia Designation: Teacher.

Q 01: Do you watch news channels?

Ans: Yes, definitely.

Q 02: Which news channel you watch more?

Ans: I watch different news channels like GEO, APNA, and AAJ.

Q 03: If I ask which news channels you prefer above these three as you mentionedthat you watch more?

Ans: I prefer GEO than others.

Q 04: Why you give more preference to GEO above others?

Ans: There are more than hundred reasons to give more preference to GEO.

Q 05: Then it means that you are loyal to GEO?

Ans: I think this is not a right statement that I am loyal to GEO but the rightstatement should be GEO is loyal to their viewers and thats why people watch GEO.

Q 06 : As earlier you said that there are more than hundred reasons to prefer GEOcan you share some of these with me?

Ans: Yes, why not.

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Q 07: Then tell me what these are?

Ans: Loyalty of GEO to their viewers is the first and the most important reason to

give preference and I think this is enough to prefer GEO, then their coverage area ismore widened than other channels, in their news there is total reality and their staffincluding from lower level to higher level people all are well educated, well behaved,well mannered.

Q 08: It is said that in their news the factor of pessimism is present and there isalso blame on GEO news that it shows only one side of picture?

Ans: Its not like that people just want to know the truth and this news channeldeliver the news as it is. e.g.: if in a suicide attack the number of causalities is 45then obviously head line on GEO will be 45 people died in a suicide attack. In thisnews where is pessimism?

Q 09: Finally you want to say anything about the news channels you like more?

Ans: I just want to say that GEO AND GEENAY DO.

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Interview # 2:

Name: Asif Jilani Age: 54 Area: Dalmia Designation: Retired Officer

Q 01: To be aware about the current affairs what you do?

Ans: I watch different news channels.

Q 02: How many news channels you watch?

Ans: Mostly I try to watch every local and international news channels in order to beaware about the all events and different point of views of different people aboutthese events.

Q 03: If I ask to tell me the name of one news channels you like most then whatwould be that?Ans: I prefer to watch a recently launched news channel that is EXPRESS NEWS.

Q 04: As you told us that this channel is new one then how you can compare it withthose channels who have million of viewers.

Ans: As you are talking about news channels then viewer ship does not matter. If achannel is providing accurate news at accurate time then I think that it is best.

Q 05: Can you give any reason that EXPRESS NEWS is the best?

Ans: Yes, I can. As this news channel was launched in last year and just after thelaunching many important events took place and as it was a new channel I was notexpecting such a good coverage of each and every event but EXPRESS NEWS didvery good job and informed us with real facts and figures. Take the example of

election 2008, this channel provided us with accurate results.

Q 06: So it means that it is the only reason to like this channel?

Ans: one thing I also want to mention about this channel that their way of presentingthe news is very impressive. This channel shows both sides of picture. It also doesnot promote pessimism in society as other channels are doing.

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Problem Definition:

Problem Statement:

To discover the best news channel on the preference ofrespondents based on different attributes.

Description of problem definition:

We will conduct a research through questionnaires and check that which is the bestnews channel in Pakistan and which news channel is on the top among the viewers inwhich segments. Also we have the opinion that Geo News is the best and the top mostnews channel in Pakistan among the viewers. After conducting this research we willget to know that was our claim correct or not.

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Theoretical Framework:After the literature survey and the problem statement, the next step is to examinethe critical variables and developing a Theoretical Framework. The critical variablesin our study are:

Variables:

Dependent Variable: Number of Viewers

Independent Variable: Information quality Integrity level Efficiency Relevancy of news News casters

News Reporter Coverage(local + world wide coverage) Innovation

Moderating Variable: Government Regulation Current affairs

Intervening Variable: Network of Coverage

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Dependent variable:

No of viewers:Through our literature survey we found out that the dependent variable of the newschannels is the number of viewers which is dependent on certain other independentvariables and is also affected by certain other moderating variables we are concernedwith the Number of viewers. How it is influenced by other variables either in thepositive or negative ways that depends on the condition that what are the factorsthat are in the control of the management and what are certain environmentalfactors which affect the number of viewers of the news channels

Independent variables:

Information quality:Through our literature survey we analyzed that the most important factor thataffects the viewers of any news channel is the quality of information that isbroadcasted on that channel because people usually prefer high quality information, indetailed view of the complete situation. They usually prefer to watch that channelwhich gives detailed and complete information in a precise manner.

Integrity level:In our literature survey we analyzed another most important factor that affectsviewers is the honesty and ability to broadcast real situation. Most of the viewersusually go for those channels which spread true information about the currentsituation rather than just supporting the government. People want to get to the trueand accurate information and any channel that would provide them with this, theywould add up to that channels viewer ship number.

Efficient news updating:Another very important variable which influences the number of viewers is theefficiency of the news channel. It means that how fast the channel broadcasts thenews and how fast it delivers the exact story of the situation to the general publicand how fast and accurate its transmission is. These are all the factors which attractviewers towards news channels and these are also major reasons why sponsors areready to give huge amounts for the publicity of their products.

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Innovation:It is an undeniable fact that people usually like those things which are innovative.

Thus the more innovative the news channel, the more number of viewers it attracts.

Relevance of news:Another variable which attracts viewers depends on how news channels broadcastrelevant news and how relevant is it according to the situation. People dislike thosechannels which broadcast irrelevant material.

News caster and reporters:Another very important variable which influences the viewers are news reporters and

news casters. In our unstructured interview we asked different people about theirviews about news channels and we analyzed that 90% of the people prefer thosechannels which have good reporters. People also have the view that they did not enjoythe news until it is not broadcasted by a popular newscaster. These are the reasonswhy these channels give huge amount to these reporters in order to keep the bestwith them.

Worldwide and local coverage:We have also analyzed the view of many viewers that they prefer to watch thosechannels which provide them detailed coverage and complete information of thecertain issue about Pakistan and also world wide. This is one of the reasons why thosechannels cover more efficiently local as well as worldwide issue occupying a betterimage in their viewers mind.

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Information Quality

Integrity

Relevance of News

News caster &Reporters

Coverage

Innovation

Diagram for the Independent-DependentVariable Relationship

Independent VariablesIndependent Variables Dependent VariableDependent Variable

Number of viewers


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Moderating Variable:

Government Regulation:Other factors which have also very strong affect on the increasing number ofviewers of the news channel and which are not in the control of the news channel isthe government regulation .Strict government regulations does not allow the channelsto broadcast the correct news even if they cover all those variable which wediscussed.

Current affairs:Another very important variable which influences the number of viewers is thecurrent affairs of the country which attracts views towards news channels such as

elections, suicide attacks, and protesting rallies. It all depends on the coverage ofthe channel that how does it broadcasts all these events in order to attract itsviewers and increase it viewer ship.

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Information Quality

Integrity

Relevance of News

News caster &Reporters

Coverage

Innovation

Independent VariablesIndependent Variables Moderating VariableModerating Variable Dependent VariableDependent Variable

Number of viewers

Diagram for the Theoretical Framework Including Moderating Variable

Government

Regulations

CurrentAffairs


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Intervening Variable:

Network of CoverageThe network of coverage is the intervening variable surfacing at the time t2, whenthe independent variables were in place at time t1 till their effect is felt in terms ofviewer ship response at the time t3.The effective the coverage of the news channel,stronger will be its network of coverage and this will ultimately lead to positiveviewer ship response.

t 1 t 2 t 3

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Number of viewers

Diagram for the Theoretical Framework Including Intervening Variable

Independent VariablesIndependent Variables Intervening VariableIntervening Variable Dependent VariableDependent Variable

Information Quality

Innovation

Relevance of News

News caster &

Reporters

Integrity

Coverage Network of

Coverage


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Hypothesis Development:

Null Hypothesis Ho:

The preference of Geo is higher than other news channels.

Alternative Hypothesis H a:The preference of Geo is not higher than other news channels.

If the first hypothesis comes true it will verify that a positive relationship existsbetween independent and dependent variables. This will show that GEO News ismostly preferred on its attributes and it will enjoy the leadership among the other

channels.

In case of alternate hypothesis our relationship will not be verified due to thenegative relationship between independent and dependant variables. Hence thisrelation ship will verify that the preference of Geo is not higher than the otherchannels. This means that other channels will be having a leadership.

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Research Design:

Following are the elements of scientific research design which we discussed in ourresearch and these elements make it easy for us about the details of the study.

Purpose of the studyTypes of investigationExtent of researcher interferenceStudy settingUnit of analysisTime horizon

Purpose of the study :

The nature of our study is hypothesis testing. Firstly we observed data throughprimary sources as well as secondary sources. Then we generated hypothesis and thentesting of data in order to know about the relationship between the independent anddependent variables in the presence of intervening and moderating variables .

Types of investigation:-

Research which we conducted is co-relational study in nature because we are simplyinterested in finding the best news channel in Pakistan.

Extent of researchers interference:-

The extent to which our group interfered is minimal. Respondents were given thequestionnaires and they were simply asked to fill them in normal settings and theentire research was conducted with in normal setting. The results were later analyzedthats why interference was minimal

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Study setting:-

We have conducted this research in non-contrived setting. None of the variable wasmanipulated or controlled. Since our study is co-relational therefore normal settingsare chosen for research work.

Unit of analysis:-

We selected individuals as our unit of analysis. We selected 120 individuals randomlyfrom Bahria University as well as from different places of Karachi and thenquestionnaires were distributed to them and data was collected from individuals andthen data collected from individuals was analyzed latterly.

Time horizon:-

Data for this research was gathered in one shot. Hence our research work is crosssectional in nature.

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DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSISAND INTERPRETATION.

Data Collection:

We have used the following sources to collect the data pertaining to our researchwork:

Literature Survey Questionnaire Interviews

o Structured Interviews.o Unstructured Interviews.

Secondary Data Collection:

The Secondary data has been referred from websites and news papers pertaining toour research work i.e. Analysis of News channels In Pakistan.

Primary Data Collection:

We have collected the primary data through questionnaires.

Questionnaires:

We have made Questionnaires having the combination of open ended and close endedquestions. The questionnaire constitutes 18 questions in which 17 are close endedquestions while 1 question is open ended in nature. The questionnaire has been dividedinto 3 sections to analyze respondents behavior and different attributes of newschannels.

The next page pertains to the core analysis of primary data.

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Data Analysis:

Section 1: Analysis of BehaviorQ.1 How frequently do you watch news channels in a day?

A. Very Often B. Often C. Occasionally D. Rarely E. Never

Options Option Names Frequency R.F1.1 Very Often 15 12.5%

1.2 Often 44 36.67%1.3 Occasionally 29 24.17%1.4 Rarely 22 18.33%1.5 Never 10 8.3%

Total 120 100%

Question No.1

12.50%

36.67%

24.17%

18.33%

8.30%

1.1 Ver Often 1.2 Often 1.3 Occasionall 1.4 Rarel 1.5 Never

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Interpretation:We have selected a sample of 120 respondents in which 13% watch news channels on Very oftenbasis, 37% watch on Often basis, 24 % watch occasionally, 18% watch rarely and 8% of therespondents never watch news channels. Thus this question helps us to determine daily behaviorof the respondent towards news channels


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Q.2 State the time at which you prefer to watch the news channels?

A. Morning B. After-noon C. Evening D. Night

Options Option Names Frequency R.F2.1 Morning 8 6.67%2.2 After-Noon 11 9.17%2.3 Evening 33 27.5%

2.4 Night 68 56.67%Total 120 100%

Question No.2

6.67%9.17%

27.50%56.67%

8.30%

2.1 Mornin 2.2 After-Noon 2.3 Evenin 2.4 Ni ht 2.5 Never

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Interpretation:

By asking the preference of the respondents, we came to know that & 7% of the respondentswatch news channel at morning time.9 % watch news channels in the after noon time, 28% watchnews channels at evening while 56 % opt to watch the news channels at night time. Hence, by thisquestion we can able to asses the preference of respondents


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Q.3 How much time do you spend in watching the news on news channels?

A. More than one hour B. An hour C. Less than an hour D. Other (specify)

Options Option Names Frequency R.F3.1 More than one hour 16 13.33%3.2 An Hour 39 32.5%3.3 Less than an hour 60 50%

3.4 Others 05 4.17%Total 120 100%

Question No.3

13%

33%50%

4%

3.1 More than one hour 3.2 An Hour 3.3 Less than an hour 3.4 Others

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Interpretation:Here we are studying the time spend by the respondents on the news channels. So, our surveyresult simply shows that 13% of the respondents spend more than one hour on news channels, 33%spend an hour, and 50% spend less than an hour. 4 % of the respondents come in the category ofothers who might not watch news channels. Here we can able to determine how much time usuallyrespondents find to watch news channels.


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Section 2: Analysis of Attributes:

=Worst =Unsatisfactory =Average =Good =Excellent

In this section we are comparing the attributes of different news channels and rankthem according to highest points attained on each attribute.

Data Analysis Technique:

We have developed a specific technique to analyze the data of Section 2. Here theselected channel will be awarded the points on the following criteria:

=Worst --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 point=Unsatisfactory --------------------------------------------------------------- 2 points

=Average --------------------------------------------------------------- 3 points=Good --------------------------------------------------------------- 4 points=Excellent --------------------------------------------------------------- 5 points

The frequency of each attribute will be multiplied by the points according to the rankgiven to respective news channels. The attained points on each attribute are added tocalculate total points. Lastly the total points will be converted into their respectivepercentages and these percentages will be compared to give final ranking. Thechannel with the highest percentage points on all attributes will be considered as

best.

Calculation of Points = Frequency of each attribute of a channel x Points awarded

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The analysis of this section is presented on the next page

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Q.4 Information quality:

70.00%

80.00%

Options Option Names Frequency (%)AAJ ARY DAWN GEO PTV

4.1 Worst 3.33% 3.33% 7.5% 7.5% 39.17%4.2 Unsatisfactory 13.33% 3.33% 6.67% 11.67% 20.83%4.3 Average 44.17% 37.5% 23.33% 18.33% 24.17%4.4 Good 28.33% 45.83% 30% 24.17% 11.67%4.5 Excellent 10.83% 10.0% 32.5% 38.33% 4.17%

Total Points (%) 66% 71.17% 74.67% 74.83% 44.17%

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Interpretation:Information quality refers to the standard that the news channels are maintaining in delivering news. Informationquality reflects the image and caliber of the news channels.We have drawn the following outcomes based on thepreference of the respondents:

Rank News channels Points(%) Rank News channels Points(%)1st GEO 74.83% 2nd DAWN 74.67%3rd ARY 71.17% 4 th AAJ 66%5 th PTV 44.17%


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Q.5 Integrity Level:


5.1 Worst 3.33% 2.5% - 5.83% 27.5%5.2 Unsatisfactory 15.83% 7.5% 7.5% 1.6% 21.67%5.3 Average 37.5% 38.33% 22.5% 21.6% 34.17%5.4 Good 28.33% 32.5% 34.17% 29.17% 10.83%5.5 Excellent 15% 19.17% 35.83% 41.67% 5.83%

Total Points (%) 67.17% 71.67% 79.67% 79.83% 49.17%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

AAJ ARY DAWN GEO PTV

Integrity Level.

Worst Unsatisfactory Average Good Excellent Total Points

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nterpretation:

Interpretation:Integrity means how honestly the news channels are delivering the news to the viewers. Integrity level is one of theprimary attribute on which viewers select the news channel. We have drawn the following outcomes based on the preferenceof the respondents:

Rank News channels Points(%) Rank News channels Points(%)1st GEO 79.83% 2nd DAWN 79.67%3rd ARY 71.67% 4 th AAJ 67.17%5 th PTV 49.17%


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Q.6 Efficient news updating system:

70.00%

80.00%


6.1 Worst 2.5% 0.83% 0.83% 13.33% 24.17%6.2 Unsatisfactory 16.67% 7.5% 7.5% 17.5% 26.67%6.3 Average 34.17% 37.5% 37.5% 10.83% 34.17%6.4 Good 26.83% 44.16% 34.16% 20.83% 10.83%6.5 Excellent 20.83% 10% 20% 37.5% 4.17%

Total Points (%) 69.17% 71.0% 73.0% 70.33% 48.83%

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Interpretation:Efficient news updating system defines how frequently the news is updated and delivered . Most of the news channelin Pakistan are competing on this attribute.We have drawn the following outcomes based on the preference of therespondents:

Rank News channels Points(%) Rank News channels Points(%)1st DAWN 73.0% 2nd ARY 71.0%3rd GEO 70.33% 4 th AAJ 69.17%5 th PTV 48.83%


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Q.7 Relevancy of Information

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

Options Option Names Frequency (%)

AAJ ARY DAWN GEO PTV7.1 Worst 7.5% 5% 2.5% 19.17% 19.17%7.2 Unsatisfactory 10% 7.5% 1.67% 20.83% 26.67%7.3 Average 27.5% 23.33% 22.5% 23.33% 26.67%7.4 Good 31.67% 42.5% 25.83% 25% 15.83%7.5 Excellent 23.33% 21.67% 47.5% 11.67% 11.67%

Total Points (%) 70.67% 73.67% 82.83% 57.84% 54.83%

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Interpretation:Relevancy means having connection with social issues . It is basically the core need of every viewer to have opinion andnews on the desired issues. On this attribute we have drawn the following outcomes based on the preference of therespondents:

Rank News channels Points(%) Rank News channels Points(%)1st DAWN 82.83% 2nd ARY 73.67%3rd AAJ 70.67% 4 th GEO 57.84%5 th PTV 54.83%


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Q.8 News Reporters

70%

80%

90%

Options Option Names Frequency (%)

AAJ ARY DAWN GEO PTV8.1 Worst 5% 0.83% 8.3% 5.83% 26.67%8.2 Unsatisfactory 12.5% 16.67% 0% 0% 18.33%8.3 Average 24.17% 28.33% 27.5% 2.5% 19.17%8.4 Good 30% 40% 45% 25.83% 31.67%8.5 Excellent 28.33% 14.17% 19.17% 65.83% 4.17%

Total Points (%) 72.83% 70.0% 73.33% 89.17% 53.67%

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Interpretation:News reporters are one of the key personnel who present the image and performances of news channels. They are theones who report the news from place of event. It depends that how they deliver the news . On this attribute we havedrawn the following outcomes based on the preference of the respondents:

Rank News channels Points(%) Rank News channels Points(%)1st GEO 89.17% 2nd DAWN 73.33%3rd AAJ 72.83% 4 th ARY 70.0%5 th PTV 53.67%


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Q.9 News Casters:

70.00%

80.00%


9.1 Worst 6.67% 9.17% 2.5% 11.67% 22.5%9.2 Unsatisfactory 21.67% 9.17% 8.33% 13.33% 22.5%9.3 Average 26.67% 36.67% 30% 19.17% 27.5%9.4 Good 22.5% 29.17% 21.67% 23.33% 20%9.5 Excellent 22.5% 15.83% 37.5% 32.5% 7.5%

Total Points (%) 66.5% 66.67% 76.67% 70.33% 53.5%

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Interpretation:News casters are similar to news reporters but they key difference is that they cast the news from the headquartersof the news channel. We have drawn the following outcomes based on the preference of the respondents:

Rank News channels Points(%) Rank News channels Points(%)1st DAWN 76.67% 2nd GEO 70.33%3rd ARY 66.67% 4 th AAJ 66.50%5 th PTV 53.5%


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Q.10 World wide coverage:

70.00%

80.00%


10.1 Worst 3.33% 0.83% 5% 11.67% 22.5%10.2 Unsatisfactory 15.83% 19.17% 9.17% 13.33% 22.5%10.3 Average 30% 32.5% 28.33% 19.17% 27.5%10.4 Good 21.67% 30% 30% 23.33% 20%10.5 Excellent 29.17% 17.5% 27.5% 32.5% 7.5%

Total Points (%) 71.5% 68.83% 73.17% 70.33% 53.5%

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Interpretation:World wide coverage means how much the news channel is diversified in the World. Now Lets see what respondentsthinks about World wide coverage.

Rank News channels Points(%) Rank News channels Points(%)1st DAWN 73.17% 2nd AAJ 71.50%3rd GEO 70.33% 4 th ARY 68.83%5 th PTV 53.5%


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Q.11 Local Coverage:

80.00%

90.00%


11.1 Worst 4.17% 0% 10% 1.67% 22.5%11.2 Unsatisfactory 14.17% 17.5% 20.83% 9.17% 12.5%11.3 Average 23.33% 19.17% 22.5% 15.83% 29.17%11.4 Good 5.25% 22.5% 29.17% 28.33% 19.17%11.5 Excellent 5.83% 40.83% 17.5% 45% 16.67%

Total Points (%) 68.33% 77.33% 64.67% 81.17% 59.0%

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Interpretation:Local coverage means how much the channel is locally diversified. We have drawn the following outcomes based on thepreference of the respondents:

Rank News channels Points(%) Rank News channels Points(%)1st GEO 81.17% 2nd ARY 77.33%3rd AAJ 68.33% 4 th DAWN 64.67%5 th PTV 59.0%


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Q.12 Quality Of talk shows.

80.00%

90.00%


11.1 Worst 6.67% 9.17% 2.5% 7.5% 31.67%11.2 Unsatisfactory 21.67% 9.17% 3.33% 9.17% 21.67%11.3 Average 26.67% 36.67% 24.17% 15.83% 30%11.4 Good 22.5% 27.5% 24.17% 24.17% 8.33%11.5 Excellent 22.5% 17.5% 45.83% 45% 8.33%

Total Points (%) 66.5% 67.0% 81.50% 78.67% 48.0%

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Interpretation:Quality of talk shows provides additional information and opinions pertaining to any serious or hot issues. To checkwhich news channel has a lead in quality of talk shows, let us check the ranking obtained from our respondents:

Rank News channels Points(%) Rank News channels Points(%)1st DAWN 81.50% 2nd GEO 78.67%3rd ARY 67.0% 4 th AAJ 66.50%5 th PTV 48.0%


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Q.13 Innovation and creativity:

80.00%

90.00%


11.1 Worst 2.5% 0% 1.6% 5% 32.5%11.2 Unsatisfactory 22.5% 23.33% 3.33% 6.67% 24.17%11.3 Average 38.33% 30.83% 27.5% 14.17% 25.83%11.4 Good 22.5% 35% 31.67% 25% 13.33%11.5 Excellent 14.17% 10.83% 35.83% 49.17% 4.17%

Total Points (%) 64.67% 66.67% 79.33% 81.33% 46.5%

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Interpretation:Innovation and creativity refers to how frequently and how nicely the news channels introduce the new trends andideas in the market. Innovation and creativity keeps the loyalty with the viewers. So, lets us see the outcomes of ouranalysis:



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Q.14 Leadership:

70.00%

80.00%


11.1 Worst 16.67% 3.33% 2.5% 4.17% 30.83%11.2 Unsatisfactory 15.83% 7.5% 6.67% 15% 22.5%11.3 Average 36.67% 41.67% 28.33% 17.5% 25.83%11.4 Good 30.83% 28.33% 27.5% 16.67% 11.67%11.5 Excellent 15% 19.17% 35% 46.67% 9.17%

Total Points (%) 68.33% 70.50% 77.17% 77.33% 49.17%

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Interpretation:Leadership refers to the overall dominancy of news channel in the market. This variable covers many other attributes.We have selected this question to check the overall perception of the respondents and their overall likeness towardstheir favorite news channel. We have also selected this question for our hypothesis testing. Following are outcomesobtained from this question:



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Secti on 3: Analysis of Perceptions

Q.15 News channels represent the image of their country, what do you think about Pakistaninews channels with respect to their countrys image, they are:

A. Constructive B. Neutral C. Destructive

Options Option Names Frequency R.F15.1 Constructive 20 16.67%15.2 Neutral 54 45%15.3 Destructive 46 38.33%

Total 120 100%

Question 15

16.67%

45%

38.33%

15.1 Constructive 15.2 Neutral 15.3 Destructive

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Interpretation:We have asked this question in order to determine general perception of people about media. Theaim was to find whether the media in our country is constructive or destructive. We have obtained16.67 % votes for constructive option, 45% votes for the neutral part and 38.33% votes fordestructive option. Here what we can interpret is that media in Pakistan is neutral becausema orit favors this fact.


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Q.16 News channels in Pakistan are given much more liberty than they should be givenHow strongly do you agree/disagree with the above mentioned statement?

Strongly

agree

Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Disagree

Options Option Names Frequency R.F16.1 Strongly Agree 22 18.33%16.2 Agree 49 40.83%16.3 Neutral 25 20.83%16.4 Disagree 15 12.5%

16.5 Strongly Disagree 9 7.5%Total 120 100%

Question No.16

18.33%

40.83%

20.83%

12.50%7.50%

16.1 Strongly Agree 16.2 Agree 16.3 Neutral

16.4 Disa ree 16.5 Stron l Disa ree

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Interpretation:This question is asked to analyze the freedom of media. In past we know that some channels wereblocked due to the violation of rules. So, here we are determining whether the media has givenfreedom beyond the limits or not. Well out of 120 respondents 18% strongly agree to this fact,40.83% agree to this fact, 20.83% thinks that media is neutral while remaining 20% are againstthis fact. Here we can conclude that media has given liberty beyond the limits as the majority of40.83% agrees to it.


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Q.17 Do you think Pakistani news channels highlight the negative sides of our society andgovernment much more than the positive side?

Strongly

agree

Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Disagree

Options Option Names Frequency R.F17.1 Strongly Agree 45 37.5%17.2 Agree 39 32.5%17.3 Neutral 24 20%17.4 Disagree 10 8.33%

17.5 Strongly Disagree 2 1.6%Total 120 100%

Question No.17

37.50%

32.50%

20%

8.33%1.60%

17.1 Strongly Agree 17.2 Agree 17.3 Neutral

17.4 Disa ree 17.5 Stron l Disa ree

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Interpretation:When the respondents were asked about the pessimistic role that media is playing in our country,so out of 120 respondents 37.50% strongly agrees to this fact, 32.50 % agrees to this statement,20% respondents were neutral in their answer, 8.33% disagree to this fact and 1.60% stronglydisagrees to this statement. Hence there are nominal amount of respondents rejecting this claim.


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Deductions:

Hypothesis Testing:Question No.14 from the questionnaire was selected to assist in the hypothesistesting.

Step: 1 Establishing Null and Alternative Hypothesis:

Ho: The preference of Geo is higher than other news channels.

HA: The preference of Geo is not higher than other news channels.

Step: 2 Level of significance: =5% (0.05)

Step: 3 Test Statistic Use: X2 = (oi-ei) 2/ei

Step: 4 Critical Region:

If X 2 Cal > 145.4607, reject Ho

50

Critical Region

145.4607


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Step: 5 Calculations

Channels f(x)=Oi e i (oi-ei) (oi-ei)2

/eiGEO 56 26 576 22.25

ARY-ONEWORLD 23 26 9 0.34DAWN 40 26 196 7.53

AAJ 20 26 36 1.38PTV 11 26 22.5 8.6

(oi-i) 2/ei=40.1

Step 6 Conclusion:

Since X 2 Cal < 145.4607, we accept the null hypothesis and verify the positive relation between theindependent and dependant variable.

51

Critical Region

145.4607X2

Cal= 40.1


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Conclusion:

This study provided us with very interesting and important information regarding thenews channels of Pakistan. Through our questionnaires, we came across some veryimportant facts that helped us to analyze the news channels. We got to know thatwhich particular channel lacks behind in which particular area and which news channelexcel in which particular area and attribute.

Especially questions 4 to 14 gave us the whole summary of much of our research. Itprovided us with specific information regarding each channel on a rating of 1 to 5.This highlighted very closely and accurately the portions in which each channel lackedbehind and needs to work on in order to attain more viewer ship.

Hence, we came to the conclusion that Geo news is the leading news channel in

Pakistan. It has achieved higher results than any other news channel and thus weconclude that Geo news is the leader of Pakistani news channels. Also, Dawn news isvery next to it and it lacks behind a little because it is an English language newschannel and many of the Pakistanis prefer to tune on to urdu language news channels.Thus if Dawn news launches an urdu news channel too, then it would probably go sideby side with Geo news.

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Recommendations:

PTV News needs to work really hard in order to compete with the other newschannels of the country.

PTV News needs urgent attention on News Casters, News Reporters, andEfficient News updating system and on World wide coverage.

AAJ news needs to work on coming up with more innovation and creativity. It

needs to change its outlook in order to get more common among people.

AAJ news also needs to improve the quality of its talk shows because Geograbs much of the viewer ship in terms of talk shows.

ARY One-World has also scored low in the attribute of the quality of the talkshows. It should come up with much better shows with better discussion panelsin order to attract the attention of people.

According to some people, Dawn news should also cater the people who dontunderstand Urdu. This is because the job that this channel is doing ismarvelous, but as much of the population cannot understand English, it losesthe viewers at this point.

Geo news needs to lessen the number of ads that it puts up, because thisforces people to switch to other news channels.

Also, Geo news delivers news at every 60 th minute of the hour, and AAJ news

delivers it at every 55th

minute of the hour which attracts people more towardsAAJ. So Geo should also work on the betterment of this part.

Geo news should spread its coverage world wide in a much sophisticated way sothat it brings news from around the world much faster.

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Bibliography:www.pemra.com.pk www.dawn.comwww.pkpolitics.comwww.geo.tvwww.aaj.tvwww.aryoneworld.comwww.ptvworldnews.com.pk www.aryoneworld.netwww.brandsynario.com
http://www.pemra.com.pk/http://www.dawn.com/http://www.pkpolitics.com/http://www.geo.tv/http://www.aaj.tv/http://www.aryoneworld.com/http://www.ptvworldnews.com.pk/http://www.aryoneworld.net/http://www.brandsynario.com/http://www.pemra.com.pk/http://www.dawn.com/http://www.pkpolitics.com/http://www.geo.tv/http://www.aaj.tv/http://www.aryoneworld.com/http://www.ptvworldnews.com.pk/http://www.aryoneworld.net/http://www.brandsynario.com/

Analysis of News Channels in Pakistan2

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